JP2003145053A - Waste screening equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide waste screening equipment involving wind screening which is capable of reducing running cost and treatment cost of exhausted air. SOLUTION: This waste screening equipment crushes waste by using a crusher 1 and, thereafter, performs the screening of refuse by combining a grain size screening device 3 and a wind screening device 5, etc. Therein, the wind screening device 5 performs the wind screening by utilizing air stream exhausted from the crusher 1.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a waste sorting device for sorting wastes such as household wastes mixed with each other according to types.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In addition to food waste, paper waste, plastics, vinyl bags, incombustibles and the like are mixed in household waste discharged from general households. A known method for treating fixed-term waste such as food waste is methane fermentation. However, in order to perform methane fermentation, it is necessary to exclude paper, plastics, incombustibles, etc. that are unsuitable for fermentation. Therefore, in the fermentation treatment facility, a selection process is provided as a pretreatment for the fermentation process. In addition, various kinds of waste are mixed in the processing of oversized waste, and therefore these wastes are selected and recycled respectively.

As such a sorter, there are various sorts of sorters utilizing differences in physical and chemical characteristics of sort targets, and it is general to use these sorts in combination. Typical sorting devices include grain size sorting, specific gravity difference sorting, wind power sorting, magnetic sorting, eddy current sorting and the like.

[0004]

Among them, the wind power sorting apparatus is an apparatus for forming an air flow in a closed container and performing separation by the difference in the falling speed of substances in the air flow. Not only the specific gravity of the substance, but also the difference in the air resistance that it receives depends on the shape and dimensions. In order to improve the accuracy of separation, a large amount of air must be sent to form the air flow, which increases the running cost of the device that sends the air, and because the air that is discharged is accompanied by waste odor, the processing costs associated with deodorization also increase. It will increase.

Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a waste sorting apparatus with wind power sorting which can reduce running costs and processing costs of discharged air.

[0006]

In order to solve the above problems, a waste sorting apparatus according to the present invention utilizes a crushing apparatus for crushing waste and a wind force of air discharged from the crushing apparatus. A wind power sorting device that sorts the crushed waste into at least two or more depending on its specific gravity and air resistance.

According to the present invention, since the air discharged from the crushing device is used for the wind power selection, the running cost of the entire processing equipment can be reduced.
Further, since the amount of air discharged from the entire device is reduced, the deodorizing device can be downsized and the processing cost thereof can be reduced.

Further provided is a particle size sorting device for sorting the waste crushed by the crushing device into at least two or more particles,
The wind power sorting device is preferably used for sorting at least one of the wastes sorted by the particle size sorting device. By combining particle size sorting and wind power sorting, more accurate sorting becomes possible.

At least one of the air discharged from the crushing device and the air used in the wind power sorting device is preferably introduced into the particle size sorting device. By forming an air flow in the particle size sorting device, the sorting device can perform sorting considering not only the particle size but also the specific gravity, and the sorting accuracy can be improved.

A circulation system may be further provided for guiding at least a part of the air used in the wind power sorting apparatus to the crushing apparatus for circulation. By circulating the air, the amount of air discharged to the outside of the system can be reduced, and the energy for forming the air flow can be reduced.

If the crushing device is a rotary crusher, a sufficient amount of air can be discharged from the crushing device, which is preferable.

[0012]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In order to facilitate understanding of the description, the same reference numerals are given to the same constituent elements in each drawing as much as possible in the drawings, and redundant description will be omitted.

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a pretreatment facility including a waste sorting device according to the present invention. This pretreatment facility is
This is a facility to carry in municipal waste such as household waste, including household waste.In order to perform methane fermentation treatment of raw garbage, non-fermentable waste such as paper, Styrofoam, plastic, iron, glass, and ceramics is sorted and removed from the raw garbage. To do.

This pretreatment facility comprises a crushing device 1, a particle size sorting device 3, a wind power sorting device 5, a magnetic force sorting device 7, a solubilization tank 9, a deodorizing device 11, and a dust removing device 13.

The crushing device 1 is a device for crushing the dust carried in by the line L1, and a rotary crushing device or a cutting type or compression type crushing device can be used. Air is also introduced into the dust input port of the crushing apparatus 1 through the line L21. FIGS. 2A to 2C are views showing an example of such a crushing device.

The crushing device 1 shown in FIG. 2 (a) is a vertical swing hammer type rotary crushing device, and the casing 1
00 has an inlet 101 and an outlet 10 at the top and bottom, respectively.
In the casing 100, a large number of swing hammers 104 are attached to a rotor that rotates about a vertical axis by a motor 105 in a casing 100. The swing hammer 104 opens due to the rotation of the rotor, and an impact opening and a shearing action are performed by a shearing action. It is for crushing the garbage thrown in from 101. The upper portion of the casing 100, which is opposed to the inlet 101 with the swing hammer 104 interposed therebetween, is provided with a blowout opening 103 for discharging uncrushed dust. A strong downward airflow is formed in the casing 100 by the rotating force of the swing hammer 104, and the outlet 10
A large amount of air is sent from 2 together with the crushed dust.

Further, the crushing device 1a shown in FIG. 2 (b).
Is a vertical ring grinder type rotary crusher. This crushing device 1a has a ring-shaped ring grinder 10 instead of the swing hammer 104 of the crushing device 1 of FIG.
7, the arm-like breaker bar 106 is arranged at the uppermost part of the rotor, and the sweeper 108 is provided at the lowermost part. In this device 1a, the thrown dust is subjected to primary impact crushing by a rotating breaker bar 106, ground and crushed by a ring grinder 107, and then strongly discharged by a sweeper 108 by centrifugal force. Also in this case, a large amount of air is discharged together with the crushed dust.

The crushing device 1b shown in FIG. 2 (c) is a horizontal swing hammer crusher. In this device 1b, dust is generated by the shearing force between the swing hammer 111 attached to the rotor 110 having the horizontal rotation axis and the cutter bar 112 disposed on the casing 100 side and the impact force of the swing hammer 111. It is crushed. In this device 1b, unlike the above-described devices 1 and 1a, the air flow generated by the rotation of the rotor 110 is small. If gas cylinders, spray cans, or other combustibles are mixed in the crushed waste, explosion or fire may occur due to the crushing. Therefore, install blower 2 between line L21 of inlet 1 of device 1b. By connecting and sending a large amount of air, the concentration of explosive gas is suppressed from reaching the explosive / flammable limit. As a result, a large amount of air is discharged together with the crushed dust.

The crushed dust discharge line L2 connected to the discharge port 102 of the crusher 1 is connected to a particle size sorting device 3 for sorting dust according to particle size. As the particle size sorting device 3, a sieving type sorting device such as a vibration type, a rotating drum type, or a roller type can be used. Fig.3 (a)-
(C) is a figure which shows an example of such a particle size sorting apparatus.

The particle size sorting device 3 shown in FIG.
It is a vibrating screen-type particle size sorting device, in which two screens 304a and 304b having different mesh sizes are arranged in a casing 300 so as to be inclined and substantially parallel to each other.
Each casing 300 or screen 304a, 3
The vibrator 303 vibrates 04b. The mesh size of the screen 304a is the screen 304b.
Is set larger than that of the casing 300, the inlet 301 is provided at the top of the casing 300, and the outlets 302a to 302c are provided above the screen 304a on the opposite side, above the screen 304b, and below. There is.

The particle size sorting apparatus 3a shown in FIG. 3 (b)
Is a rotating drum type screen type particle size sorting device,
It has a rotating drum, which is axially divided into two, and two screens 304c and 304d each having a different mesh size form an outer wall. The mesh size of the screen 304c is
The screen 304 is set smaller than that of d.
An inlet 301 is provided at the drum end on the c side, and 302a to 302c are provided at the bottom of each screen and the other end of the drum, respectively.
Is provided.

A particle size sorting device 3b shown in FIG. 3 (c).
Is a roller-type particle size sorting device, in which a plurality of rollers 305 with fins 306 are arranged such that the fins 306 are alternately meshed with each other and the gap between the fins 306 is used like a screen.

Lines L3 and L4 are connected to the discharge ports of these particle size separation devices 3, and a line L3 for conveying large particle size dust is connected to another processing system (not shown). The line L4 that conveys small particle size dust is connected to the wind force sorting device 5. FIG. 4 shows the wind power sorter 5.
The vertical wind power sorter shown in FIG. 4A or the horizontal wind force sorter shown in FIG. 4B can be used.

In the vertical type wind power sorter 5 shown in FIG. 4 (a), a zigzag-shaped pipe line 501 extending vertically is formed in a casing 500, and a line is formed at a charging port 502 arranged at an intermediate portion. L4 is connected to the upper outlet 503
Is connected to the line L5 and the air supply line L23, and the bunker 504 provided in the lower part is connected to the line L6. Further, the air inlet 505 connected to the lower end of the pipe line 501 is
The air discharged from the outlet of the crushing device 1 is connected to a line L22 through which air is sent.

In the horizontal type wind power sorter 5a shown in FIG. 4 (b), the line L4 is connected to the inlet 502 provided at the upper part of one end of the casing 500, and the inlet 50 is provided.
Air inlet port 505 that blows air laterally just below 2
Are arranged and connected to the line L22. An exhaust duct 506 is arranged at the other end of the upper part of the casing 500 and is connected to the air supply line L23. The lower portion of the casing 500 is divided into a plurality (three in the figure) in the air introduction direction across the partition plate 508 to form a bunker, and the dust separated by the screw feeder 507 arranged at the lower end is pulled out. Has become. These are connected to the lines L5 and L6.

The line L6 is connected to a magnetic force sorting device 7 for magnetically sorting the iron in the refuse, and the iron refuse is sent to a recovery facility (not shown) via the line L8. On the other hand, other waste is sent to the solubilization tank 9 by the transfer line L7. The solubilization tank 9 is for liquefying food waste physically, chemically or biologically, and the waste remaining at the bottom is sent to a processing device (not shown) via a line L10, and liquid waste is generated. It is sent to a methane fermentation treatment facility (not shown) via a line L9.

Most of the air discharged from the wind power sorter 5 passes through the line L23 and the dust remover 13 to the line L.
It is returned to the crushing device 1 by 25 and circulates in the equipment.
A part of the line L2 branches from the line L23.
4 is released into the atmosphere through line L26 through the deodorizing device 11.

According to the present invention, from the dust crushed by the crushing device 1, first, the vinyl or the like which has not been crushed by the particle size selecting device 3 is removed. Next, in the wind power sorter 5,
Lightweight paper, plastic, etc. are removed. The magnetic force sorting device 7 removes iron, and the solubilization tank 9 removes non-ferrous metals, ceramics, glass and the like. As a result, line L9
It is possible to increase the ratio of raw garbage in the waste discharged from the.

In the present embodiment, since the air discharged from the crushing device 1 is used without using an additional device for generating a necessary air flow in the wind force selection device 5, the equipment cost and running cost are reduced. it can. Furthermore, by circulating this air flow, the amount of energy required to form the air flow can be reduced even when a large amount of air flow is required. Furthermore, by pulling out a part of the circulating air flow, it is possible to keep the inside of the circulating passage at a negative pressure and prevent the diffusion of odors. Since the amount of air released to the atmosphere after coming into contact with dust is small, the deodorizing device 11 can be miniaturized.
It is possible to reduce running costs.

Next, pretreatment equipment using another embodiment of the waste sorting apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the second embodiment. In this embodiment, the air discharged from the wind force sorting device 5 is guided to the particle size sorting device 3 by the line L23a, and the air discharged from the particle size sorting device 3 is removed by the dust removing device 13.
To the line L23b, and the withdrawal line L24a to the deodorizing device 11 is branched from the line L23b, which is the difference from the first embodiment.

When the vibrating screen type device shown in FIG. 3 (a) is used as the particle size selecting device 3, the air flow can be sent from the lower side of the upper screen 304a in a direction substantially along the screen 304a. preferable. By doing so, it is possible to separate light-weight and fragile dust, such as Styrofoam contained in the refuse to be carried in, from the garbage together with the plastic bag and the like, and facilitate the subsequent treatment.

FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the third embodiment. In this embodiment, a line L3 for circulating an air flow between the particle size sorting device 3 and the crushing device 1 in the first embodiment.
1 and L32 are added. Although the dust removing device 13 is not shown in FIG. 6, it may be provided on both or one of the lines L23 and L32. Also in this embodiment, the same effect as that of the second embodiment can be obtained.

FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the fourth embodiment. In this embodiment, there is provided a wind power sorting device 6 that further wind-sorts large-size dust discharged from the particle size sorting device 3 of the first embodiment, and this wind power sorting device 6 is also discharged from the crushing device 1. Line L3 that circulates the generated air
3, L34 is provided. The heavy load sorted by the wind force sorting device 6 is sent to the line L6 by the line L11. In this case, there is an effect of improving the selection rate of fermentation inappropriate waste.

FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the fifth embodiment. This embodiment is different from the fourth embodiment in that an air supply line that circulates from the crushing device 1 to the wind power sorting device 5 to the wind power sorting device 6 to the crushing device 1 is provided. In this way, a large amount of air can be used in both wind power sorting devices 5 and 6, and the sorting accuracy of each wind power sorting device 5 and 6 improves.

In the above description, the selection of municipal waste including food waste has been described, but the present invention can also be applied to the selection of bulky waste and the selection of industrial waste. Further, although the configurations that require the particle size sorting device 3, the magnetic force sorting device 7, and the solubilization tank 9 have been described, these sorting devices are not essential for the present invention, and any of them may be used depending on the configuration of the waste to be carried in. Alternatively, it is possible to adopt a configuration in which all of them are excluded. Further, the arrangement of the sorting devices after crushing is not limited to the embodiment described above, and various configurations can be adopted depending on the target of sorting, the ratio of each target in the mixed waste, and the like.

[0036]

As described above, according to the present invention, the air ejected from the crushing device 1 is utilized to select the wind power sorting device 5.
By performing the air force selection with, it is possible to reduce the equipment for air flow formation for the selection and the running cost. By circulating the air flow, the cost of forming the air flow can be further reduced, the amount of air released to the outside can be reduced, and the processing cost of deodorization and the like can be reduced. When a particle size selection device is further provided, it is preferable to send an air flow to this particle size selection device as well, because the foamed polystyrene and the like can be easily and reliably selected.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a pretreatment facility including a first embodiment of a waste sorting device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing several examples of a crushing device used in the device of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing several examples of a particle size sorting device used in the device of FIG.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing several examples of a wind power sorter used in the device of FIG.

FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram of a pretreatment facility including a second embodiment of the waste sorting device according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram of a pretreatment facility including a third embodiment of the waste sorting device according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram of a pretreatment facility including a fourth embodiment of the waste sorting device according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic configuration diagram of a pretreatment facility including a fifth embodiment of the waste sorting device according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Crushing device, 2 ... Blower, 3 ... Particle size sorter, 5 ... Wind force sorter, 7 ... Magnetic sorter, 9 ... Solubilization tank, 11 ...
Deodorizing device, 13 ... Dust removing device, L1-L10 ... Waste line, L21-L34 ... Blower line.

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[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] November 21, 2001 (2001.11.
21)

[Procedure Amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Name of item to be corrected] 0002

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In addition to food waste, paper waste, plastics, vinyl bags, incombustibles and the like are mixed in household waste discharged from general households. A known method for treating organic waste such as food waste is by methane fermentation, but in order to perform methane fermentation, it is necessary to exclude paper, plastics, incombustibles, etc. that are unsuitable for fermentation. Therefore, in the fermentation treatment facility, a selection process is provided as a pretreatment for the fermentation process. In addition, various kinds of waste are mixed in the processing of oversized waste, and therefore these wastes are selected and recycled respectively.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued Front Page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification Code FI Theme Coat (Reference) B03C 1/00 B03C 1/00 B B07B 1/14 B07B 1/14 1/22 1/22 Z 1/28 1/28 Z 4/02 4/02 7/01 7/01 7/083 7/083 (72) Inventor Eiichi Sase 5-9-11 Kitashinagawa, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. F Term (reference) 4D021 AA03 AA13 AB02 AB11 CA07 CA11 DA13 EA10 FA02 FA12 FA23 FA26 GA04 GA11 GA18 GB01 GB03 HA01 HA10 4D067 EE14 EE17 EE22 EE25 GA17 GB03

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A waste sorting device for sorting waste, comprising: a crushing device for crushing waste; and a specific gravity of the crushed waste using wind force of air discharged from the crushing device. , At least 2 depending on air resistance
A waste sorter equipped with the wind sorter for sorting as described above. 2. A particle size sorting device for sorting the waste material crushed by the crushing device into at least two particle sizes, and the wind power sorting device discards at least one of the waste materials sorted by the particle size sorting device. The waste sorting device according to claim 1, which is used for sorting products. 3. The waste sorting apparatus according to claim 2, wherein at least one of the air discharged from the crushing apparatus and the air used in the wind force sorting apparatus is introduced to the particle size sorting apparatus. 4. The waste sorting apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a circulation system that circulates at least a part of the air used in the wind power sorting apparatus to the crushing apparatus. 5. The waste sorting device according to claim 1, wherein the crushing device is a rotary crusher.