JP3592622B2 - Method for producing carbonized fertilizer containing potassium component from organic waste - Google Patents

Description

【００４１】
【表２】

【００４２】
表１及び表２において、発酵物の各種成分は畜産廃棄物を単純に発酵させた場合で、炭化物の各種成分は本発明により乾燥・炭化処理した場合であり、発酵物よりも炭化物の方がカリ分及び燐酸分の比率が飛躍的に向上することを示している。
【００４３】
本発明により乾燥・炭化処理した場合の実験結果は、キルン２１内温度を、カリ合成最適温度である６００±５０℃に制御したことによるものである。
【００４４】
【発明の効果】
以上述べたように、本発明の有機性廃棄物を原料とするカリ成分を含有する炭化肥料の製造方法によれば、炭化設備内に供給された有機性廃棄物を、蒸気立地で還元性雰囲気状態のキルンに供給して間接的に加熱することにより乾留工程中の着火を防止する炭化処理方法であり、キルン内の乾留温度を、カリ合成最適温度である５５０〜６５０℃に保つことにより、肥料効果の高いカリ分等を効率よく採集することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の有機性廃棄物からの炭化カリ等肥料の製造方法が実施される家畜糞尿の炭化カリ等肥料化施設の全体構成を示す概略図である。
【図２】主要部分の温度制御の関係を示す説明図である。
【図３】従来の堆肥化技術の対策の一例を示す装置の概略図である。
【符号の説明】
２ 炭化設備
２１ キルン
３ 脱臭炉
３４ 乾燥バーナ（昇温バーナ）
３５ 空冷ブロワ（冷却ブロワ）
３６ 脱臭バーナ
ＣＡ 炭化物
ＤＧ 乾留ガス
ＥＭ 糞尿（有機性廃棄物）[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to effective use of organic waste and deodorization treatment.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Since organic waste such as manure excreted from livestock, litter for livestock pens, and various sludges contains fertilizer components such as nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium, conventionally, fertilizers are used as they are or fermented by fermentation. Or landfilled or incinerated as waste without treatment.
[0003]
However, in the case of fermenting and composting the above-mentioned organic waste that is currently generally practiced, not only is there a disadvantage that the quality is not stable, but also not only does it require a long period of 40 days or more for its generation, Organic waste is discharged regularly, while compost is used only twice a year in spring and autumn, so odors and sewage are unavoidable during the composting process and during its storage. Had been repelled from.
[0004]
Therefore, from a sanitary point of view, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries enacted the "Law Concerning the Proper Management and Use of Livestock Excreta" in November 1999 to properly manage waste derived from the livestock business. The government and local governments have provided financial support to livestock producers' shared facilities for the purpose of properly treating livestock excrement so as not to cause environmental problems and recycling and effectively utilizing the residue. However, it was difficult to sell compost due to the above-mentioned problems, and at present the business plan was not feasible.
[0005]
On the other hand, current farmers only use chemical fertilizers that have fast-acting and can calculate the amount of fertilizer, but they no longer use slow-acting compost, so the soil is exhausted and ventilation and water permeability deteriorate. In addition, there is a problem of groundwater contamination due to nitrate nitrogen caused by excessive nitrogen fertilizer application, and urgent countermeasures are desired.
[0006]
FIG. 3 shows an outline of a "method for drying and carbonizing water-containing organic waste and a processing apparatus therefor" disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-67580 as an example of measures against the conventional composting technology. I have.
[0007]
In FIG. 3, reference numeral A denotes a carbonization furnace, a heating cylinder B for drying and carbonizing hydrated organic waste, a casing C on the outer periphery of the heating cylinder B for inducing hot air for heating, and a heating cylinder. It comprises a hot air generating furnace D located below B, and a cooling separation device E provided at the end of the heating tube portion B for separating carbides, sand and the like.
[0008]
Heating cylinder portion B includes a plurality of heating the cylinder b ₂ coupled to the multi-stage incorporates a screw conveyor b ₁ is a stirring and transferring member, the rotary valve b ₃ for connecting the respective heating the tube b _2, a hopper b ₄ having a screw feeder arranged on the inlet of the heat in the cylinder b _2, the supply port b ₅ and communicating with the hopper b _4, the outlet b ₆ and more disposed to the outlet of the heat in the cylinder b ₂ It is constituted by the driving the screw conveyor b ₁ driving mechanism (not shown).
[0009]
Casing C has an outer wall c ₁ which surrounds the outer periphery of the heating cylinder unit B, and the partition wall c ₂ that is inserted between each heating inner cylinder b _2, formed by the above-mentioned outer wall c ₁ and the partition wall c ₂ configuration and hot air passage c _3, exhaust port c ₄ and attached to the upper portion of the outer wall c _1, a fan c ₅ for discharging exhaust gas generated from each heating inner cylinder b _2, the exhaust duct c ₆ with adjustable valve Have been.
[0010]
Hot air generator furnace D includes a hot air generator furnace body d ₂ provided with a burner d _1, it is constituted by a hot air outlet d ₃ and carbides supply port d _4.
[0011]
Cold separator tank E is a sand outlet e _1, and carbides outlet e ₂ that is separated from a carbide feed opening d ₄ above, is constituted by an air supply opening e ₃ for separating cooling.
[0012]
A method for drying and carbonizing hydrated organic waste in the carbonizing furnace configured as described above will be described.
[0013]
Inserted from the hopper b ₄ barns or stables bedding, rice husk, organic waste F such cut grass containing a large amount of sand, it is Okuhito to heat the cylinder b ₂ from the supply port b _5, the screw conveyor It is transferred sequentially downward by b ₁ and the rotary valve _{b 3.}
[0014]
The hot air passage c ₃ in the casing C, and organic waste F of hot air H is the heating inner cylinder b ₂ and distributed toward the hot air discharge port d ₃ of the lower side to the upper side of the exhaust port c ₄ indirectly Because of the heating, the lower part of the plurality of heating inner cylinders b ₂ is heated at a high temperature to form a carbonization treatment zone, and the upper part thereof becomes a drying treatment zone due to a decrease in the temperature of the hot air H. dried while being agitated and transported by a conveyor b _1, is carbonized in a steamed state followed.
[0015]
The product-containing hydrocarbon treated gravel or the like is fed from the discharge port b ₆ to the cooling separation device E, while being cooled by air which is Okuhito from the air supply port e _3, sand or the like which sinks by its own weight Sunahai is discharged from the outlet e ₁ to the outside, light carbides G is recycled is discharged from carbides outlet e _2, that required when there is no heating fuel supplied from the carbide supply port d ₄ in a hot air generating furnace body d ₂ It becomes.
[0016]
Odor gas generated in the heating within the cylinder b ₂ through the exhaust duct c ₆ is sucked into the fan c _5, and is connected switched to flue gas treatment apparatus or a hot air generating furnace body d ₂ side not shown, deodorizing Is done.
[0017]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Control technologies described above, although to improve the drawbacks of the composting process, the heating tube portion mainly composed of a plurality of heating the cylinder b ₂ and the rotary valve b ₃ B and the partition wall c ₂ and the exhaust duct c ₆ strains The structure of the casing C which requires the above is complicated, and there is a problem that the equipment cost increases.
[0018]
In addition, mutual wear between the screw conveyor b ₁ and the inner surface of the heating inner cylinder b ₂ and the wear of the rotary valve b ₃ unavoidable are unavoidable, and odor around the apparatus and carbonization generated from the exhaust port c ₄ are inevitable. A gas odor treatment device is required, which increases equipment costs and maintenance costs.
[0019]
Furthermore, it is difficult to efficiently recover the maximum amount of the fertilizer component contained in the organic waste as an inorganic substance, since no consideration is given to the temperature control required for the carbonization and carbonization equipment.
[0020]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The method for producing a carbonized fertilizer containing a potash component using organic waste as a raw material according to the invention according to claim 1 includes a facility mainly comprising an organic waste receiving / supplying facility, a carbonizing facility, and a deodorizing furnace. Use
A method for producing a carbonized fertilizer containing a potash component from an organic waste, comprising:
Behind the kiln, an organic waste input machine that feeds organic waste installed in the front of the kiln,
An air-cooled discharger that cools the carbonized product connected to the
Kiln, kiln moving part that indirectly heats organic waste inside from the outer periphery with the following high-temperature gas
The deodorizing furnace is equipped with a kiln drive mechanism that drives
It has a capacity to retain a high-temperature gas obtained by thermal decomposition of a dry distillation gas generated in a kiln and a predetermined time.
A heating unit surrounding the kiln body, and a deodorizing unit disposed via a connection to the heating unit.
The body is composed of: a drying burner on the wall of the heating section, an air-cooling blower on the connecting section, and a wall on the deodorizing section.
Deodorizing burners are installed respectively, and at the beginning of operation, dry organic burners
Drying of municipal waste, the carbonization gas generated in the kiln as the temperature of organic waste rises,
The odor generated around the supply equipment is located below the deodorizing furnace by the indentation blower and the odor blower.
Into the deodorizing section, and receives the signal from the deodorizing section exit temperature detector, according to the instruction of the deodorizing temperature controller.
Controls the deodorizing burner and heats the gas while maintaining the temperature in the deodorizing section between 850 and 950 ° C
While decomposing, the high-temperature gas deodorized by this high-temperature combustion is sent to the heating section and
The kiln body is heated indirectly and the inside of the kiln is heated under a steam-rich and reducing atmosphere.
In addition, the rear temperature inside the kiln is detected by the carbonized gas temperature detector provided at the rear of the kiln,
Run controller controls drying burner, air-cooled blower, kiln drive mechanism and organic waste input machine
By keeping the temperature in the kiln at 550 to 650 ° C., the organic waste having a high water content supplied into the kiln is subjected to dry distillation and carbonization.
[0022]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings, using livestock manure as a representative of organic waste.
[0023]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the entire configuration of a facility for converting livestock manure into potash carbonized fertilizer, and FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship of temperature control of main parts.
[0024]
1 and 2, reference numeral 1 denotes a receiving and supplying facility, which includes a receiving tank 11, a human waste system including a charging pump 12 and a charging pipe 13, a receiving hopper 14, and a solid system including a crusher 15 and a charging conveyor 16. It is composed of
[0025]
Reference numeral 2 denotes a carbonization facility, an external heat kiln in which the body is indirectly heated from the outside by a heating unit 31 to be described later, which has a fixed body and a built-in screw conveyor, or a rotary kiln in which only the body is rotated (hereinafter, referred to as a rotary kiln) Both are abbreviated as a kiln.) 21, an input device 22 for feeding the excreta and solid excreta into the front of the kiln 21, and a discharge device for discharging the charcoal generated inside the kiln 21. The air conditioner includes an air-cooled discharger 23 connected to the rear of the kiln 21 and a variable-speed kiln drive mechanism 24 for driving the kiln movable section.
[0026]
Reference numeral 3 denotes a deodorizing furnace having a capacity for retaining the high-temperature gas HG obtained by thermally decomposing the odor around the receiving and supplying facility 1 and the dry distillation gas generated in the kiln 21 for 2 seconds or more, and surrounds the body of the kiln 21. A heating unit 31 and a deodorizing unit 33 disposed below the heating unit 31 via a connecting unit 32 (see FIG. 2) constitute a main body, and a drying burner as a heating burner is provided on a side wall of the heating unit 31. An air-cooling blower 35 (see FIG. 2) as a cooling blower is attached to the connecting portion 32, and a deodorizing burner 36 is attached to a side wall of the deodorizing portion 33.
[0027]
Further, a pipe provided with a push-in blower 37 for sending the dry distillation gas DG (see FIG. 2) generated in the kiln 21 to the deodorizing section 33 is connected to the bottom of the deodorizing section 33 and generated around the receiving and supplying equipment 1. The odor is sucked by the odor blower 38 and sent to the deodorizing burner 36.
[0028]
Reference numeral 4 denotes an exhaust gas treatment facility, which removes dust in the low-temperature gas LG cooled by the gas cooler 41 that cools the high-temperature gas HG (see FIG. 2) discharged from the heating unit 31. A dust collector 42 such as a bag filter, a heater 43 for reheating the clean gas PG after dust removal, a dioxin decomposer or denitrifier 44 using a catalyst or the like, an induction blower 45 and an exhaust pipe 46 are connected by respective pipes. On the other hand, the heated air that has been heat-exchanged with the high-temperature gas HG in the gas cooler 41 by the cooling blower 47 is heated by the heater 43 to prevent the generation of white smoke and then discharged. It is discharged to the cylinder 46.
[0029]
Reference numeral 5 denotes a sorting and storing facility, which includes a carbide transfer means 52 for connecting the discharger 23 and the product conveyor 51, a dust transfer means 53 for connecting the lower part of the dust collector 42 and the product conveyor 51, and a carbide CA and dust. A product hopper 54 for transporting and storing the resulting product by the product conveyor 51, a sorter conveyor 56 for sending the product from the product hopper 54 to the sorter 55, and individually transferring the sorted products. It is composed of a plurality of product transfer conveyors 57, a plurality of product hoppers 58, and their accessories.
[0030]
Next, a method for producing a carbonized fertilizer containing a potash component using the organic waste of the present invention as a raw material, which is performed using the livestock manure carbonization facility configured as described above, will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0031]
The manure EM, which is composed of the human waste system supplied from the receiving tank 11 by the supply pump 12 and the solid system crushed by the crusher 15 and supplied by the input conveyor 16 and to which no auxiliary material or auxiliary material is added, is driven by a driving mechanism 24. Is fed by a charging machine 22 into a kiln 21 operated at an appropriate speed.
[0032]
The outer periphery of the body of the kiln 21 is surrounded by a heating unit 31 located above the deodorizing furnace 3, and at the beginning of the operation, the excrement EM is dried by the drying burner 34.
[0033]
The odor gas, which is a collection of the dry distillation gas DG generated in the kiln 21 due to the temperature rise of the manure EM and the odor generated in the vicinity of the receiving and supplying equipment 1, is sent to the lower part of the deodorization furnace 3 by the push-in blower 37 and the odor blower 38. The deodorizing burner 36 is controlled by the instruction of the deodorizing temperature controller 62 which has been sent into the located deodorizing section 33 and received the signal of the deodorizing section exit temperature detector 61 shown in FIG. Is maintained at 850 to 950 ° C. necessary for odor decomposition, and the odor is heated and decomposed. At the same time, the high-temperature gas HG deodorized by the high-temperature combustion is sent to the heating unit 31 to remove the body of the kiln 21 from outside. Heat indirectly.
[0034]
Due to this indirect heating, the inside of the kiln 21 is heated under a reducing atmosphere of steam rich , the rear temperature inside the kiln 21 is detected by the dry distillation gas temperature detector 63 shown in FIG. By controlling the burner 34, the air-cooling blower 35, the driving mechanism 24, or the charging machine 22, the temperature in the kiln 21 is maintained at 550 to 650 ° C., which is optimal for potassium synthesis.
[0035]
By the above-mentioned temperature control, the fed manure EM is carbonized and gradually carbonized, and the carbide CA is discharged to the discharger 23 from the kiln end.
[0036]
The discharged carbide CA is cooled by the air fed from below the discharger 23 and stored in the product hopper 54 via the product conveyor 51 by the carbide transfer means 52.
[0037]
On the other hand, the high-temperature exhaust gas HG that has finished heating the kiln 21 is sent to a gas cooler 41 and cooled to an appropriate temperature of a dust collector 42 by exchanging heat with normal-temperature air sent from a cooling blower 47 to collect dust. After the dust contained in the low-temperature gas LG is removed by the heater 42, reheat exchange is performed with the high-temperature air after the heat exchange in the heater 43, and the temperature is raised again to an appropriate temperature of the dioxin decomposing device and the denitration device 44, thereby inducing. The air is sucked by the blower 45 and discharged from the exhaust pipe 46 into the atmosphere.
[0038]
The dust removed by the dust collector 42 is sent to the product hopper 54 by the dust transfer means 53, and in the sorter 55 together with the above-described carbide CA, the powdery product / granulated product / The products are sorted into granular products and stored in respective product hoppers 58.
[0039]
By carrying out the above-mentioned carbonization method, the volatile matter in the organic waste is sent to the deodorizing furnace 3 as the carbonization gas DG to be deodorized, but the remaining carbonized matter is mainly contained in the remaining carbonized matter. As shown in Tables 1 and 2, it can be seen that a large amount of fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium are present.
[0040]
[Table 1]

[0041]
[Table 2]

[0042]
In Tables 1 and 2, the various components of the fermented product were obtained by simply fermenting livestock waste, and the various components of the carbide were obtained by drying and carbonizing according to the present invention. This shows that the ratio of the potash content and the phosphoric acid content is dramatically improved.
[0043]
The experimental results when the drying and carbonization treatment is performed according to the present invention are based on the fact that the temperature in the kiln 21 is controlled to 600 ± 50 ° C., which is the optimum temperature for potassium synthesis.
[0044]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the method for producing a carbonized fertilizer containing a potash component using the organic waste of the present invention as a raw material, the organic waste supplied into the carbonization facility is reduced in a reducing atmosphere at a steam location. It is a carbonization treatment method of preventing ignition during the carbonization step by supplying to the kiln in a state and indirectly heating it. Potassium with high fertilizer effect can be collected efficiently.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the entire configuration of a facility for converting potash and the like into livestock manure in which the method for producing a potash and the like from organic waste according to the present invention is performed.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a relationship of temperature control of a main part.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an apparatus showing an example of measures of the conventional composting technology.
[Explanation of symbols]
2 Carbonization equipment 21 Kiln 3 Deodorizing furnace 34 Dry burner (heating burner)
35 Air-cooled blower (cooling blower)
36 Deodorizing burner CA Carbide DG Carbonized gas EM Manure (organic waste)

Claims (1)

Mainly composed of organic waste receiving and supplying equipment, carbonization equipment, and deodorizing furnace
This is a method for producing carbonized fertilizer containing potassium component using organic waste as a raw material, using equipment.
hand,
The carbonization facility is equipped with an organic waste input machine,
An air-cooled discharger that cools the carbonized product connected to the rear of the rune, and a heating section that surrounds the body
Kilns and kilns that indirectly heat the organic waste inside from the outer periphery by the following high-temperature gas sent in
It consists of a kiln drive mechanism that drives the
Deodorizing furnace heats the odor generated around the receiving and supplying equipment and the carbonized gas generated inside the kiln
Having a volume for retaining the decomposed high-temperature gas for a predetermined time,
A heating unit surrounding the kiln body,
The main body is composed of a deodorizing section arranged via a connecting section in the heating section,
Drying burner on heating section wall, air cooling blower on connecting section, deodorizing burner on deodorizing section wall.
Each is attached,
At the beginning of the operation, the organic waste in the kiln is dried by a drying burner to raise the organic waste.
The carbonized gas generated in the kiln due to the temperature and the odor generated around the receiving and supplying equipment are pushed in.
It is sent into the deodorizing section located below the deodorizing furnace by the blower and the odor blower,
Controls the deodorizing burner according to the instruction of the deodorizing temperature controller that receives the signal from the deodorizing section exit temperature detector
Then, while maintaining the temperature in the deodorizing section between 850 to 950 ° C. to heat decompose the gas,
The high-temperature gas deodorized by this high-temperature combustion is sent to the heating section, and the body of the kiln is indirectly connected from outside.
Heating, the temperature inside the kiln is raised under a steam-rich and reducing atmosphere,
Furthermore, the temperature inside the kiln is detected by the carbonization gas temperature detector installed at the rear of the kiln.
, Kiln controller, drying burner, air-cooled blower, kiln drive mechanism, organic waste input machine
Controlling and maintaining the temperature in the kiln at 550 to 650 ° C., thereby subjecting the high-moisture-content organic waste supplied into the kiln to dry distillation and carbonization. A method for producing a carbonized fertilizer containing a potash component.

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