WO2014208719A1

WO2014208719A1 - Power generation device and reuse system for livestock dung including cow dung

Info

Publication number: WO2014208719A1
Application number: PCT/JP2014/067148
Authority: WO
Inventors: 唯永小森
Original assignee: 日本家畜貿易株式会社
Priority date: 2013-06-28
Filing date: 2014-06-27
Publication date: 2014-12-31

Abstract

In order to reduce initial costs and running costs for the installation of a power generation device to thereby reduce power charges, a power generation device is provided with at least a combustion unit (1) which has a primary combustion part (1a) and a secondary combustion part (1b) both for burning biomass fuel (B) obtained by fully fermenting livestock dung including cow dung by aerobic fermentation, a boiler (2) which generates steam by combustion heat from the combustion unit (1), and a power generator (3) which has a turbine (3a) that is rotated by the steam from the boiler (2), and generates power by the rotation of the turbine (3a).

Description

System for reusing livestock manure including power generation equipment and cattle manure

The present invention relates to a power generation apparatus, and more particularly to a power generation apparatus that generates power using biomass fuel containing livestock droppings and a system for reusing livestock droppings including cow dung.

A power generation device that generates electricity using biomass fuel containing livestock manure is a gasifier that pyrolyzes biomass that contains livestock manure, and a reformer that reforms the pyrolysis gas obtained from the gasifier. A gasification power generation device comprising a series of device groups including a quality furnace, a harmful component removal device for purifying the reformed gas obtained in the reforming furnace, and a power generation device that generates power using the obtained purified gas as fuel It is known (see Patent Document 1).

JP 2009-228958 A

According to the prior art of Patent Document 1, it is possible to reduce the cost of chemicals such as caustic soda in the gas refining apparatus, and to make the reforming furnace, the reformed gas processing apparatus and the refining apparatus downstream, more compact, and further improved. The oxygen supply amount in the quality furnace can be reduced.

However, in the prior art of Patent Document 1, many components such as the gasification furnace, the reforming furnace, and the harmful component removal device described above are required to obtain purified gas as a fuel. In addition to the complexity, there is a problem that the manufacturing cost and maintenance cost of the power generation device are increased, and the initial cost and running cost for installing the power generation device are increased due to the manufacturing cost and the maintenance cost.

Then, the initial cost and running cost in installing the power generation device are converted into the purified gas, which increases the price of the purified gas and increases the power charge in proportion to the price of the purified gas. There was a problem that.

The present invention is an example of a problem to deal with such a problem. That is, the purpose of the present invention is to simplify the power generation device and reduce the production cost, maintenance cost, and commercial power charge of the power generation device, thereby reducing the initial cost and running cost in the installation and power generation of the power generation device. is there.

In order to achieve such an object, the present invention includes at least the following configuration.

At least a combustion apparatus having a primary combustion section and a secondary combustion section for burning biomass fuel obtained by fully fermenting livestock feces including cow dung by aerobic fermentation, and a boiler for generating steam by combustion heat from the combustion apparatus, A power generator including a turbine that is rotated by steam of the boiler, and a generator that generates electric power by rotation of the turbine.

The power generation device, a livestock dropping unit, a fuel manufacturing unit that manufactures biomass fuel from the livestock droppings, and a heat sending unit that sends heat using steam from the boiler as a heat source to the fuel manufacturing unit, It is the reuse system of livestock droppings including the cow droppings characterized by having.

Further, the present invention is a system for reusing livestock droppings including cow dung, characterized in that it comprises a transfer section for transferring the biomass fuel manufactured by the fuel manufacturing section to the combustion device.

A recycle system for livestock droppings including cow dung, characterized by accumulating combustion ash generated by the combustion unit in the above-described power generator as fertilizer.

It is a schematic structure figure showing an example of a reuse system provided with a power generator of an embodiment concerning the present invention. It is a whole lineblock diagram showing an example of a reuse system of an embodiment concerning the present invention.

Hereinafter, the power generation apparatus A according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described based on FIG. 1 and the reuse system S will be described based on FIG. 1 and FIG. In addition, embodiment illustrated below does not limit this invention.

The power generation apparatus A includes a combustion apparatus 1 having a primary combustion section 1a and a secondary combustion section 1b, a boiler 2 that generates steam by combustion heat from the combustion apparatus 1, and a turbine 3a that is rotated by the steam of the boiler 2, And a generator 3 that generates electricity by the rotation of the turbine 3a.

The fuel of the combustion apparatus 1 is biomass fuel B formed by solidifying fermented livestock feces including cattle feces by aerobic fermentation.

This biomass fuel B significantly reduces ammonia nitrogen by decomposing readily decomposable organic matter by aerobic microorganisms from livestock feces including cattle feces, thereby extremely reducing malodours peculiar to livestock feces. .

Biomass fuel B is not limited to a solidified material, but also includes a powdery or granular material before solidified.

Livestock manure including cow dung, which is a raw material for biomass fuel B, is generated in large quantities in livestock breeding, and is the most labor intensive for livestock farmers, so it is easily available as a raw material for biomass fuel. In addition, the cost of obtaining the raw material can be extremely low.

The above-mentioned livestock droppings include pig droppings, chicken droppings, goat droppings, sheep droppings, horse droppings, etc. in addition to cow droppings. In particular, cow dung is suitable as a main raw material for biomass fuel because it contains a large amount of phosphorus and potassium as raw materials for fertilizers.

This biomass fuel B may be mixed with plant substances such as lignin and cellulose. The lignin and cellulose are hardly decomposable organic substances, and the animal feces are likely to remain even after the complete fermentation of the easily decomposable organic substances by aerobic fermentation.

That is, such a plant substance can function as an igniter during the combustion of the biomass fuel B, and within the biomass fuel B, between the portion where the livestock feces are solidified and the plant substance. The generated gap can be used as a ventilation space for air necessary for combustion or an air layer for accumulating air, and can function as a connecting material for connecting livestock excrement when solidifying.

Examples of the plant substances include bark crush chips, wood crush chips, sawdust, rice straw, straw, rice husk, wheat husk, and bean husk.

Since such plant substances are generated in large quantities at the time of lumbering or at the time of harvesting agricultural products, they can be easily obtained as a raw material for biomass fuel B, and the raw material acquisition cost can be extremely low.

In addition, crushed chips of bark, crushed chips of wood, sawdust, rice straw, straw, rice husk, wheat husk, bean husk etc. contain a lot of lignin and cellulose, which is suitable as a plant material used for biomass fuel B It is a thing.

In addition, the aforementioned bark crushing chips, wood crushing chips, sawdust, rice straw, straw, and rice husks are used in the litter used in livestock houses, and the old litter discharged when replacing this litter is planted. It can also be used as a sex substance.

Combustion ash B1 generated after combustion of such biomass fuel B has a low content of nitrate nitrogen, while it contains a large amount of phosphorus and potassium, and can suppress adverse environmental effects. It is extremely useful as a fertilizer rich in nutrition.

Biomass fuel B may be one using only cow dung, or may not be mixed with plant substances.

The combustion apparatus 1 has a combustion furnace 10 in which a primary combustion section 1a and a secondary combustion section 1b are secured.

The combustion furnace 10 includes a fuel supply unit 11 that supplies the biomass fuel B to the combustion furnace 10, an ignition unit 12 that ignites the supplied biomass fuel B, and an air supply that supplies combustion air into the combustion furnace 10. Part 13 is provided.

The fuel supply unit 11 can use a screw conveyor. The ignition unit 12 can use a burner that injects a flame with liquid fuel or gaseous fuel. The air supply unit 13 is configured to eject combustion air while swirling.

In addition, a rooster 1c is placed on the bottom 10a side of the combustion furnace 10, and biomass fuel B is dropped and deposited on the rooster 1c from the fuel supply unit 11, and the ignition unit 12 ignites in this state. The biomass fuel B is burned.

The primary combustion part 1a is set on the rooster 1c, and is made to generate the combustion gas containing a combustible gas by burning the biomass fuel B deposited on the rooster 1c.

The combustible gas generated in the primary combustion section 1a is ignited and burned by the flame from the burning biomass fuel B.

The secondary combustion unit 1b is secured downstream of the fuel supply unit 11 provided above the primary combustion unit 1a, temporarily stores the biomass fuel B sent from the fuel supply unit 11, and this biomass fuel B Is ignited by the flame caused by the combustion of the aforementioned combustible gas.

The biomass fuel B ignited in the secondary combustion unit 1b is pushed out by the biomass fuel B continuously sent from the fuel supply unit 11, and then falls and accumulates on the rooster 1c. The biomass fuel B combusted in the primary combustion section 1a is integrated with the fuel and burned.

Between the lower surface of the rooster 1c and the bottom portion 10a, a storage space 1d for the combustion ash B1 is secured, and the combustion ash B1 after the combustion of the biomass fuel B falls into the storage space 1d from the through hole of the rooster 1c and is stored. It has come to be.

The combustion ash B1 stored in the storage space 1d can be taken out and collected together and reused as fertilizer as described above.

The boiler 2 is connected to an exhaust port 1e provided on the ceiling side of the combustion apparatus 1 by piping, and is supplied with combustion gas (combustion heat) generated in the combustion apparatus 1 and heats the combustion gas as a heat source. Steam is generated by replacement.

It is preferable to provide a filter (not shown) for removing dust, ash, etc. contained in the combustion gas supplied to the boiler 2 in the exhaust passage 1e or the boiler 2 or a piping passage extending between the exhaust port 1e and the boiler 2.

The generator 3 is connected to the steam outlet 2a of the boiler 2 through a pipe, and generates electricity when the turbine 3a is rotated by the momentum of steam supplied from the boiler 2.

A portion of the steam supplied to the generator 3 can be used as a heat source for air conditioning of houses, livestock houses, and greenhouses (not shown). The whole can also be used as a heat source used for air conditioning of houses, barns, and greenhouses (not shown).

According to such a power generation device A, the primary combustion unit 1a and the secondary combustion unit 1b of the combustion device 1 burns the livestock feces including the cattle feces and the biomass fuel B made of plant matter as described above, thereby efficiently. High temperature combustion gas can be generated.

Then, the boiler 2 supplied with the combustion gas generated by the combustion device 1 generates steam by the heat of the combustion gas, and the generator 3 generates power by the rotation of the turbine 3a by the force of the steam, and the generated power is The power can be sold to an electric power company through a transmission line (not shown) and a substation (not shown), and can also be used as electric power necessary for a house, a barn, a greenhouse, and the like.

In addition, since the combustion ash B1 after combustion of the biomass fuel B by the combustion device 1 can be used as fertilizer, the power generation device A can generate electricity using the biomass fuel B as fuel by taking out and accumulating the combustion ash B1. At the same time, it also functions as a recycling system S for biomass fuel B capable of producing fertilizer and a fertilizer manufacturing apparatus.

Therefore, the power generation apparatus A uses the combustion gas of the biomass fuel B as a heat source for directly generating the steam of the boiler 2, so that many components such as a gasification furnace, a reforming furnace, and a harmful component removal apparatus are unnecessary. Therefore, the power generator A can be simplified.

And, by simplifying the power generator A, the manufacturing cost and maintenance cost of the power generator A can be reduced.

That is, the power generation apparatus A can be provided at a low cost, and the initial cost and running cost for installing the power generation apparatus A can be reduced, thereby reducing the commercial power charge.

Furthermore, since the power generation apparatus A generates power by burning the biomass fuel B made of livestock excrement or plant matter, the fuel cost in power generation can be reduced, thereby reducing the power generation cost and commercial power consumption. Electricity charges can be reduced.

Moreover, the combustion ash B1 after combustion of the biomass fuel B generated during power generation by the power generation apparatus A can be reused as fertilizer.

Therefore, the livestock excrement and the plant substance can be effectively used as the biomass fuel B that generates electric energy, and the power generation apparatus A and the biomass fuel B that can use the combustion ash B1 after the combustion of the biomass fuel B as a fertilizer A reuse system S can be provided.

And since it can be performed by reusing the livestock excrement and plant substances that adversely affect the surrounding environment as biomass fuel B, it can greatly contribute to the preservation of the surrounding environment, and in various farmers including livestock farmers It is possible to provide a power generation apparatus A and a biomass fuel B reuse system S that can greatly reduce the burden of processing livestock excrement and plant matter, which has been a major problem.

Next, the reuse system S provided with the power generation device A will be described with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG.

As shown in FIG. 2, the reuse system S produces biomass fuel B by aerobic fermentation of the aforementioned power generation device A and livestock feces and adjusting the moisture of the fermented fully fertilized manure (drying the fully fertilized manure). And a heat delivery section 5 for delivering the heat of steam generated in the boiler 2 to the generator 3 and the fuel production section 4, and these are arranged in the building H.

The building H is provided with an entrance H10, a plurality of intake ventilation fans H11, a plurality of exhaust ventilation fans H12, and the like on the wall surface H1.

The heat delivery unit 5 generates a hot air using a pipe part 50 piped from the boiler 2 to the generator 3 and the blower 52, a steam header 51 that opens and closes the pipe part 50, and steam from the boiler 2 as a heat source. A blower 52 and a blower pipe 53 that blows warm air from the blower 52 into the fuel production unit 4 are provided, and steam generated in the boiler 2 is sent to the generator 3 and the blower 52 via the steam header 51. Has been.

The fuel production unit 4 heats with the heat of steam from the boiler 2 to produce a fully fertilized manure by aerobic fermentation of livestock manure, and a biomass fuel B by adjusting the water content of the fully matured manure. Has been.

Fermentation heat is generated in livestock manure during fermentation, and fermentation is promoted by this heat of fermentation. However, in seasons and regions where the outside air temperature is low, the heat of fermentation is cooled by the outside air temperature, which reduces the efficiency of aerobic fermentation. In addition, in seasons and regions where the outside air temperature is low, the efficiency of moisture adjustment for fully matured manure will be reduced.

For this reason, the heat | fever instead of fermentation heat can be used for aerobic fermentation of livestock droppings by making it act on the livestock droppings of the fuel manufacturing part 4 by using the heat | fever of the steam from the boiler 2 as a heat source, and, thereby, external temperature Even in low seasons and areas, aerobic fermentation of livestock feces can be performed efficiently.

In addition, by using the heat of the steam from the boiler 2 as a heat source to act on the fully matured manure, the moisture of the fully matured manure can be adjusted efficiently.

The fuel production unit 4 is provided with a pit 40 which is a space in which livestock excrement is accumulated and aerobic fermented livestock excrement into fully fertilized manure, and moisture adjustment of the fully fertilized fertilizer is provided. It is arranged. That is, the warm air blown from the blower pipe 53 is applied to livestock feces to promote aerobic fermentation and to act on the fully matured manure to adjust the moisture of the fully matured manure.

The fuel production unit 4 is equipped with an agitator (not shown) such as a screw that performs aerobic fermentation efficiently by agitating livestock feces and efficiently adjusts moisture by agitating fully matured manure. ) May be provided.

A plurality of air pipes 53 are connected to the air blower 52, and a plurality of air holes 53 are arranged on the floor surface 40a of the pit 40 so as to cover almost the entire surface of the floor surface 40a. The warm air from the blower 52 is ejected from 53a.

Biomass fuel B produced by the fuel production unit 4 is stored in a fuel storage 6 adjacent to the fuel production unit 4, and is conveyed from the fuel storage 6 to the combustion device 1 via the conveyance unit 60. ing.

The transport unit 60 receives the conveyor 60a provided from the fuel storage 6 to the outside of the fuel storage 6 and the biomass fuel B transported by the conveyor 60a, and transports the received biomass fuel B to the fuel supply unit 11. A biomass fuel B stored in the fuel storage 6 can be conveyed to the combustion device 1.

The conveyor 60b is provided so as to receive the biomass fuel B conveyed from the conveyor 60a and convey it downstream, and to extend from the downstream side of the belt conveyor 60b1 to the fuel supply unit 11, and from the belt conveyor 60b1 to the biomass fuel B And a screw conveyor 60b2 for conveying the fuel to the fuel supply unit 11.

Such a conveyance part 60 is controlled so that the conveyance speed to the fuel supply part 11 becomes the same as the fuel supply speed by the fuel supply part 11, and the biomass to the fuel supply part 11 is controlled by such control. The fuel B can be transported without excess or deficiency.

Therefore, clogging of the fuel supply unit 11 due to excessive conveyance to the fuel supply unit 11 can be prevented, and insufficient conveyance to the fuel supply unit 11 can be prevented, so that a necessary amount of biomass fuel B is burned. The gas can be supplied to the apparatus 1, whereby the combustion gas can be generated efficiently and reliably.

A water supply tank 7 is connected to the boiler 2, and water serving as a raw material for steam is supplied from the water supply tank 7.

The water supply tank 7 is provided with a drain pipe 70 that drains and collects water, which is obtained by cooling the steam that has passed through the generator 3 and the blower 52, into the water supply tank 7. Thus, water can be used without waste.

The water supply tank 7 is connected to a water replenishment section (water supply or well water) 71 for replenishing water so that the water supply tank 7 can be replenished with water.

The water supply operation by the water supply unit 71 is provided with a water amount sensor (not shown) in the water supply tank 7, and the water amount sensor detects the amount of water in the water supply tank 7, and the detected water amount is a preset water amount. In some cases, the water supply operation of the water supply unit 71 is started, and the water supply operation of the water supply unit 71 is automatically stopped when the detected water amount exceeds the preset water amount. It is preferable.

As another form of the water supply operation by the water supply unit 71, a water amount sensor (not shown) is provided in the water supply tank 7, the amount of water in the water supply tank 7 is detected by this water amount sensor, When the amount of water is set, guidance may be provided by voice such as a buzzer, and the operator may manually perform the water supply operation of the water supply unit 71 based on the voice guidance.

Then, when the detected water amount exceeds the preset water amount, the voice guidance is stopped, and the operator manually operates the water supply unit 71 to stop the water supply operation based on the stop of the voice guidance. To do.

The combustion apparatus 1 is provided with a combustion ash discharge apparatus 8 including a storage tank 80 that stores combustion ash B1 that can be used as fertilizer, and a conveyor 81 that conveys the combustion ash in the combustion apparatus 1 to the storage tank 80. .

The combustion ash discharge device 8 is configured to receive the combustion ash B1 from which the conveyor 81 falls into the storage space 1d, and to convey the combustion ash B1 to the storage tank 80 disposed outside the storage space 1d.

The storage tank 80 includes wheels 80a and is configured to be movable by the wheels 80a so that the stored combustion ash B1 can be transported.

Next, a series of operations of the reuse system S will be described. In the operation described here, at the beginning of the operation of the reuse system S, power generation and production of the biomass fuel B are performed using the biomass fuel B stored in the fuel storage 6.

First, after dropping livestock dung into the fuel production unit 4, the biomass fuel B is introduced into the combustion device 1 from the fuel storage 6 via the transport unit 60 and burned, and the boiler 2 is operated by this combustion heat. Make steam.

Steam from the boiler 2 is sent to the generator 3 via the steam header 51 and rotates the turbine 3a of the generator 3. The generator 3 generates electric power by the rotation of the turbine 3a, and the generated electric power is the electric power of various electric facilities of the reuse system S (the pump of the water supply tank 7, the blower 52, the transport unit 60, illumination (not shown), etc.). Used as electric power for various electrical facilities in other places.

Moreover, the steam from the boiler 2 is sent to the blower 52 through the steam header 51 and heats the air sucked by the blower 52, so that the blower 52 can generate hot air.

The hot air generated in the blower 52 is sent to the blower pipe 53 and blown from the blower hole 53a to the pit 40, and directly acts on the livestock feces accumulated in the pit 40. While promoting aerobic fermentation, the moisture adjustment of the manufactured mature fertilizer is performed, and the biomass fuel B is manufactured.

The produced biomass fuel B is stored in the fuel storage 6 and is transported from the fuel storage 6 to the combustion device 1 via the transport 60 and burned.

The biomass fuel B produced here is used as a raw material for pellets obtained by processing the biomass fuel B, in addition to being used for power generation of the reuse system S and as a heat source fuel for producing the biomass fuel B. And can be used as a fuel such as a stove that can burn the biomass fuel B.

That is, the reuse system S can generate power using biomass fuel B produced from livestock droppings as a fuel, and can also produce biomass fuel B using livestock droppings as a raw material, and also uses this biomass fuel B as fuel. Steam can be generated and used for power generation and biomass fuel B production.

Therefore, according to the reuse system S, it is possible to reduce the initial cost and the running cost in installing the power generation apparatus A and to reduce the power charge, and to use the biomass fuel B as the fuel for the power generation apparatus A from livestock dung. While being able to produce, while producing biomass fuel B, this biomass fuel B can be generated as fuel.

Moreover, since the heat required for aerobic fermentation of livestock manure and moisture adjustment of fully matured manure can be covered by steam generated from the combustion gas burned using biomass fuel B as fuel, the amount of commercial power used can be reduced. This makes it possible to reduce the fuel cost for power generation and production of the biomass fuel B, and to reduce the commercial power charge.

In addition, since the combustion ash B1 of the biomass fuel B burned by the combustion device 1 can be taken out and transported, the combustion ash B1 as a fertilizer can be easily accumulated.

A: Power generation apparatus B: Biomass fuel 1: Combustion apparatus 1a: Primary combustion section 1b: Secondary combustion section 2: Boiler 3a: Turbine 3: Generator 4: Fuel production section 5: Heat delivery section 60: Conveyance section S: Re Usage system

Claims

At least a combustion apparatus having a primary combustion section and a secondary combustion section for burning biomass fuel obtained by fully fermenting livestock feces including cow dung by aerobic fermentation;
A boiler that generates steam by heat of combustion by the combustion device;
A generator that has a turbine that is rotated by steam of the boiler, and that generates electricity by rotation of the turbine;
A power generator with
The power generation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a livestock dropping is input, a fuel manufacturing unit that manufactures biomass fuel from the livestock droppings, and a heat transmission that sends heat using steam of the boiler as a heat source to the fuel manufacturing unit A system for reusing livestock droppings including cow dung characterized by comprising:
The system for reusing livestock droppings including cow dung according to claim 2, further comprising a transfer section for transferring the biomass fuel manufactured by the fuel manufacturing section to the combustion device.
The system for reusing livestock droppings including cow dung according to claim 2 or 3, wherein combustion ash generated in a combustion unit in the power generation device is accumulated as fertilizer.