JP3785030B2 - Tunnel excavator - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a cutter exchanging method for excavating a tunnel excavator for exchanging roller cutters, cutter bits and the like provided in the tunnel excavator, and to tunnel excavating machines such as a tunnel boring machine and a shield machine.
[0002]
[Prior art]
For example, in a shield excavator, a cutter-shaped cutter head that can be driven and rotated is rotatably mounted on the front part of a cylindrical excavator body, and a number of cutter bits are attached to the cutter head, while the cutter head is attached to the rear part. Is equipped with a large number of shield jacks for advancing the excavator body and an erector device for assembling segments on the inner wall surface of the existing tunnel. Therefore, when the shield jack is extended while rotating the cutter head, the excavator body moves forward with the excavation reaction force from the existing segment, and each cutter bit can excavate the ground in front and form a tunnel. .
[0003]
By the way, in recent years, the tunnel has a tendency to increase the distance, and the cutter bit attached to the cutter head is worn during tunnel excavation work. When this cutter bit is worn out, the excavation efficiency of the ground is lowered. Therefore, excavation work must be stopped and each worn bit must be replaced.
[0004]
Conventionally, this cutter bit has been replaced by solidifying and improving the front ground by injecting chemical solution or freezing, etc., excavating to this ground improvement point and then moving backward to discharge all the excavated sediment in the chamber. The cutter bit was replaced in front of the head or in the chamber.
[0005]
In addition, the cutter bit can be replaced from the rear of the cutter head, and an operator enters the cutter head to perform the cutter bit replacement operation.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when the operator replaces the cutter bit outside the machine, it is uneconomical due to the cost of the chemicals used to improve the ground, and it takes a long time to work. Not good. In addition, the worker works in a narrow space such as the front of the cutter head or in the chamber, and there is a problem that the burden on the worker increases because it becomes inconvenient.
[0007]
In addition, when the cutter bit is exchanged by the operator entering the cutter head, a room for the operator to enter and perform the exchange operation at the rear of the cutter head must be provided, which requires a larger cutter head. There are problems that the above driving force is required and the excavation efficiency is lowered.
[0008]
The present invention solves such a problem. The cutter can be easily replaced in a short time, and the burden on the operator can be reduced to improve safety, and the apparatus can be reduced in size and weight. It is another object of the present invention to provide a cutter exchanging method and a tunnel excavator which are simplified.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, a tunnel excavator according to the first aspect of the present invention includes a tubular excavator main body, a propulsion jack for advancing the excavator main body, and a drive rotation at a front portion of the excavator main body. A cutter head mounted; a cutter pork having a cylindrical shape and having an opening formed in a front portion thereof and radially provided in the front portion of the cutter head; a cutter mounted in the cutter pork; and the cutter A cutter retracting means movable to a storage position in the cutter pork and a projecting position to the outside from the opening of the cutter pork, a cutter reversing means capable of reversing by rotating the cutter back and forth, and the cutter Opening / closing means that can open and close the opening of the spoke, and cutter movement that can move the cutter to a storage position in the cutter spoke and a center portion of the cutter head or a replacement position of the support portion. And means, the longitudinal mobile said opening and closing means, a conforming opening to the opening of the cutter spokes and inner cylinder which is rotatably supported in the cutter spokes, in the inner cylinder The movable body is supported so as to be movable in the direction, and the cutter is mounted on the movable body.
[0012]
Further, in the tunnel excavator according to the invention of claim 2, the cutter protruding and retracting means is a hydraulic jack, and the cutter can be protruded and retracted by the hydraulic jack when the respective openings of the cutter pork and the inner cylinder are fitted. It is characterized by that.
[0013]
The tunnel excavator of the invention of claim 3 is characterized in that a plurality of movable bodies connected to each other in the inner cylinder are movably supported, and the cutters are mounted on the respective movable bodies.
[0014]
The tunnel excavator of the invention of claim 4 is characterized in that a cutter exchange chamber is provided at the center or support portion of the cutter head, and one end of the cutter pork communicates with the cutter exchange chamber.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
[0016]
1 is a schematic cross-section of a shield excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a front view of the shield excavator, FIG. 3 is a cross-section of a tip portion of a catus pork, FIG. 4 is a IV-IV cross-section of FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the base end portion of the cutter pork representing the cutter bit reversing operation, FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line VI-VI of FIG. 5, FIG. The main part cross section of the cutter head showing a cutter bit exchange operation is shown.
[0017]
In the shield excavator of this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the excavator main body 11 includes a cylindrical front cylinder 11a and a rear cylinder 11b that are connected to each other by a spherical bearing 12 so as to be freely bent. The folding jack 13 can be bent. A cutter head 15 is rotatably mounted by a bearing 14 on the front portion of the front barrel 11a of the excavator body 11. A ring gear 16 is fixed to the rear portion of the cutter head 15, and a turning motor 17 is attached to the front body 11 a, and a drive gear 18 of the turning motor 17 is engaged with the ring gear 16. Accordingly, when the turning motor 17 is driven to drive the drive gear 18 to rotate, the cutter head 15 can be rotated via the ring gear 16.
[0018]
Further, a bulkhead 19 is attached to the front cylinder 11 a behind the cutter head 15, and a chamber 20 is formed between the cutter head 15 and the bulkhead 19. A screw conveyor 21 is disposed in the excavator body 11, a front end portion communicates with the chamber 20, and a rear end portion extends outside the excavator body 11.
[0019]
On the other hand, a plurality of shield jacks 22 are juxtaposed along the circumferential direction in the front inner periphery of the rear trunk 11b of the excavator main body 11, and the inner circumferential surface of the tunnel that the shield jack 22 extends and digs backward in the digging direction. The excavator body 11 can be moved forward by the reaction force by pressing against the existing segment S constructed in the above. Further, a swiveling ring 24 can be swiveled by a support member 23 and can be swiveled by a driving motor 25 on the rear barrel 11b, and an erector device 25 for assembling the segment S is mounted on the swiveling ring 24.
[0020]
By the way, in this embodiment, a large number of cutter bits are mounted on the cutter head 15 described above. When the cutter bits are worn, the worn cutter bits are accommodated and inverted to serve as support portions for the cutter head 15. It moves to the center and can be replaced with a new cutter bit.
[0021]
In other words, the cutter head 15 is configured such that a plurality of (six in this embodiment) cutter spokes 32 are radially attached from the rotating cylinder 31 at the center, and the tip end is connected by the outer peripheral ring 33. A leading cutter bit 34 is fixed to the front surface portion of the rotating cylinder 31, and an opening formed in the rear surface portion is closed by a gate 35. The cutter pork 32 has a cylindrical shape, and fixed cutter bits 36 are fixed on both sides along the radial direction. In addition, at the center of the cutter pork 32, every other fixed cutter bit 37 and exchangeable cutter bit 38 are provided along the radial direction. The three cutter porks 32 are provided with copy cutters 39 that can be projected and retracted from the opening 40.
[0022]
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, in the exchangeable cutter bit 38, an inner cylinder 41 as an opening / closing means is rotatably fitted in the cutter pork 32. A matching opening 42 is formed. A housing 43 as a moving body is supported in the inner cylinder 42 so as to be movable along the longitudinal direction (the radial direction of the cutter head 15). A plurality of cases 44 are formed in the housing 43, and a hydraulic jack 45 as a cutter protruding and retracting means is mounted in each case 44, and a replaceable cutter bit 38 is detachably mounted at the tip of the movable jack 46. Yes. Further, a rotation locking body 47 having a hexagonal portion 47a is detachably provided at the base end portion of the inner cylinder 41, and this rotation locking body 47 is normally attached to the cutter head 15 by a fastening member (not shown). Thus, the inner cylinder 41 cannot be rotated.
[0023]
Therefore, when the moving rod 46 is extended by the hydraulic jack 45 in a state in which the opening 42 of the inner cylinder 41 is fitted to the opening 40 of the cutter pork 32, the exchangeable cutter bit 38 is moved in front of the cutter head 15 from the cutter pork 32. It protrudes, and the ground in front can be excavated by the rotation of the cutter head 15. On the other hand, when the moving rod 46 is contracted by the hydraulic jack 45, the exchangeable cutter bit 38 can be accommodated in the cutter spoke 32.
[0024]
Then, when the replaceable cutter bit 38 is in the storage position in the cutter pork 32, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the fastening member is removed to release the fixing of the rotation locking body 47 to the cutter head 15. The hexagonal hole 48a of the auxiliary rotation plate 48 can be fitted into the hexagonal portion 47a of the rotation locking body 47. Therefore, the reversing jack 49 as the cutter reversing means is mounted on the cutter head 15, the drive rod 50 is expanded and contracted, the rotation auxiliary plate 48 is rotated via the protrusion 48 b, and the inner cylinder is interposed via the rotation locking body 47. By rotating 41, the exchangeable cutter bit 38 accommodated in the cutter pork 32 can be reversed and directed rearward, and the opening 40 of the cutter pork 32 can be closed by the inner cylinder 41. .
[0025]
Further, when the exchangeable cutter bit 38 faces rearward at the storage position in the cutter pork 32, as shown in FIG. 7, a pair of moving jacks 51 as cutter moving means are attached to the cutter head 15 to drive each drive. When the rod 52 is extended into the inner cylinder 41 and the driving rod 52 is contracted by the moving jack 51 in a state where the distal end portion is connected to the housing 43, the housing 43 is moved to the center portion side of the cutter head 15 and driven. By changing the connecting portion between the rod 52 and the housing 43 and repeatedly extending and retracting the movable jack 51, the exchangeable cutter bit 38 can be drawn into the rotating cylinder 31 serving as a cutter exchange chamber and exchanged.
[0026]
Here, the tunnel excavation work by the tunnel excavator of the present embodiment configured as described above and the exchanging work of the cutter bit will be described.
[0027]
In order to form a tunnel by excavation, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the cutter head 15 is not rotated by the turning motor 17, but a plurality of shield jacks 22 are extended to excavate by pressing reaction force against the existing segment S. By moving the machine body 11 forward, the ground in front is excavated by a number of cutter bits 34, 36, 37, 38. Then, the excavated earth and sand are taken into the chamber 20 and discharged to the outside by the screw conveyor 21. Next, any one of the shield jacks 22 is operated in the contracting direction to form a space with the existing segment S, and the new segment S is mounted in this space by the erector device 25. By repeating this operation, a tunnel having a predetermined length is excavated and formed.
[0028]
When such tunnel excavation work is performed over a long period of time, the cutter bits 34, 36, 37, and 38 are worn and the excavation capability is reduced, so that replacement is necessary. That is, first, as shown in the solid line of FIG. 3 and FIG. 4A, the movable rod 46 is contracted by each hydraulic jack 45 in a state where the rotation of the cutter head 15 is stopped, and the two-dot chain line and FIG. As shown in 4 (b), the exchangeable cutter bit 38 is accommodated in the cutter pork 32.
[0029]
Next, as shown in FIGS. 4C, 5, and 6, the gate 35 is removed, the operator enters the rotary cylinder 31, the fastening member is removed, and the rotary locking body 47 is attached to the cutter head 15. The fixing is released, and the hexagonal hole 48 a of the rotation auxiliary plate 48 is fitted into the hexagonal portion 47 a of the rotation locking body 47, and the reverse jack 49 is attached to the cutter head 15. In this state, the drive rod 50 of the reversing jack 49 is expanded and contracted to rotate the rotation auxiliary plate 48 by a predetermined angle via the protrusion 48b, and the inner cylinder 41 is rotated 180 ° via the rotation locking body 47. To do. Then, the exchangeable cutter bit 38 is reversed in the cutter pork 32 and turned rearward, and the opening 40 of the cutter pork 32 is closed by the inner cylinder 41.
[0030]
Then, as shown in FIG. 4C and FIG. 7, the rotation locking body 47 and the rotation auxiliary plate 48 are removed from the cutter pork 32 and the reverse jack 49 is removed from the cutter head 15. On the other hand, a pair of movable jacks 51 are attached to the cutter head 15, and each drive rod 52 extends into the inner cylinder 41 to connect the tip end portion to the housing 43. In this state, the drive rod 52 is contracted by the moving jack 51, the housing 43 is moved to the center side of the cutter head 15 as shown in FIG. 8, and all the exchangeable cutter bits 38 are moved into the rotary cylinder 31. Pull in. Here, the operator removes the worn-out replaceable cutter bit 38 attached to the moving rod 46 of the hydraulic jack 45 and installs a new replaceable cutter bit.
[0031]
When the exchangeable cutter bit 38 thus worn is exchanged for a new exchangeable cutter bit, the new exchangeable cutter bit is returned to a predetermined position by the reverse operation. That is, the housing 43 is moved to the outer peripheral side of the cutter head 15 by the extension of the moving jack 51, and the moving jack 51 is removed. Then, the rotation lock body 47 and the rotation auxiliary plate 48 are attached to the cutter pork 32, and the reverse jack 49 is attached to the cutter head 15, and the rotation jack 49 is extended and contracted via the rotation auxiliary plate 48 and the rotation lock body 47. The inner cylinder 41 is rotated 180 °, the exchangeable cutter bit 38 is rotated in the cutter pork 32 and directed forward, and the opening 42 of the inner cylinder 41 is adapted to the opening 40 of the cutter pork 32, The rotation auxiliary plate 48 and the reverse jack 49 are removed, and the rotation locking body 47 is fixed to the cutter head 15. Then, the hydraulic jack 45 is extended so that the replaceable cutter bit 38 protrudes from the cutter pork 32 to the front of the cutter head 15.
[0032]
As described above, in the tunnel excavator according to the present embodiment, the inner cylinder 41 is rotatably supported in the cutter pork 32 of the cutter head 15, and the exchangeable cutter bit 38 is moved forward in the inner cylinder 41. When the cutter bit 38 is worn so that it protrudes, the cutter bit 38 is accommodated in the inner cylinder 41, inverted so as to face rearward, and then moved to the center portion (support portion) of the cutter head 15, It replaces with a new cutter bit.
[0033]
Therefore, when replacing worn cutter bits, it is not necessary for the operator to go out of the machine, and it is not necessary to inject chemicals to freeze the ground, reducing work costs and shortening work time. Improves. In addition, a space for an operator to enter the rear portion of the cutter head to perform an exchange operation is not necessary, and a decrease in excavation efficiency due to an increase in the size of the cutter head can be prevented.
[0034]
In the above-described embodiment, the inner cylinder 41 is rotatably supported in the cutter spoke 32, and the replaceable cutter bit 38 can be moved in the inner cylinder 41. The reversing operation of the cutter bit 38 and the closing operation of the opening 40 were performed, but the opening 40 was closed by the movement of a strip-shaped opening / closing plate instead of the inner cylinder 41, and the housing 43 was rotated to exchange the cutter. Bit 38 may be inverted.
[0035]
In addition, a plurality of replaceable cutter bits 38 are mounted on the housing 43 so as to move integrally, but the replaceable cutter bits 38 may be moved independently with the case 44 as a separate body. In this case, the replaceable cutter bit 38 may be replaced by removing the case 44 from the inner cylinder 41. Further, after the worn cutter bit 38 is stored and inverted, it is moved into the rotary cylinder 31 provided at the center of the cutter head 15 so that it can be replaced with a new cutter bit. It may be exchanged by moving to an intermediate beam as a shifted support portion.
[0036]
In the above-described embodiment, the tunnel excavator of the present invention has been described as a shield excavator in which the cutter bits 34, 36, 37, and 38 are attached to the cutter head 15. However, the tunnel excavator is applied to a tunnel boring machine having a disc cutter. You can also Furthermore, although the tunnel excavator of the present invention has been described as a mud pressure shield excavator, it may be a mud shield excavator. In this case, a water supply pipe, a drain pipe and an agitator may be used instead of the screw conveyor.
[0038]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail in the embodiment, according to the tunnel excavator of the first aspect of the present invention, the tubular excavator body can be advanced by the propulsion jack and can be driven to rotate at the front portion of the excavator body. A cutter head can be installed, and the cutter can be installed in the cylindrical cutter pork that constitutes the cutter head, and the cutter can be moved to the storage position in the cutter pork and the protruding position to the outside from the opening of the cutter pork. Cutter retracting means, cutter reversing means that can be reversed by rotating the cutter back and forth, opening / closing means that can open and close the opening of the cutter pork, and the position of the cutter in the cutter pork and the center of the cutter head or Cutter moving means that can move to the exchange position of the support part is provided, so that the cutter is accommodated in the cutter pork and directed backward in the digging direction, and the cutter The opening is closed and the cutter is moved to the center of the cutter head and replaced with another cutter. The cutter can be replaced easily and in a short time, reducing the burden on the operator and increasing safety. In addition to being able to improve, it is not necessary to secure an operator's work space in the cutspoke, and the device can be reduced in size and weight and simplified.
[0039]
The opening / closing means is an inner cylinder having an opening that matches the opening of the katspoke and is rotatably supported in the katspoke. The movable body is supported in the inner cylinder so as to be movable in the longitudinal direction. Since the cutter is mounted, the workability can be improved by simultaneously performing the reversing operation of the cutter accommodated in the cutter pork and the closing operation of the cutter projecting opening by the rotating operation of the inner cylinder.
[0040]
According to the tunnel excavator of the second aspect of the present invention, the cutter protruding and retracting means is a hydraulic jack, and the cutter can be protruded and retracted by the hydraulic jack when the respective openings of the cutter pork and the inner cylinder are fitted. Water can be reliably stopped at the openings of the spokes and the inner cylinder.
[0041]
Further, according to the tunnel excavator of the invention of claim 3 , since the plurality of movable bodies connected to each other in the inner cylinder are movably supported and the cutters are mounted on the respective movable bodies, By performing the replacement work, workability can be improved.
[0042]
According to the tunnel excavator of the invention of claim 4 , the cutter exchange chamber is provided in the center part or the support part of the cutter head, and one end portion of the cutter pork communicates with the cutter exchange chamber. By performing the cutter replacement operation, the cutter replacement operation can be easily performed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a shield excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front view of a shield excavator.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a tip portion of a cutter pork.
4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IV-IV in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a base end portion of a cutter spoke representing a cutter bit reversing operation.
6 is a sectional view taken along line VI-VI in FIG.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a base end portion of a cutter pork representing a cutter bit pull-in operation.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a principal part of a cutter head showing a cutter bit replacement operation.
[Explanation of symbols]
11 Excavator Main Body 15 Cutter Head 17 Turning Motor 23 Shield Jack (Propulsion Jack)
25 Electa device 31 Rotating cylinder (Cutter exchange chamber)
32 Cutter pork 35 Gate 36 Fixed cutter bit 38 Exchangeable cutter bit 40 Opening 41 Inner cylinder (opening / closing means)
42 Opening 43 Housing 44 Case 45 Moving jack (Cutter in / out means)
47 Rotation locking body 48 Rotation auxiliary plate 49 Reversing jack (cutter reversing means)
51 Moving jack (cutter moving means)

Claims (4)

A cylindrical excavator body, a propulsion jack that advances the excavator body, a cutter head that is rotatably mounted on the front of the excavator body, and has a cylindrical shape and an opening formed in the front surface And a cutter pork provided radially on the front surface of the cutter head, a cutter mounted in the cutter pork, a storage position in the cutter pork, and an opening of the cutter pork to the outside. Cutter retracting means movable to a projecting position, cutter reversing means capable of reversing by rotating the cutter back and forth, opening / closing means capable of opening and closing the opening of the cutter pork, and the cutter in the cutter pork A cutter moving means movable to a storage position of the cutter head and a center part of the cutter head or an exchange position of the support part,
The opening / closing means is an inner cylinder having an opening adapted to the opening of the katspoke and rotatably supported in the katspoke, and a movable body can be moved in the longitudinal direction in the inner cylinder. A tunnel excavator characterized in that the cutter is attached to the movable body. 2. The tunnel excavator according to claim 1 , wherein the cutter protruding and retracting means is a hydraulic jack, and when the cutter pork and each opening of the inner cylinder are fitted, the cutter can be protruded and retracted by the hydraulic jack. And tunnel excavator. 2. The tunnel excavator according to claim 1 , wherein a plurality of movable bodies connected to each other in the inner cylinder are movably supported, and the cutter is attached to each movable body. 2. The tunnel excavator according to claim 1 , wherein a cutter exchanging chamber is provided at a center portion or a support portion of the cutter head, and one end of the cutter pork is communicated with the cutter exchanging chamber.

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