JP3389155B2 - Tunnel excavator cutter replacement method, tunnel excavation method and tunnel excavator - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method of exchanging a cutter of a tunnel excavator for exchanging a roller cutter or a cutter bit provided in a tunnel excavator, a tunnel excavation method for excavating a tunnel, a tunnel boring machine or a shield machine. Such as tunnel excavator.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art For example, in a tunnel boring machine for excavating rock, a cutter head that can be driven and rotated is rotatably mounted on the front part of a body of a cylindrical excavator, and a disk cutter and a cutter bit are attached to the cutter head. On the other hand, a large number of thrust jacks are attached to the rear wall of the existing tunnel, and a plurality of thrust jacks are installed between the excavator body and the grippers. Therefore, when the thrust jack is extended while rotating the cutter head while securing the excavation reaction force with the gripper, the excavator body advances and the disc cutter and the cutter bit crush the rock in front and excavate the tunnel. be able to.

By the way, in recent years, tunnels have tended to be long-distance, and disk cutters and cutter bits mounted on the cutter heads are worn during the work of tunnel excavation. If this disc cutter or cutter bit wears,
Since excavation efficiency of rock mass decreases, it is necessary to stop excavation work and replace worn disc cutters and cutter bits. Conventionally, disk cutters and cutter bits have been replaced by solidifying and improving the ground in front by injecting a chemical solution or freezing, and then excavating to this ground improvement point and retreating to discharge all the excavated soil in the chamber, and the operator The disk cutter and the cutter bit were replaced in front of the cutter head and in the chamber.

However, such a replacement work is uneconomical because the chemical liquid used for improving the ground is expensive, and the work time is long, resulting in poor workability. In addition, since the worker works in a narrow space such as in front of the cutter head or in the chamber, there is a problem that the work becomes inconvenient and the burden on the worker increases. Therefore, the one in which the cutter bit can be replaced in the excavator body is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-
It is disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 280878.

In the "tunnel excavator" disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-280878, a cutter head is rotatably mounted on the front part of a skin plate, and the center of the guide head is bent inward. A rail is arranged, a plurality of holders that are flexibly connected to each other are movably supported on this guide rail, a cutter bit is attached, and a cutter bit exchange chamber is attached to the end of the guide rail via a gate mechanism. The moving jack allows each cutter bit to be moved into the cutter bit exchange chamber. Therefore, the moving jack can move the cutter bit into the cutter bit exchange chamber, where it can be exchanged for a new cutter bit.

[0006]

By the way, a cutter bit is usually provided with a plurality of cut-and-spokes radially on its front surface, and a large number of cutter bits are attached to each cut-and-spoke. In the "tunnel excavator" disclosed in the above-mentioned publication, the cutter bit is movably attached to the guide rail attached to the Kattus pork,
Each cutter bit is moved to a cutter bit exchange chamber attached to the end of the guide rail, and is replaced with a new one here. Therefore, a cutter bit exchange chamber and a moving jack are required for each cutas pork (guide rail), which complicates the structure and makes the cutter bit exchange chambers close to each other, which makes it difficult to perform exchange workability. Therefore, it is conceivable to install the cutter bit exchange chamber and the moving jack only on the guide rails to be exchanged, but each time, the work of attaching and removing the cutter bit exchange chamber and the moving jack to the guide rail is required. It becomes necessary and work efficiency is not good.

The present invention solves such a problem, and the replacement work of the roller cutter can be performed easily and in a short time to reduce the burden on the operator and improve the safety. An object of the present invention is to provide a cutter exchanging method for a tunnel excavator, a tunnel excavation method, and a tunnel excavator, which are improved in efficiency.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, a cutter exchanging method for a tunnel excavator according to a first aspect of the invention is a plurality of cutter rows for connecting a plurality of cutters located in front of a cutter head in series. A tunnel excavator in which the cutter row is retractable from one end into the excavator body and can be stored, and a series or part of the cutter row is supported in the excavator body side in a cutter storage box. And replace it with another cutter, and then fix the replaced cutter row at a predetermined position on the front surface of the cutter head, and then drive and rotate the cutter head to move a cutter row different from the cutter row. Characterized in that the cutters in the cutter row are sequentially replaced by repeating the process of facing the inside of the cutter storage box, pulling it in and exchanging it with another cutter, and fixing it in a predetermined position after the replacement. Is shall.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cutter exchanging method for a tunnel excavator, wherein a cutter head is rotatably mounted on a front portion of the excavator body, and a plurality of guide rails are radially provided on a front surface of the cutter head. And a cutter block pivotally attached to the cutter along the plurality of guide rails is movably supported, while the excavator body is provided with one cutter storage box, and the cutter is provided with the cutter storage box. In a tunnel excavator provided with a cutter moving means capable of retracting and pushing out, the cutter head is rotated to stop at a predetermined angular position, and at this time, the guide rail end facing the cutter storage box is Attach the cutter storage box, pull the cutter located on the guide rail into the cutter storage box from the cutter moving means, and then cross it with another cutter. The cutter was changed after positioning extrusion on said guide rail, it is characterized in that removing the cutter receiving box from the guide rail end.

Further, the cutter exchanging method for a tunnel excavator according to a third aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the cutter is a roller cutter.

The cutter exchanging method for a tunnel excavator according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the cutter is a cutter bit.

Further, in the cutter exchanging method for a tunnel excavator according to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the cutter is a roller cutter and a cutter bit, and the cutter row of the roller cutter and the cutter row of the cutter bit are in front of the cutter head. And one or both of the roller cutter row and the cutter bit row can be simultaneously drawn into the cutter storage box.

Further, the tunnel excavation method of the invention of claim 6 uses the cutter exchanging method of the tunnel excavator according to claim 1 or 2 to perform a new exchanging work of a worn cutter or an appropriate cutter according to excavation soil change. It is characterized in that the tunnel excavation work is continuously performed by performing the replacement work.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a tunnel excavator, which comprises a tubular excavator body, a propulsion jack for advancing the excavator body, and a cutter rotatably mounted on a front portion of the excavator body. A head, a cutter head driving means for driving and rotating the cutter head, a plurality of guide rails radially provided on the front surface of the cutter head, and a movement movably supported along the plurality of guide rails. A block, a cutter attached to the moving block, a gate mechanism provided at an end of the guide rail on the center side of the cutter head, and a predetermined rotation angle of the cutter head supported by the excavator body. One cutter storage box that can be selectively connected and disconnected via the gate mechanism to the ends of the guide rails facing each other in position, and before the guide rails are positioned on the guide rails. A cutter moving means capable of retracting and pushing the moving block and the cutter into the cutter housing box, a connecting member for detachably connecting the cutter moving means and the moving block, and excavation generated by excavating the cutter head. It is characterized in that it is provided with an earth discharging means for discharging the earth and sand to the outside.

Further, in the tunnel excavating machine according to the invention of claim 8, the moving means is a moving jack through which the drive rod is inserted into the cutter housing box, and the tip end portion of the drive rod is connected by the connecting member. The feature is that it can be detachably connected to the moving block.

Further, in the tunnel excavating machine according to the invention of claim 9, the cutter storage box is moved to the mounting position of the end portion of each of the guide rails and the retracted position separated from the end portion by a predetermined distance. The feature is that a moving means is provided.

Further, in the tunnel excavating machine according to the invention of claim 10, the movable block is movable along the guide rail in a state where a plurality of movable blocks are flexibly connected, and the movable block and the cutter are combined as a set. Each of them can be stored in the cutter storage box and replaced.

Further, in the tunnel excavator according to the invention of claim 11, the movable block is movable along the guide rail in a state in which a plurality of movable blocks are flexibly connected, and the movable block and the cutter are all the aforesaid. It is characterized in that it can be stored in the cutter storage box and replaced at the same time.

Further, in the tunnel excavator according to the invention of claim 12, the cutter head is provided with at least two rows of parallel guide rails, and each guide rail is provided with a roller cutter attached to the first moving block. While the second moving block having the cutter bit mounted thereon is movably supported, the excavator body has a first cutter housing box for housing the roller cutter and the first moving block, the cutter bit and the second moving block. A second cutter storage box for storing the blocks is provided.

According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a tunnel excavator, which comprises a tubular excavator body, a propulsion jack for advancing the excavator body, and a cutter rotatably mounted on a front portion of the excavator body. A head, a cutter head driving means for driving and rotating the cutter head, a guide rail radially provided from a central portion on a front surface portion of the cutter head, and a moving block movably supported along the guide rail. A cutter attached to the moving block, a cutter storage box connected to an end of the guide rail on the center side of the cutter head, and a gate capable of connecting and blocking the guide rail side and the inside of the cutter storage box A mechanism, the moving block and the cutter, which are disposed on the cutter head on the opposite side of the guide rail with respect to the center of rotation of the cutter head and located on the guide rail. Cutter moving means capable of pulling and pushing the cutter into the cutter storage box, a connecting member for detachably connecting the cutter moving means and the moving block, and excavated earth and sand generated by excavating the cutter head to the outside. It is characterized in that it is provided with a soil discharging means for discharging.

Further, in the tunnel excavator according to the invention of claim 14, the moving means is a moving jack in which a drive rod is inserted into the cutter housing box, and a tip portion of the drive rod is connected by the connecting member. The feature is that it can be detachably connected to the moving block.

Further, in the tunnel excavator according to the invention of claim 15, the movable block is movable along the guide rail in a state in which a plurality of movable blocks are flexibly connected, and the movable block and the cutter are combined as a set. It is characterized in that each of them can be stored in the cutter storage box and exchanged.

Further, in the tunnel excavator of the sixteenth aspect of the present invention, the movable block is movable along the guide rail in a state in which a plurality of movable blocks are flexibly connected, and the movable block and the cutter are all the aforesaid. It is characterized in that it can be stored in the cutter storage box and replaced at the same time.

Further, in the tunnel excavator of the seventeenth aspect of the present invention, the cutter is a roller cutter.

Further, in the tunnel excavator of the eighteenth aspect of the present invention, the cutter is a cutter bit.

Further, in the tunnel excavator according to the nineteenth aspect of the present invention, the cutter is a roller cutter and a cutter bit, and the moving block on which the roller cutter is mounted and the moving block on which the cutter bit is mounted are the cutter. It is movably supported by respective guide rails arranged in parallel on the front surface of the head, and one or both of the moving block of the roller cutter and the moving block of the cutter bit can be drawn into the cutter storage box. It has a feature.

[0027]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic front sectional view of a tunnel excavator according to a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a front view of the tunnel excavator, FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line III-III of FIG. 2, and FIG. IV-IV cross section, FIG. 5 is a schematic front cross section of the tunnel excavator showing the retracted state of the roller cutter storage box, and FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the replacement work of the roller cutter.

In the tunnel excavator of the present embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the excavator main body 11 has a cylindrical shape, and a cutter head 13 is rotated by a bearing 12 at the front of the excavator main body 11. It is installed freely. A ring gear 14 is fixed to the rear portion of the cutter head 13, and a hydraulic motor 15 is attached to the excavator body 11, and a drive gear 16 of the hydraulic motor 15 meshes with the ring gear 14. Therefore, when the hydraulic motor 15 is driven and the drive gear 16 is rotationally driven, the ring gear 14
The cutter head 13 can be rotated via the.

In addition, the excavator body 11 has a cutter head 1
A bulkhead 17 is attached to the rear of the cartridge 3, and a chamber 18 is formed between the cutterhead 13 and the bulkhead 17. Further, one end of the chamber 18 is opened at the other end of a mud sending pipe 19 and a sludge discharging pipe 20 which are extended to the outside of the excavator. An agitator 21 for stirring and mixing muddy water is installed. Reference numeral 22 is a shield jack, and a plurality of shield jacks 22 are arranged side by side in the circumferential direction on the outer periphery of the rear portion of the excavator main body 11. The shield jacks 22 extend rearward in the excavation direction and are constructed on the inner peripheral surface of the excavated tunnel. The excavator main body 11 can be moved forward by its reaction force by pressing it against the existing segment (not shown). Further, at the rear portion of the excavator body 11, an erector device for assembling a segment (not shown) is provided.

In the present embodiment, the four heads of the cut head pork 23a, 23b, 23c, 23d are radially fixed to the front surface of the cutter head 13 described above, and the cut head pork 23a, 23b, 23c. , 2
In the center of 3d, a plurality of roller cutters 24a, 2 are provided.
4b, 24c, 24d are juxtaposed in the longitudinal direction,
A large number of cutter bits 25a, 25b, 25 are provided on both sides thereof.
c and 25d are installed, and this roller cutter 24
When the a, 24b, 24c and 24d are worn and the excavation efficiency is lowered, they can be easily replaced with new ones.

Hereinafter, each roller cutter 24a, 24b, 2
4c, 24d, etc. will be described, but since they have substantially the same structure, only the roller cutter 24a will be described and the other roller cutters 24b, 24c, 24 will be described.
The description of d is omitted. That is, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, a cut head pork 23a having a box-shaped cross section is fixed to the front surface of the cutter head 13, and the cut head pork 23a has a rail portion as a guide rail along the longitudinal direction. 26 is formed. This rail portion 26 is
The front side of the cutter head 13 is substantially linear, and the outer end side and the inner end side are respectively bent to the inner side of the cutter head 13 (backward in the excavation direction). Further, three moving blocks 27a are movably supported on each rail portion 26, and rollers 28 attached on both sides are engaged with recesses 29 formed on both sides of the rail portion 26.

Further, each moving block 27a can be bent in accordance with the bent shape of the rail portion 26 by connecting adjacent persons at predetermined intervals by the connecting link 30 as a connecting member. The roller cutter 24a is rotatably attached to the saddle 31 of each moving block 27a thus supported by the rotating shaft 32.

Also, each of the Katta pork 23a, 23b,
The gate mechanisms 33a, 33b, 3 are provided at the ends of the cutter heads 13 on the center side of the 23c, 23d (rail portions 26).
One roller cutter storage box 34 supported by the excavator main body 11 via 3c and 33d can be selectively connected and disconnected. This gate mechanism 33a, 33b, 33c, 3
Since 3d has almost the same structure, the gate mechanism 3
Only 3a will be described and other gate mechanisms 33b, 33 will be described.
The description of c and 33d is omitted. That is, a frame 36 having an opening 35 is fixed to the end of the cutas pork 23a, and a pair of gates 37a and 37b capable of opening and closing the opening 35 are movably attached to the frame 36, and the gate jack It is movable by 38a and 38b.

Therefore, the pair of gates 37a and 37b can be moved to open and close the opening 35 by driving the gate jacks 38a and 38b to extend and retract, and the cutas pork 23a (rail portion 26) side and the roller cutter storage. Box 34
It is possible to connect and disconnect with the inside. When the opening 35 is opened by the gates 37a and 37b, the roller cutter 24a can be moved between the roller cutter 24a and the roller cutter storage box 34. In the closed state of the opening 35 by the gates 37a and 37b, the cutouts 42a and 42b of the gates 37a and 37b hold the connecting portions 41a and 41b and the connecting link 30 to completely block the opening 35. You can stop the water.

On the other hand, a guide member 52 having a U-shaped cross section is tilted and fixed to the excavator body 11 by a support bracket 51, and a lid 34 is attached to the guide member 52.
The above-mentioned roller cutter storage box 34 having a is movably supported. A moving jack 39 is mounted on the support bracket 51, a drive rod 40 is inserted into the roller cutter storage box 34, and a connecting portion 41 is attached to the tip thereof. Then, as shown in FIG.
By inserting the connecting pin 53 into the connecting portion 41 of the drive rod 40 by penetrating the through hole 54 of the roller cutter storage box 34, the drive rod 40 and the roller cutter storage box 34 are integrally connected, and the roller jack is moved by the moving jack 39. By moving the cutter storage box 34, it becomes possible to move to the mounting position (position shown in FIG. 1) with the Kattus pork 23a and the retracted position (position shown in FIG. 5) from the Kattus pork 23a via the gate mechanism 33a. ing.

Further, when the roller cutter storage box 34 is at the mounting position, if the roller cutter storage box 34 is fixed to the cutas pork 23a with a bolt (not shown), the drive rod 4
The connection part 41 of 0 can be connected to the connection link 30. In this case, the through hole 54 of the roller cutter storage box 34 from which the connecting pin 53 has been removed is closed by fitting a water blocking pin (not shown).

Therefore, the drive rod 4 is connected by the connecting pin 53.
0 and the roller cutter storage box 34 are integrally connected, and the moving jack 39 is extended to move the roller cutter storage box 34 to the mounting position of the Kattus pork 23a and fixed with bolts, and the gate jacks 38a, 38b. When the gates 37a and 37b are opened by means of, the connecting link 30 is connected to the connecting portion 41 of the drive rod 40 of the moving jack 39 to perform expansion / contraction drive, and the roller cutter 24a is pulled in or pushed out into the roller cutter storage box 34. You can Further, in the closed state of the gates 37a and 37b, the opening 35 can be completely blocked to stop the water. Then, the moving jack 39 is contracted to make the roller cutter storage box 3
While moving 4 to the retracted position, move the cutter head 13
Rotate by 0 ° and move to another Katta pork 23b, 23c,
By stopping the end portion of 23d at a position facing the roller cutter storage box 34, the cutlass pork 23b, 23
The same operation as described above can be performed for c and 23d.

A cutter bit 43 is mounted on the outer peripheral portion of the cutter head 13, and each of the cut head pork 23a, 23b, 23c, on the front surface of the cutter head 13.
The roller cutter 44 is mounted between 23d.

Here, the tunnel excavation work and the roller cutter replacement work by the tunnel excavator constructed as above will be described.

In order to excavate and form a tunnel, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the cutter head 13 is not rotated by the hydraulic motor 15, so that the plurality of shield jacks 22 are extended to push the reaction force against the existing segment. By moving the excavator main body 11 forward by the
4a to 24d, 44 and cutter bits 25a to 25d,
The front ground is excavated by 43. Then, the excavated earth and sand is taken into the chamber 18 and discharged to the outside by the mud discharge pipe 20. Next, one of the shield jacks 22 is actuated in the contracting direction to form a space with the existing segment, and a new segment is attached to this space by the erector device. By repeating this operation, a tunnel of a predetermined length is excavated and formed.

When such tunnel excavation work is carried out for a long period of time, the roller cutters 24a to 24d are worn and the excavation ability is deteriorated.
Exchange of ~ 24d is required.

That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the roller cutter 2
When exchanging 4a to 24d, the rotation of the cutter head 13 is stopped, the moving jack 39 is extended to move the roller cutter storage box 34 to the mounting position with the cutas pork 23a, and the bolts are fixed. In this state, the connecting portion 41 of the moving jack 39 is moved from the roller cutter storage box 34 to the connecting link 3
Connect to 0. Here, the gate jacks 38a, 3
8b is contracted to open the opening 35 by the gates 37a and 37b.
Close. In this state, if muddy water is filled on the face side, water is poured into the roller cutter storage box 34 to make the water pressure higher than that on the face side. Then, first, the gate jacks 38a and 38b are extended to open the opening 35 by the gates 37a and 37b, and subsequently, as shown in FIG.
The moving jack 39 is contracted to draw the connecting link 30 into the roller cutter storage box 34, and the opening 35 is closed by the gates 37a and 37b. Then, after draining the water in the roller cutter storage box 34, the lid 34a is opened and the connecting link 30 is pulled out. As shown in FIG. 6B, the moving jack 39 is extended and the connecting portion of the drive rod 40 is extended. Replace 41.

Then, again, water is poured into the roller cutter storage box 34, and then the opening 35 is opened, and subsequently, FIG.
As shown in FIG. 5, the moving jack 39 is contracted to draw the first roller cutter 24a (moving block 27a) into the roller cutter storage box 34, and the opening 35 is closed. Then, after draining the water in the roller cutter storage box 34,
The lid 34a is opened, the roller cutter 24a (moving block 27a) is removed, the moving jack 39 is extended, and the connecting portion 41 of the drive rod 40 is reconnected.

By repeating this operation, the roller cutter 24a (moving block 27a) is sequentially installed in the roller cutter storage box 3
4 and remove all the roller cutters 24a (moving block 27a). Then, as shown in FIG. 6D, in the roller cutter storage box 34, the moving block 27a to which the new roller cutter 24 is attached is connected to the connecting portion 41 of the drive rod 40 of the moving jack 39, and A new roller cutter 24 is attached by performing the operation opposite to the operation of attaching the cutter 24a.

After the replacement work of the roller cutter 24a supported by the cutas pork 23a is completed,
The connecting portion 41 of the drive rod 40 of the moving jack 39 is connected from the connecting link 30 to the roller cutter storage box 34,
Roller cutter storage box 34 for the cutter spoke 23a
Is released and the moving jack 39 is contracted to move the roller cutter storage box 34 to the retracted position. Then, the cutter head 13 is rotated by 90 ° so that the end of the cutas pork 23b faces the roller cutter storage box 34, and the roller cutter storage box 34 is moved by the moving jack 39 to be mounted on the cutas pork 23b. The roller cutter 24b of the cutter spoke 23b is operated in the same manner as described above to replace the roller cutter 24b. Further, the roller cutters 24c and 24d are similarly replaced.

As described above, in the tunnel excavator of the present embodiment, the cut head pork 23a-
The movable blocks 27a to 27d each having the roller cutters 24a to 24d attached to the rail portion 26 of 23d are movably supported and connected to each other by a connecting link 30, and the gate mechanism 3 is connected to the cutas pork 23a to 23d.
3a to 33d are mounted and the roller cutter storage box 34 is moved to the guide member 52 of the excavator main body 11 by moving the jack 39.
The drive rod 40 can be connected to the roller cutter storage box 34 and the connection link 30 by being movably supported by. Therefore, it is not necessary to dispose a plurality of roller cutter storage boxes or moving jacks corresponding to the respective cutas pork 23a to 23d, and one roller cutter storage box 34 and moving jack 39 are used for all the roller cutters 24a to 24d.
Can be replaced, which simplifies the structure and
The roller cutters 24a to 24d can be easily replaced.

In the above-described embodiment, the connecting portion 41 of the drive rod 40 and the roller cutter storage box 34 can be connected by the connecting pin 53. However, the drive rod 40 is stepped and the roller is provided by this step portion. The cutter storage box 34 may be moved from the retracted position to the mounting position, and the roller cutter storage box 34 may be moved from the mounting position to the retracted position by the connecting portion 41. Further, the moving jack for the roller cutter storage box 34 and the roller cutters 24a, 2
The moving jacks for exchanging 4b, 24c, and 24d may be separately provided.

Further, without making the roller cutter storage box 34 movable, the cutas pork 23a, 23b, 23
A rail for connecting the ends of c and 23d is provided, the roller cutter storage box 34 is movable along this rail, and fixed by a bolt at a position facing the ends of the cutas pork 23a, 23b, 23c, and 23d. It may be possible. Although the moving jack 39 is arranged in the lower part of the excavator main body 11, it may be arranged in the upper part or the side part.

Further, the roller cutters 24a, 24b, 24
When c and 24d are located above, the roller cutter storage box 34 is mounted and the replacement work is performed. However, when the c and 24d are located below or on the side, the roller cutter storage box 34 is replaced.
The support position of may be changed. And roller cutter 2
When the roller cutter storage box 34 is attached and the replacement work is performed when the 4a, 24b, 24c, and 24d are located below, the roller cutter storage box 34 faces downward, so that infiltration of earth and sand into the inside can be prevented. .

FIG. 7 is a schematic front sectional view of a tunnel excavator according to a second embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 8 is a front view of a Kattus pork of the tunnel excavator, and FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken along line IX-IX of FIG.
It should be noted that members having the same functions as those described in the above-described embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and redundant description will be omitted.

In the tunnel excavator of the present embodiment, a cut head pork 23a having a box-shaped cross section is fixed to the front surface of the cutter head 13, and the cut head pork 23a.
The front side of the cutter head 13 has a substantially linear shape in a.
The inner end side is the inner side of the cutter head 13 (backward in the excavation direction)
A pair of left and right guide rails 61 bent at 90 ° are fixed. A plurality of moving blocks 62 are movably supported on the respective guide rails 61, and the connecting links 6
By being connected by 3, it can be bent according to the bent shape of the guide rail 61. The cutter bit 2 is attached to each moving block 62 supported in this way.
5a is attached.

A gate mechanism 64 is attached to the end of the cutter head spoke 13a (guide rail 61) on the center side of the cutter head 13. On the other hand, the excavator body 1
1, a guide member 66 having a U-shaped cross section is fixed by a support bracket 65.
6, a cutter bit storage box 67 is movably supported by a connecting jack 68. The cutter bit storage box 67 is set to have a length capable of storing all the cutter bits 25a supported by the guide rails 61 and the moving block 62. Also, this cutter bit storage box 67
A moving jack 69 is attached to the drive jack, the drive rod is inserted into the cutter bit storage box 67, and the tip thereof is detachable from the connecting link 63. Therefore, the roller jack storage box 67 can be moved by the connecting jack 68, and can be moved via the gate mechanism 64a to the mounting position with the cutas pork 23a and the retracted position from the cutas pork 23a.

In the above description, only one of the four cutas pork has been explained, but a large number of cutter bits are movably supported by the other three cutas pork.

As described above, in the tunnel excavator of the present embodiment, the cut head pork 23a-
The movable blocks 62 having the cutter bits 25a to 25d attached to 23d are movably supported and are connected to each other by a connecting link 63.
While the gate mechanism 64 is mounted on a to 23d, the cutter bit storage box 67 of the excavator main body 11 is movably supported by the connecting jack 68, and all the cutter bits 25a and the moving block 62 are moved by the moving jack 69.
Can be drawn in and out of the cutter bit storage box 67. Therefore, one cutter bit storage box 67
And all the cutter bits 25 by the moving jack 69
The a to 25d can be replaced, the structure can be simplified, and the cutter bits 25a to 25d can be easily replaced.

In the first embodiment described above, only the roller cutters 24a, 24b, 24c and 24d can be replaced, and in the second embodiment only the cutter bits 25a to 25d can be replaced, but both cutters can be replaced. It can also be exchangeable.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a modified example of Kattus pork in the tunnel excavator according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 10, a plurality of moving blocks 27a, each of which has a roller cutter 24a rotatably supported on a rail portion 26 formed in the central portion of a cutas pork 23a radially arranged on the cutter head. Are movably supported while being connected to each other. The guide rails 61 formed on both sides of the cutas pork 23a movably support a plurality of moving blocks 62 on which the cutter bits 25a are supported so as to swing slightly. In this case, the rail portion 26 and the guide rail 61 are bent toward the main body of the excavator (not shown), and the gate mechanism is attached to the end portions. On the other hand, one roller cutter storage box and one cutter bit storage box are prepared on the excavator body side, and the roller cutter 24a and the cutter bit 25a can be pulled in and pushed out by the moving jack. A large storage box capable of storing the roller cutter 24a and the cutter bit 25a may be prepared.

FIG. 11 is a schematic front sectional view of a tunnel excavator according to a third embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 12 is a front view of the tunnel excavator, and FIG. 13 is a schematic view showing a roller cutter replacement work. It should be noted that members having the same functions as those described in the above-described embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and redundant description will be omitted.

In the tunnel excavator of the present embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, four cutas pork 23a, 23b, 23c, 2 are provided on the front surface of the cutter head 13.
3d are fixed radially, and three roller cutters 24a, 24b are arranged in parallel in the longitudinal direction at the center of the two cutas pork 23a, 23b, and a large number of cutter bits 25a are provided on both sides thereof. When the roller cutters 24a and 24b are worn and the excavation efficiency is reduced, the roller cutters 24a and 24b are attached.
Can be easily replaced with a new one.

That is, in the rail portions 26 of the cutas pork 23a, 23b, the front side of the cutter head 13 is substantially linear, and the outer end side and the inner end side are respectively the cutter head 1.
3 is bent inward, and three moving blocks 27a and 27b are movably supported by the rail portions 26, respectively, and are connected by a connecting link 30. The roller blocks are attached to the moving blocks 27a and 27b. 24a, 2
4b are rotatably attached.

Then, each of the Katta pork 23a, 23b
A roller cutter storage box 34 is attached to the end of the (rail portion 26) on the center side of the cutter head 13 via gate mechanisms 33a and 33b, respectively. Also, the cutas pork 23 with respect to the center of rotation of the cutter head 13
Cattus pork 23 located on the opposite side to a and 23b
Moving jacks 39a and 39b are attached to the c and 23d, and the drive rods 40a and 40b are inserted into the roller cutter storage box 34, and the connecting portions 41a and 41b at the tips thereof are inserted.
Can be connected to each connection link 30.

Therefore, by driving the gate jacks 38a, 38b to expand and contract, the pair of gates 37a, 37b can be moved to open and close the opening 35, and the Kattaspokes 23a, 23b (rail portion 26) side and the rollers. It is possible to communicate with and cut off from the inside of the cutter storage box 34. When the movable jacks 39a and 39b are driven to expand and contract with the opening 37 opened by the gates 37a and 37b, the roller cutters 24a and 24b can be pulled into or pushed out of the roller cutter storage box 34. Also,
In the closed state of the opening 35 by the gates 37a and 37b, the cutouts 42a and 42b of the gates 37a and 37b hold the connecting portions 41a and 41b and the connecting link 30 so that the opening 35 is completely blocked and water is stopped. can do.

A number of cutter bits 25c, 25d are mounted on both sides of the cutas pork 23c, 23d.

Here, the replacement work of the roller cutter in the tunnel excavator constructed as described above will be described.

When replacing the roller cutters 24a and 24b, the rotation of the cutter head 13 is stopped and the moving jack 3
9a is extended to connect the connecting portion 41a of the drive rod 40a and the connecting link 30, and the gate jacks 38a, 38b.
And the opening portion 35 is closed by the gates 37a and 37b. In this state, if the face side is filled with muddy water,
Water is poured into the roller cutter storage box 34 to make the water pressure higher than the muddy water on the face side. And first, the gate jack 38
a and 38b are extended to open the opening 35 by the gates 37a and 37b, and subsequently, as shown in FIG. 13A, the moving jack 39a is contracted so that the connection link 30 is placed in the roller cutter storage box 34. The opening 35 is closed by pulling in and closing the gates 37a and 37b. Then, after draining the water in the roller cutter storage box 34, the lid 34a is opened and the connecting link 30 is pulled out, and as shown in FIG. 13B, the moving jack 39a is extended to connect the drive rod 40a. 41
Replace a.

Then, again, water is poured into the roller cutter storage box 34, and then the opening 35 is opened.
As shown in (c), the moving jack 39a is contracted to draw the first roller cutter 24a (moving block 27a) into the roller cutter storage box 34, and the opening 35 is closed. Then, after draining the water in the roller cutter storage box 34, the lid 34a is opened, the roller cutter 24a (moving block 27a) is removed, and the moving jack 39a is extended to reconnect the connecting portion 41a of the drive rod 40a. .

By repeating this operation, the roller cutter 24a (moving block 27a) is sequentially installed in the roller cutter storage box 3
4 and remove all the roller cutters 24a (moving block 27a). Then, as shown in FIG. 13D, in the roller cutter storage box 34, the moving block 27a to which the new roller cutter 24 is attached is connected to the connecting portion 41 of the drive rod 40a of the moving jack 39a, and the above-mentioned roller A new roller cutter 24 is attached by performing the operation opposite to the operation of attaching the cutter 24a. When the replacement work of the roller cutter 24a is completed in this way, the drive rod 40a of the moving jack 39a and the connecting link 30 are
The connection with is released and the moving jack 39a is contracted.
Then, this time, similarly to the above, the replacement work of the roller cutter 24b is performed using the gate mechanism 33b, the moving jack 39b, and the like.

Thus, in the tunnel excavator of this embodiment, the cut head pork 23a of the cutter head 13,
The movable blocks 27a and 27b having the roller cutters 24a and 24b attached to the rail portion 26 of 23b are movably supported and are connected to each other by a connecting link 30. The Kattus pork 23a and 23b are connected to the gate mechanisms 33a and 33b.
While the roller cutter storage box 34 is attached via b, the cutas pork 23 with respect to the rotation center of the cutter head 13
Cutaway pork 23c, 23d on the opposite side to a, 23b
The moving jacks 39a and 39b are attached to the drive jacks 40a and 40b, and the drive rods 40a and 40b can be inserted into the roller cutter storage box 34 to be connected to the connection link 30. Therefore, the roller cutter storage box 34 does not project inside the excavator body 11, and the space inside the tunnel excavator can be expanded and effectively utilized.

In the above-described embodiment, when the moving jacks 39a and 39b are located below, the roller cutter 2
Although the replacement work of 4a and 24b is performed, the replacement work may be performed when it is on the upper side or the side. Also, the moving jack 3
When 9a and 39b are located below, the roller cutter 24
a, 24b are pulled in, the cutter head 13 is rotated 180 ° and the moving jacks 39a, 39b are positioned above, and then the roller cutters 24a, 24b are pushed out, so that the roller can be easily moved with a small operating force. Cutter 2
4a, 24b can be moved.

Further, the arrangement of the roller cutters 24a, 24b, 24c, 24d, 44 and the cutter bits 25a, 25b, 25c, 25d, 43 in each of the above-mentioned embodiments is not limited to the above-mentioned respective embodiments. Only the roller cutters 24a, 24b, 24c, 24d may be used, or if the machine is a tunnel boring machine only machine,
The cutter bits 25a, 25b, 25c, 25d, 43 may not be provided.

[0072]

As described above in detail in the embodiments, according to the cutter exchanging method of the tunnel excavator of the first aspect of the invention, a plurality of cutters located in front of the cutter head are connected in series. Pull the row or part of it into the cutter storage box supported on the excavator body side, replace it with another cutter, then fix the replaced cutter row in place on the front of the cutter head, then Drive the cutter head and rotate it so that a cutter row other than the cutter row faces the inside of the cutter storage box and then pull it in to replace it with another cutter.
After the replacement, the cutters in the cutter row are replaced one by one by repeating the process of fixing the cutters in the predetermined position, so all the cutters can be replaced by one cutter storage box and the moving jack. It is possible to improve work efficiency.

According to the cutter exchanging method for the tunnel excavator of the second aspect of the invention, the cutter head is rotated by a predetermined angle, and each time the cutter head is stopped, the end of the guide rail on the center side of the cutter head is moved. Attach the cutter storage box, pull the cutter located on the guide rail into the cutter storage box with the moving jack, replace it with another cutter, push the replaced cutter to the guide rail to position it, and then from the guide rail to the cutter storage box. Since all the cutters can be replaced by one cutter storage box and the moving jack, the work efficiency of the cutter replacement work can be improved.

According to the cutter exchanging method of the tunnel excavator of the third aspect of the invention, since the cutter is a roller cutter, it can be applied to a tunnel boring machine capable of excavating rock mass.

According to the cutter exchanging method of the tunnel excavator of the fourth aspect of the invention, since the cutter is a cutter bit, it can be applied to a shield excavator capable of excavating soft ground.

According to the cutter exchanging method for a tunnel excavator of the fifth aspect of the invention, the cutter is a roller cutter and a cutter bit, and the roller cutter row and the cutter bit row are arranged side by side on the front surface of the cutter head. Since it can be simultaneously drawn into the cutter storage box, it can be applied to a tunnel excavator capable of excavating rock and soft ground, and the roller cutter and the cutter bit can be replaced in a short time.

Further, according to the tunnel excavation method of the invention of claim 6, the cutter exchanging method of the tunnel excavator according to claim 1 or 2 is used to respond to a new exchanging work of a worn cutter or excavation soil change. Since the tunnel excavation work is continuously performed by performing the exchanging work for an appropriate cutter, the work efficiency of the tunnel excavation work can be improved.

According to the tunnel excavator of the invention of claim 7, a drive head rotatable cutter head is attached to the front part of the cylindrical excavator main body, and the cutter head is radially provided on the front surface part of the cutter head. While supporting a moving block with cutters mounted on multiple guide rails, and providing a gate mechanism at the center-side end of the cutter head on each guide rail, the excavator body has a predetermined rotation angle position of the cutter head. Supports one cutter storage box that can be selectively connected and disconnected via the gate mechanism at the end of the guide rails facing each other, and pulls the moving block and cutter located on the guide rail into the cutter storage box by the cutter moving means. And since it can be pushed out, all the cutters can be replaced by one cutter storage box and moving jack,
The structure can be simplified and the efficiency of the cutter replacement work can be improved.

According to the tunnel excavator of the invention of claim 8, the moving means is a moving jack through which the drive rod is inserted into the cutter housing box, and the tip end of the drive rod is detachable from the moving block by the connecting member. The cutter can be easily pulled in and pushed out by the expansion / contraction operation of the moving block and the attaching / detaching operation of the connecting member.

According to the tunnel excavator of the ninth aspect of the invention, a cutter storage box moving means for moving the cutter storage box to the mounting position of each guide rail end and the retracted position separated by a predetermined distance from the end is provided. Since it is provided, the connection between the end of the guide rail and the cutter storage box can be smoothly released.

According to the tunnel excavator of the tenth aspect of the present invention, the movable blocks are movable along the guide rail in a state where the movable blocks are flexibly connected, and the movable blocks and the cutters are provided as a set in a cutter storage box. Since it can be housed inside and exchanged, the cutter housing box can be made smaller and lighter and the space inside the excavator body can be expanded.

Further, according to the tunnel excavator of the invention of claim 11, the plurality of movable blocks are freely movable along the guide rail in a state of being flexibly connected, and the movable blocks and the cutter are all housed in the cutter housing box. Since the cutters can be replaced at the same time, the cutter can be pulled in and out of the cutter storage box at one time, and the workability of the cutter replacement work can be improved.

Further, according to the tunnel excavator of the invention of claim 12, at least two rows of guide rails which are parallel to the cutter head are provided, and the first movable block and the cutter bit in which the roller cutters are mounted on the respective guide rails. A second cutter block for storing a roller cutter and a first moving block in the excavator body and a cutter bit and a second moving block for supporting the second moving block Since the box is provided, it is possible to replace both the roller cutter and the cutter bit.

According to the tunnel excavator of the thirteenth aspect of the present invention, the cutter head which can be driven and rotated is attached to the front portion of the tubular excavator body, and the front face portion of the cutter head is arranged along the radial direction. While supporting a movable block in which a cutter is pivotally attached to a guide rail provided so as to be movable, a cutter storage box is connected to a center side end portion of the cutter head in the guide rail through a gate mechanism capable of communicating and blocking. , A moving jack was attached to the position opposite to the guide rail with respect to the center of rotation of the cutter head, the drive rod was inserted into the cutter storage box, and the tip was detachably connected to the moving block via the connecting member. Therefore, it is not necessary to dispose a plurality of cutter storage boxes, the structure can be simplified, and the cutter storage boxes and moving jacks can be easily attached and detached without attaching or detaching the cutter storage boxes. Conversion can be performed, and as a result,
The cutter can be replaced easily and in a short time to reduce the burden on the operator, improve safety, and improve work efficiency.

According to the tunnel excavator of the fourteenth aspect of the present invention, the moving means is a moving jack through which the drive rod is inserted into the cutter storage box, and the tip end of the drive rod is detachable from the moving block by the connecting member. The cutter can be easily pulled in and pushed out by the expansion / contraction operation of the moving block and the attaching / detaching operation of the connecting member.

According to the tunnel excavator of the fifteenth aspect of the present invention, the movable block is movable along the guide rail in a state in which the movable blocks are flexibly connected, and the movable block and the cutter are provided as a set in a cutter storage box. Since it can be housed inside and exchanged, the cutter housing box can be made smaller and lighter and the space inside the excavator body can be expanded.

Further, according to the tunnel excavator of the sixteenth aspect of the present invention, the movable block is movable along the guide rail in a state in which the movable blocks are flexibly connected, and the movable block and the cutter are all stored in the cutter storage box. Since the cutters can be replaced at the same time, the cutter can be pulled in and out of the cutter storage box at one time, and the workability of the cutter replacement work can be improved.

According to the tunnel excavator of the seventeenth aspect of the invention, since the cutter is a roller cutter, it can be applied to a tunnel boring machine capable of excavating rock mass.

According to the tunnel excavator of the eighteenth aspect of the invention, since the cutter is a cutter bit, it can be applied to a shield excavator capable of excavating soft ground.

Further, according to the tunnel excavator of the nineteenth aspect of the present invention, the cutter is a roller cutter and a cutter bit, and the moving block on which the roller cutter is mounted and the moving block on which the cutter bit is mounted are in front of the cutter head. Since it is supported movably on each of the guide rails installed side by side and one or both of them can be pulled into the cutter storage box, it can be applied to a tunnel excavator capable of excavating rock and soft ground. Therefore, the roller cutter and the cutter bit can be replaced in a short time.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic front sectional view of a tunnel excavator according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front view of a tunnel excavator.

3 is a sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG.

4 is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG.

FIG. 5 is a schematic front sectional view of the tunnel excavator showing a retracted state of the roller cutter storage box.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a roller cutter replacement work.

FIG. 7 is a schematic front sectional view of a tunnel excavator according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a front view of a cutas pork of the tunnel excavator.

9 is a sectional view taken along line IX-IX in FIG.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a modified example of a cutas pork in the tunnel excavator according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a schematic front sectional view of a tunnel excavator according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a front view of the tunnel excavator.

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating a roller cutter replacement operation.

[Explanation of symbols]

11 Excavator body 13 cutter head 15 Hydraulic motor 22 Shield jack 23a, 23b, 23c, 23d cutter spokes 24a, 24b, 24c, 24d Roller cutter 25a, 25b, 25c, 25d cutter bits 26 Rail (guide rail) 27a, 27b moving block 30 Connection link (connection member) 33a, 33b Gate mechanism 34 Roller cutter storage room 35 opening 37a, 37b gate 38a, 38b Gate jack 39a, 39b, 39 moving jacks 40a, 40b, 40 drive rod 41a, 41b, 41 connecting parts 52 Guide member 53 Connection pin

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) Reference JP 10-280878 (JP, A) JP 2000-186493 (JP, A) JP 62-268495 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) E21D 9/08 E21D 9/06 301 E21D 9/06 311

Claims (19)

(57) [Claims] 1. A tunnel excavator comprising a plurality of cutter rows for connecting a plurality of cutters located in front of a cutter head in series, the cutter rows being retractable from one end of the cutter row into the excavator main body, the cutter excavator being capable of being stored. After pulling a series or part of the cutter row into the cutter storage box supported on the excavator body side and replacing it with another cutter, the replaced cutter row is fixed at a predetermined position on the front surface of the cutter head. Then, the cutter head is driven to rotate so that a cutter row different from the cutter row faces the inside of the cutter storage box and then retracted to replace with another cutter, and then fixed at a predetermined position after replacement. A cutter exchanging method for a tunnel excavator, characterized in that the cutters in the cutter row are sequentially replaced by repeating the steps. 2. A cutter head is rotatably mounted on a front portion of an excavator body, and a plurality of guide rails are radially provided on a front surface of the cutter head, and the cutter is pivoted along the plurality of guide rails. A tunnel in which the excavator main body is provided with one cutter storage box while the mounted moving block is movably supported, and a cutter moving means capable of retracting and pushing out the cutter into the cutter storage box is provided. In an excavator, the cutter head is rotated to stop at a predetermined angle position, and at this time, the cutter storage box is attached to an end portion of the guide rail facing the cutter storage box, and the cutter moving means described above is used. Pull the cutter located on the guide rail into the cutter storage box, replace it with another cutter, and then push the replaced cutter to the guide rail to A cutter exchanging method for a tunnel excavator, which is arranged and the cutter storage box is removed from an end of the guide rail. 3. The cutter exchanging method for a tunnel excavator according to claim 1, wherein the cutter is a roller cutter. 4. The cutter exchanging method for a tunnel excavator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cutter is a cutter bit. 5. The cutter exchanging method for a tunnel excavator according to claim 1, wherein the cutter is a roller cutter and a cutter bit, and the cutter row of the roller cutter and the cutter row of the cutter bit are the cutter head. A cutter exchanging method for a tunnel excavator, which is arranged side by side on the front surface, and one or both of the roller cutter row and the cutter bit row can be simultaneously drawn into the cutter storage box. 6. The method of exchanging a cutter for a tunnel excavator according to claim 1 or 2 is used to perform a new exchanging operation of a worn cutter or an exchanging operation of an appropriate cutter in accordance with excavation soil change, thereby continuously performing Tunnel excavation method characterized by performing tunnel excavation work. 7. A tubular excavator main body, a propulsion jack for advancing the excavator main body, a cutter head rotatably mounted on a front portion of the excavator main body, and a cutter for driving and rotating the cutter head. Head driving means, a plurality of guide rails radially provided on the front surface of the cutter head,
A moving block supported movably along the plurality of guide rails, a cutter mounted on the moving block, and a gate mechanism provided at an end of the guide rail on the center side of the cutter head, One cutter storage box which is supported by the excavator body and is selectively connectable and disconnectable via the gate mechanism to the end portions of the guide rails facing each other at a predetermined rotation angle position of the cutter head,
A cutter moving means capable of retracting and pushing the moving block and the cutter positioned on the guide rail into the cutter housing box, a connecting member for detachably connecting the cutter moving means and the moving block, and the cutter. A tunnel excavator, comprising: a discharging means for discharging the excavated soil generated by excavating the head to the outside. 8. The tunnel excavator according to claim 7, wherein the moving means is a moving jack through which a drive rod is inserted into the cutter housing box, and a tip portion of the drive rod is moved by the connecting member. A tunnel excavator characterized by being detachably connectable to a block. 9. The tunnel excavator according to claim 7, wherein the cutter storage box is moved to a mounting position of each of the guide rail ends and a retracted position separated from the end by a predetermined distance. A tunnel excavator characterized by having means. 10. The tunnel excavator according to claim 7, wherein the movable block is movable along the guide rail in a state where a plurality of movable blocks are flexibly connected, and the movable block and the cutter are provided as a set. A tunnel excavator characterized by being housed in the cutter housing box and replaceable. 11. The tunnel excavator according to claim 7, wherein the movable block is movable along the guide rail in a state in which a plurality of movable blocks are flexibly connected, and the movable block and the cutter are all the cutters. A tunnel excavator that can be stored in a storage box and replaced at the same time. 12. The tunnel excavator according to claim 7, wherein the cutter head is provided with at least two rows of parallel guide rails, and each guide rail has a first moving block on which a roller cutter is mounted. A second moving block having a cutter bit mounted thereon is movably supported, while the excavator body has a first cutter housing box for housing the roller cutter and the first moving block, the cutter bit and the second moving block. A tunnel excavator characterized in that a second cutter storage box for storing the is provided. 13. A tubular excavator main body, a propulsion jack for advancing the excavator main body, a cutter head rotatably mounted on a front portion of the excavator main body, and a cutter for drivingly rotating the cutter head. Head driving means, a guide rail radially provided from the center on the front surface of the cutter head, a moving block movably supported along the guide rail, and a cutter mounted on the moving block,
A cutter storage box connected to an end of the guide rail on the center side of the cutter head, a gate mechanism capable of communicating and blocking the guide rail side and the inside of the cutter storage box, and a center of rotation of the cutter head. On the other hand, a cutter moving means that is arranged on the opposite side of the guide rail and that can move the moving block and the cutter positioned on the guide rail into and out of the cutter storage box.
A tunnel excavating machine comprising: a connecting member that detachably connects the cutter moving means and the moving block; and a discharging means that discharges excavated earth and sand generated by excavating the cutter head to the outside. 14. The tunnel excavator according to claim 13, wherein the moving means is a moving jack in which a driving rod is inserted into the cutter housing box, and a tip portion of the driving rod is moved by the connecting member. A tunnel excavator characterized by being detachably connectable to a block. 15. The tunnel excavator according to claim 13, wherein the movable block is movable along the guide rail in a state where a plurality of movable blocks are flexibly connected, and the movable block and the cutter are provided as a set. A tunnel excavator characterized by being housed in the cutter housing box and replaceable. 16. The tunnel excavator according to claim 13, wherein the movable block is movable along the guide rail in a state in which a plurality of movable blocks are flexibly connected, and the movable block and the cutter are all the cutters. A tunnel excavator that can be stored in a storage box and replaced at the same time. 17. The tunnel excavator according to claim 7, wherein the cutter is a roller cutter. 18. The tunnel excavator according to claim 7 or 13, wherein the cutter is a cutter bit. 19. The tunnel excavator according to claim 7, wherein the cutter is a roller cutter and a cutter bit, and the moving block having the roller cutter mounted thereon and the moving block having the cutter bit mounted thereon are the moving block. It is movably supported by guide rails arranged in parallel on the front surface of the cutter head, and one or both of the moving block of the roller cutter and the moving block of the cutter bit can be drawn into the cutter storage box. A tunnel excavator characterized by.