JP3477399B2 - Tunnel excavator cutter replacement method and tunnel excavator - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a cutter exchanging method for a tunnel excavator for exchanging a roller cutter, a cutter bit and the like provided in the tunnel excavator, and a tunnel excavator such as a tunnel boring machine or a shield machine.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art For example, in a tunnel boring machine for excavating rock, a cutter head that can be driven and rotated is rotatably mounted on the front part of a body of a cylindrical excavator, and a disk cutter and a cutter bit are attached to the cutter head. On the other hand, a large number of thrust jacks are attached to the rear wall of the existing tunnel, and a plurality of thrust jacks are installed between the excavator body and the grippers. Therefore, when the thrust jack is extended while rotating the cutter head while securing the excavation reaction force with the gripper, the excavator body advances and the disc cutter and the cutter bit crush the rock in front and excavate the tunnel. be able to.

By the way, in recent years, tunnels have tended to be long-distance, and disk cutters and cutter bits mounted on the cutter heads are worn during the work of tunnel excavation. If this disc cutter or cutter bit wears,
Since excavation efficiency of rock mass decreases, it is necessary to stop excavation work and replace worn disc cutters and cutter bits. Conventionally, disk cutters and cutter bits have been replaced by solidifying and improving the ground in front by injecting a chemical solution or freezing, and then excavating to this ground improvement point and retreating to discharge all the excavated soil in the chamber, and the operator The disk cutter and the cutter bit were replaced in front of the cutter head and in the chamber.

However, such a replacement work is uneconomical because the chemical liquid used for improving the ground is expensive, and the work time is long, resulting in poor workability. In addition, since the worker works in a narrow space such as in front of the cutter head or in the chamber, there is a problem that the work becomes inconvenient and the burden on the worker increases. Therefore, the one in which the cutter bit can be replaced in the excavator body is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-
It is disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 280878.

In the "tunnel excavator" disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-280878, a cutter head is rotatably mounted on the front part of a skin plate, and the center of the guide head is bent inward. A rail is arranged, a plurality of holders that are flexibly connected to each other are movably supported on this guide rail, a cutter bit is attached, and a cutter bit exchange chamber is attached to the end of the guide rail via a gate mechanism. The moving jack allows each cutter bit to be moved into the cutter bit exchange chamber. Therefore, the moving jack can move the cutter bit into the cutter bit exchange chamber, where it can be exchanged for a new cutter bit.

[0006]

By the way, the tunnel excavator can excavate the tunnel by advancing the cutter head while rotating the cutter head by crushing the ground in front of the cutter bit. Therefore, depending on the type of ground, rocks, earth and sand, mud, etc. may exist between the cutter head and the face. In the "tunnel excavator" disclosed in the above-mentioned publication, the cutter bit is movably attached to the guide rail attached to the Kattus pork,
The worn cutter bit is moved to the cutter bit exchange chamber attached to the end of the guide rail, where it is replaced with a new one. Therefore, rocks, earth and sand, mud, or the like generated by excavation of the ground may enter the guide rails and hinder the movement of the cutter bit when exchanging the worn cutter bit.

When exchanging a worn cutter bit, the cutter bit located on the front surface of the cutter head is moved to the cutter bit exchanging chamber along the guide rail for exchanging. Therefore, by moving to the cutter bit exchange chamber, a space is generated in the guide rail, and the excavated earth and sand enter the space of the guide rail. Then, when the newly exchanged cutter bit is returned from the cutter bit exchange chamber to the guide rail, the excavated earth and sand interferes and the new cutter bit cannot be returned to the predetermined position of the cutter head.

Further, since the cutter head has an opening for drawing the cutter bit on the front surface of the cutter head into the cutter bit exchange chamber on the body side of the excavator, this opening is used when excavating the ground by the cutter head. Due to this, excavated earth and sand enter the guide rail and hinder the movement of the cutter bit.

The present invention is intended to solve such a problem, and allows the cutter to be moved favorably during the cutter replacement work, thereby improving the workability of the tunnel excavator. An object is to provide a method and a tunnel excavator.

[0010]

[0011]

[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cutter exchanging method for a tunnel excavator, comprising: a plurality of cutter rows for connecting a plurality of cutters located in front of a cutter head in series; A tunnel excavator that is retractable along a rail into a cutter storage box and is replaceable with another cutter, and is a space formed in the guide rail as the cutter moves to the cutter storage box side. It is characterized by injecting a filler into the part.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a tunnel excavator having a tubular excavator body, a propulsion jack for advancing the excavator body, and a cutter rotatably mounted on a front portion of the excavator body. A head, cutter head driving means for driving and rotating the cutter head, guide rails radially provided on the front surface of the cutter head, and moving blocks supported movably along the guide rails, respectively.
A cutter mounted on the moving block, a gate mechanism provided at an end portion of each guide rail on the center side of the cutter head, and a cutter storage that is attachable to and detachable from the end portion of each guide rail via the gate mechanism. A box, a cutter capable of retracting the movable block and the cutter positioned on the guide rail into the cutter storage box, and a pusher capable of pushing the movable block and the cutter positioned in the cutter storage box onto the guide rail. Transportation means,
A connecting member for detachably connecting the cutter moving means and the moving block; a lubricant injecting means for injecting a lubricant into a guide portion between the guide rail and the moving block;
And a soil discharging means for discharging the excavated soil generated by excavating the cutter head to the outside.

Further, in the tunnel excavator according to the invention of claim 3 , a plurality of the lubricant injecting means are provided along the longitudinal direction of the guide rail.

Further, the cutter tunnel boring machine of the invention of claim 4 includes a tubular excavator body, a propulsion jacks to advance the excavating machine body, which is rotatably mounted to the front of the excavating machine body A head, cutter head driving means for driving and rotating the cutter head, guide rails radially provided on the front surface of the cutter head, and moving blocks supported movably along the guide rails, respectively.
A cutter mounted on the moving block, a gate mechanism provided at an end portion of each guide rail on the center side of the cutter head, and a cutter storage that is attachable to and detachable from the end portion of each guide rail via the gate mechanism. A box, a cutter capable of retracting the movable block and the cutter positioned on the guide rail into the cutter storage box, and a pusher capable of pushing the movable block and the cutter positioned in the cutter storage box onto the guide rail. Transportation means,
A connecting member for detachably connecting the cutter moving means and the moving block, and a filler injection for injecting a filler into a space portion of the guide rail formed by moving the moving block to the cutter storage box side. Means and a soil discharging means for discharging excavated earth and sand generated by excavation of the cutter head to the outside.

Further, the tunnel excavator according to the invention of claim 5 is characterized in that a plurality of the filler injecting means are provided along the longitudinal direction of the guide rail.

Further, in the tunnel excavator according to the invention of claim 6 , when the moving block is returned to the guide rail by the cutter moving means, the filler injected into the space portion of the guide rail is The feature is that it can be pushed out of the guide rail.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a tunnel excavator, which comprises a tubular excavator body, a propulsion jack for advancing the excavator body, and a cutter rotatably mounted on a front portion of the excavator body. A head, cutter head driving means for driving and rotating the cutter head, guide rails radially provided on the front surface of the cutter head, and moving blocks supported movably along the guide rails, respectively.
A cutter mounted on the moving block, a gate mechanism provided at an end portion of each guide rail on the center side of the cutter head, and a cutter storage that is attachable to and detachable from the end portion of each guide rail via the gate mechanism. A box, a cutter moving means capable of retracting and pushing the moving block and the cutter located on the guide rail into the cutter housing box, and a connecting member detachably connecting the cutter moving means and the moving block. Generated by excavating the cutter head, which is connected to the moving block and closes an opening for pulling the cutter into the cutter storage box when the cutter is located on the front surface of the cutter head. It is characterized by comprising a soil discharging means for discharging the excavated earth and sand to the outside.

Further, in the tunnel excavator according to the invention of claim 8 , the closing member is a cutter.

[0019]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a tunnel excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway front view of the tunnel excavator, FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional front view of the tunnel excavator, and FIG. 4 is a cutter. A schematic cross-section of the front part of the tunnel excavator at the time of replacement, FIG. 5 is a cross section of the Kattus pork corresponding to the grease injection position (V-V cross section of FIG. 2), and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VI-VI), FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing a grease injection pipe, FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing a filler injection pipe, and FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a main part of a cutter head showing a dummy bit.

In the tunnel excavator of this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the excavator body 11 has a cylindrical shape, and a cutter head 13 is rotated by a bearing 12 at the front of the excavator body 11. It is installed freely. A ring gear 14 is fixed to the rear portion of the cutter head 13, and a hydraulic motor 15 is attached to the excavator body 11, and a drive gear 16 of the hydraulic motor 15 meshes with the ring gear 14. Therefore, when the hydraulic motor 15 is driven and the drive gear 16 is rotationally driven, the ring gear 14
The cutter head 13 can be rotated via the.

The excavator body 11 has a cutter head 1
A bulkhead 17 is attached to the rear of the cartridge 3, and a chamber 18 is formed between the cutterhead 13 and the bulkhead 17. And the excavator body 1
A screw conveyor 19 as an earth discharging means is arranged in the inside 1, and a front end portion communicates with the chamber 18 and a rear end portion extends outside the excavator body 11.

On the other hand, a plurality of shield jacks 20 are juxtaposed along the circumferential direction around the inside of the rear portion of the excavator main body 11. The shield jacks 20 extend rearward in the excavation direction on the inner circumferential surface of the excavated tunnel. By pressing the existing segment S that has been built, the reaction force causes the excavator body 11 to move.
Can move forward. Further, an erector device 21 for assembling the segment S is provided at the rear portion of the excavator body 11. The excavator body 11 includes a front body 11a and a rear body 1
1b is flexibly connected by a spherical bearing, and can be bent by a center folding jack 11c.

By the way, in the present embodiment, the preceding cutter bit 22 is fixed at the center of the front surface of the cutter head 13 described above.
From the three Katta pork 23a, 23b, 23c is radially fixed, this Katta pork 23a, 23b,
A plurality of cutter bits 24a, 24b, 24c are movably mounted on both sides of 23c along the longitudinal direction.
When the cutter bits 24a, 24b, 24c are worn and the excavation efficiency is lowered, they can be easily replaced with new ones.

Hereinafter, each cutter bit 24a, 24b, 2
The support structure of 4c will be described. However, since the support structures are substantially the same, only the cutter bit 24a will be described and the description of the other cutter bits 24b and 24c will be omitted.

That is, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 6, a cut head pork 23a having a rectangular cross section is fixed to the front surface of the cutter head 13, and a rail groove 25a is provided on one side of the cut head pork 23a. A guide rail 27 is formed by fixing the guide member 25 and the guide member 26 having the rail groove 26a so as to face each other at a predetermined interval. A guide rail 27 is also formed on the other side of the cutas pork 23a. The guide rail 27 has a substantially straight shape on the front side of the cutter head 13 and an inner end side bent at about 90 ° to the inner side of the cutter head 13 (backward in the excavation direction). The guide portions 28a of the five moving blocks 28 are movably supported by the rail grooves 25a and 26a of the guide rail 27, and each moving block 28 is pin-connected by a connecting link 29 between adjacent persons at predetermined intervals. By doing so, it is possible to move while bending according to the bent shape of the guide rail 27. Then, sponge rubber 61 for preventing the infiltration of earth and sand is attached to each connecting portion where each moving block 28 and each connecting link 29 are bendable, and intrusion of earth and sand into the inside of the upper and lower sides of the guide rail 27. A labyrinth seal 62 for preventing the above is attached.

The cutter bits 24a are swingably attached to the four moving blocks 28 located on the front end side by the support shaft 30, and the dummy bits are attached to one moving block 28 located on the rear end side. Bit 31
a is fixed. The cutter bit 24a is normally located on the front surface of the cutter head 13 and the dummy bit 31a is located on the front surface of the cutter head 13. At this time, as shown in detail in FIG.
The cutter bit 24a closes the opening 32 for moving the inside of the excavator main body 11 at the time of replacement.

Further, a cutter storage box 34 is detachably attached to an end portion of the guide rail 27 (cuttaspokes 23a, 23b, 23c) on the center side of the cutter head 13 via a gate mechanism 33. That is, Katta Spoke 2
A frame 36 having an opening 35 is fixed to an end of 3a, and a support frame 37 is fixed to the frame 36. Two sets of gates capable of opening and closing the opening 35 are fixed to the support frame 37. 38 and 39 are attached. The two gate plates 38a of the first gate 38 are the hydraulic jack 3
The gate plate 38a is formed with a notch 38c that faces each other. The second gate 39 has two gate plates 39a which can be moved toward and away from each other by a hydraulic jack 39b.

On the other hand, a connecting shaft 40 is connected to a moving block 28 on the rear end side movably supported by the guide rail 27 via a plurality of connecting links 29. The support frame 37 is attached to the gate lid 4 by mounting bolts 41.
2 is attached, the connecting shaft 40 penetrates the gate lid 42, and the link holding bracket 43 fixed to the connecting shaft 40 is detachably attached to the gate lid 42 by the mounting bolts 44.

Therefore, at the normal time, that is, the cutter head 1
When excavating the ground forward by rotating 3 to rotate the ground 3, the first gate 38 is closed and the second gate 39 is opened, as shown in FIG. That is, when the gate plates 38a of the first gate 38 are brought close to each other, the cutouts 38c are brought into contact with the connecting shaft 4a.
By holding 0, the opening 35 can be closed, and the cutter head 13 (guide rail 27) side and the excavator main body 11 side can be blocked to stop water.

On the other hand, when replacing the cutter bit 24a, the mounting bolt 44 is removed and the link holding bracket 43 is removed.
The connection between the gate lid 42 and the gate lid 42 is released, the mounting bolt 41 is removed, the gate lid 42 is removed, and then the cutter storage box 34 is mounted. And in this state, each gate 3
When the openings 8 and 39 are opened, the cutter bit 24a, the moving block 28 and the like can be drawn into the cutter storage box 34 through the opening 35. After that, when all the cutter bits 24a, the moving block 28, etc. have been drawn into the cutter storage box 34, the gate plates 39a of the second gate 39 are brought close to each other to close the opening 35, and the cutter head 13 (guide rail). It is possible to shut off the water by cutting off the 27) side and the excavator main body 11 side.

Further, the cutter storage box 34, which is detachable via the gate mechanism 33, can store a cutter row in which the five moving blocks 28 to which the cutter bits 24a are mounted, the connecting link 29, the connecting shaft 40, etc. are connected. It has a long length and is watertight because it is filled with water. A hydraulic jack 45 as a cutter moving means is attached to the rear of the cutter storage box 34, and the tip end of the drive rod 45a can be connected to the connecting shaft 40 by a connecting pin 46 as a connecting member.

By the way, in the present embodiment, during excavation work by the rotation of the cutter head 13, excavated earth and sand enter the guide rail 27, and the cutter bits 24a, 24b, 24.
Grease as a lubricant is constantly injected (lubricant injection means) into the guide portions of the guide rail 27 and the moving block 28 so as not to hinder the movement of the moving block 28 during the replacement work of c.

That is, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 7, a rotary joint 51 is provided at the center of the excavator main body 11 between the excavator body 11 and the cutter head 13, and the base end of the grease supply hose 52 is provided at this position. A grease supply source (not shown) installed on the excavator body 11 side is connected via a rotary joint 51, and the other end of the grease supply hose 52 is connected to a distributor 53 attached to the cutter head 13. On the other hand, each of the Katta pork 23a, 23b,
Each rail groove 25 is provided in each guide member 25, 26 of 23c.
A plurality of grease injection holes 54 opening at a and 26a are formed in the longitudinal direction of the guide rail 27, and a plurality of connection hoses 55 branched from the above-mentioned distributor 53 are connected to the respective grease injection holes 54. In this case, it is desirable to provide the grease injection holes 54 at equal intervals, and since grease is supplied from the distributor 53 to the grease injection holes 54 via the connection hoses 75, all the grease injection holes 54 are the same. Grease is being fed under pressure.

Therefore, at least during excavation work by rotating the cutter head 13 and the cutter bits 24a, 24b,
At the time of replacement work of 24c, the grease is supplied from the grease supply source to the distributor 53 via the grease supply hose 52, and the grease is supplied from the distributor 53 to each grease injection hole 54 via each connection hose 55. Grease is constantly injected into the guide surfaces of the rail grooves 25a and 26a of the guide rail 27 and the guide portion 28a of each moving block 28. Therefore, intrusion of excavated soil into this portion is prevented, and movement of the moving block 28 during replacement work of the cutter bits 24a, 24b, 24c is not hindered.

Further, in the present embodiment, the cutter bit 24
When exchanging a, 24b, 24c, the cutter bit 24
The moving block 28, which was located on the guide rail 27 together with a, 24b, and 24c, moved to the cutter storage box 34 side, and the excavated earth and sand entered the space portion of the guide rail 27, and the cutter bits 24a, 24b, The filler is injected into the space of the guide rail 27 (filler injection means) so as not to prevent the moving block 28 after the replacement of 24c from returning to the guide rail 27 again.

That is, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 8, an opening / closing valve 56 is fixed to the rear portion of the cutter head 13, and a base end portion of a filler supply hose 57 is connected to the opening / closing valve 56. There is. On the other hand, each Katta pork 23
A plurality of filler injection holes 58 that open to the side surface of each guide rail 27 are formed in a, 23b, and 23c in the longitudinal direction of the guide rail 27.
Is connected to each of the filler injection holes 58.
When the cutter head 13 is stopped, the excavator body 11
A connection hose extended from a filler supply source (not shown) installed on the side can be connected to the opening / closing valve 56.
As the filler, a polymer resin having fluidity may be used, or water may be used.

Therefore, the cutter bits 24a, 24b, 2
At the time of replacement work of 4c, the connection hose extended from the filler supply source is connected to the opening / closing valve 56, and the moving block 28 is moved along the guide rail 27 to the cutter storage box 34 side, and at the same time, the opening / closing valve 56 is connected. To open each filler injection hole 5 through the filler supply hose 57 from the filler supply source.
When the filler is supplied to 8, the filler is filled in the space portion of the guide rail 27 formed by the movement of the moving block 28. Therefore, infiltration of excavated earth and sand into the guide rail 27 is prevented. After the cutter bits 24a, 24b, 24c are replaced in the cutter storage box 34, when the moving block 28 is returned to the predetermined position of the guide rail 27 together with the new cutter bit, the moving block 28 pushes the filler outward. However, the movement will not be hindered.

In FIGS. 1 and 2, 63 is a copy cutter that projects outside the cutter head 13 when necessary by a hydraulic jack, and 64 is the cutter bits 24a, 24.
wear detection sensor for detecting wear states of b and 24c, 65
Is a drug solution injection pipe.

The tunnel excavation work and the cutter bit replacement work performed by the tunnel excavator constructed as described above will now be described.

To excavate and form a tunnel, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, since the cutter head 13 is not rotated by the hydraulic motor 15, the plurality of shield jacks 20 are extended and pressed against the existing segment S. By advancing the excavator main body 11 by force, the front ground is excavated by a large number of cutter bits 24a, 24b, 24c. Then, the excavated earth and sand is taken into the chamber 18 and discharged to the outside by the screw conveyor 19. Next, one of the shield jacks 20 is actuated in the contraction direction to form a space between the shield jack 20 and the existing segment S,
A new segment S is mounted in this space by the erector device 21. By repeating this operation, a tunnel of a predetermined length is excavated and formed.

At the time of excavating this tunnel, as shown in FIG. 3, the connecting shaft 40 connected to the moving block 28 is fixed by penetrating the gate lid 42 and at the same time.
Each gate plate 38a of the gate 38 is connected to the connecting shaft 40
And the opening 35 is closed. Therefore, the cutter bits 24a, 24b, 24c are securely fixed at predetermined positions, and the cutter head 13 side and the excavator body 11 are secured.
The side can be reliably shut off to stop the water. Also,
At this time, grease is injected into the guide surfaces of the rail grooves 25a and 26a of the guide rail 27 and the guide portion 28a of each moving block 28 from a large number of grease injection holes 54 to prevent the intrusion of excavated earth and sand into these portions. is doing. In this case, it is desirable to use an intermittent injection method in which grease is continuously injected for a predetermined time and then stopped for a predetermined time.

When such tunnel excavation work is performed for a long time, the cutter bits 24a, 24b, 24
The cutter bit 24a, 24b, 24c must be replaced because the excavating capacity of the c is deteriorated and the excavating ability is deteriorated. In this case, the wear detection sensor 64 causes the cutter bit 24a,
The wear states of 24b and 24c are detected.

That is, as shown in FIG. 3, the cutter head 1
Cutter bit 24a to be replaced first after stopping the rotation of 3
Position down. Then, the mounting bolt 44 is removed to disconnect the link holding bracket 43 and the gate lid 42, and the mounting bolt 41 is removed to remove the gate lid 42. Then, as shown in FIG. 4, the support frame 3
The cutter housing box 34 is attached to the end portion of 7 using the mounting bolt 41, and the tip end portion of the drive rod 45 a of the hydraulic jack 45 in the extended state is connected to the connecting shaft 40 by the connecting pin 46. In this state, if the muddy water is full on the face side, water is poured into the cutter storage box 34 to balance the water pressure with the muddy water pressure on the face side, or higher, and then the opening portion is opened by the first gate 38. Open 35.

Then, by contracting the hydraulic jack 45, the cutter row in which the five moving blocks 28 having the cutter bits 24a, the connecting links 29, the connecting shafts 40 and the like are connected is pulled into the cutter storage box 34, The opening 35 is closed by the second gate 39. In this case, gravel and the like are mixed on the front surface side of the cutter head 13 and the opening 32
And the dummy bit 31a may enter into the space between the dummy bit 31a and the dummy bit 31a, and may prevent the cutter bit 24a from being pulled in. Therefore, when the cutter bit 24a starts to be retracted, the dummy bit 31a is moved back and forth in the vicinity of the opening 32 by slightly repeatedly expanding and contracting the hydraulic jack 45. Then, the gravel and the like that have entered the gap between the opening 32 and the dummy bit 31a are removed, and smooth retraction is possible.
Further, at this time, the rail grooves 25a and 26a of the guide rail 27 and the moving blocks 28 are moved from the respective grease injection holes 54.
Grease is injected into the guide surface with the guide portion 28a of the above, so that each moving block 28 moves smoothly with respect to the guide rail 27.

Further, at the same time when the cutter bit 24a located on the guide rail 27 is moved to the cutter storage box 34 side, the opening / closing valve 56 is opened and the filler supply hose 57 is opened.
The filler is supplied to each filler injection hole 58 via. Then, the space of the guide rail 27 formed by moving the moving block 28 is sequentially filled with the filler,
Intrusion of excavated soil into the guide rail 27 is prevented.
In this case, the filling of the filler may be stopped when the pressure inside the space of the guide rail 27 reaches a predetermined value.

The cutter bit 24 thus worn out
After storing a in the cutter storage box 34, the cutter storage box 3
The water in 4 is drained, a lid (not shown) is opened, and the cutter bit 24a is replaced with a new one. Then, after water is again poured into the cutter storage box 34, the opening 35 is opened by the second gate 39 and the hydraulic jack 45 is extended,
5 moving blocks 2 with new cutter bits
The cutter row to which the 8, connecting links 29, the connecting shaft 40, etc. are connected is pushed out from the cutter storage box 34, moved to a predetermined position on the guide rail 27, and the opening 35 is closed by the first gate 38. At this time, the moving block 28 to which the new cutter bit is attached moves while pushing the filler in the guide rail 27 outward, and the movement is not hindered by earth and sand.

When a new cutter bit or the like is returned to a predetermined position on the guide rail 27, the connecting shaft 40
And the tip of the drive rod 45a of the hydraulic jack 45 are released, and the cutter housing box 34 is removed from the support frame 37 by removing it from the mounting bolt 41. On the other hand, the gate lid 42 is attached to the support frame 37, and the link holding bracket 43 fixed to the connecting shaft 40 is fixed to the gate lid 42 by the mounting bolts 44, whereby a new cutter bit is placed at a predetermined position on the guide rail 27. Positioned. It should be noted that one Katta pork 23a has 2
The row of cutter bits 24a are provided, and the above-described replacement work is performed twice. When the work of exchanging the cutter bit 24a is completed in this way, the same work is performed on the other cutter bits 24b, 24c to perform the work of exchanging all the cutter bits 24a, 24b, 24c.

As described above, in the tunnel excavator of this embodiment, the cut head pork 23a of the cutter head 13,
Cutter bits 24a, 24 disposed on 23b, 23c
b and 24c are movably supported on a guide rail 27 via a moving block 28.
A cutter storage box 34 is connected to the end of the cutter via a gate mechanism 33. Therefore, the cutter bits 24a, 24b, 2
By pulling each of the 4c cutter rows into the cutter storage box 34, the cutter bits 24a, 24 can be easily and quickly provided.
b and 24c can be exchanged.

Further, the cutter bits 24a, 24b, 24
When c is pulled into the cutter storage box 34, the hydraulic jack 45 is slightly repeatedly expanded and contracted to move the dummy bit 31a back and forth in the vicinity of the opening 32. Therefore, the gravel and the like that have entered the gap between the opening 32 and the dummy bit 31a are removed, and smooth drawing can be performed.

Further, at the time of excavation work by rotating the cutter head 13 and replacement work of the cutter bits 24a, 24b, 24c, the guide rail 2 is guided through the many grease injection holes 54.
Grease is injected into the guide surfaces of the rail grooves 25a and 26a of No. 7 and the guide portion 28a of each moving block 28.
Therefore, intrusion of excavated soil into this portion is prevented, and each moving block 28 can be smoothly moved with respect to the guide rail 27.

Further, at the same time when the cutter bits 24a, 24b, 24c located on the guide rail 27 are moved to the cutter storage box 34 side, the moving block 28 is moved to fill the space of the guide rail 27 formed with the filler. Is filled. Therefore, infiltration of excavated soil into the guide rail 27 is prevented, and when the moving block 28 or the like having a new cutter bit is returned to a predetermined position of the guide rail 27, the moving block 28 is filled with the filler. The moving block 28 is moved while being pushed out, so that it is possible to prevent the movement of the moving block 28 from being obstructed by soil and the like.

In the above-described embodiment, the dummy bit 31a is attached to the moving block 28 as a closing member to close the opening 32.
1a may be a simple lid.

Further, the cutter storage box 34 is formed to be long so that all the cutter bits 24a, the moving blocks 28, the connecting links 29, the connecting shafts 40 and the like can be stored. 24a and the moving block 28 may be housed and replaced one by one. Also,
Although the cutter storage box 34 is fixed to the cutter head 13 side,
It may be supported on the excavator body 11 side and shared by the three cutter rows (cutter bits 24a, 24b, 24c). Further, although the hydraulic jack 45 as the cutter moving means is applied, the screw shaft may be rotated by a drive motor, and the cutter row may be connected to a nut screwed with the screw shaft so as to be movable.

Further, the above-described tunnel excavator is provided with cutter bits 24a, 24b, 2 on the front surface of the cutter head 13.
Although it has been described as a shield excavator in which only 4c is movable, it can also be applied to a tunnel boring machine in which a plurality of roller cutter rows are provided in the central portions of the cutas pork 23a, 23b, 23c. In this case, the cutter bit 2
Not only 4a, 24b and 24c but also the roller cutter row may be movable. And the cutter bits 24a, 24
The positions of b and 24c and the roller cutter are not limited to those in the above-described embodiment.

Although the tunnel excavator of the present invention has been described as a mud pressure type shield excavator in the above-mentioned embodiment, it may be a mud type shield excavator, in which case the screw conveyor 19 is used as the earth discharging means. A water pipe, a drain pipe, and an agitator may be used. Furthermore, it can be applied to tunnel boring machines.

[0057]

[0058]

As described above, the embodiments have been described in detail.
As described above, according to the cutter exchanging method for a tunnel excavator of the first aspect of the present invention, there is a plurality of cutter rows that connect a plurality of cutters located in front of the cutter head in series, and a series or a part of this cutter row. It is a tunnel excavator that can be exchanged with other cutters by pulling in along the guide rails into the cutter storage box, and a space portion formed in the guide rails as the cutter moves to the cutter storage box side. Since the filler is injected into the guide rail, the intrusion of excavated earth and sand into the guide rail is prevented, and when the new cutter is returned to the specified position on the guide rail, the movement of the cutter is not obstructed by earth and sand etc. The workability can be improved by smoothly moving the cutter row.

According to the tunnel excavator of the second aspect of the present invention, the cutter head is rotatably mounted on the front portion of the excavator body, and the guide rail is provided radially on the front surface of the cutter head. A moving block with a cutter attached is movably supported, a cutter storage box can be attached to and detached from the end of this guide rail via a gate mechanism, and the moving block and cutter located on the guide rail are removed by the cutter moving means. A lubricant injecting means for injecting lubricant into the guide section between the guide rail and the moving block can be pushed into the cutter housing box and the moving block and cutter located in the cutter housing box can be pushed out to the guide rail. Since it is provided, excavation earth and sand can be prevented from entering the guide section, and the cutter row can be moved smoothly with respect to the guide rails. It is possible to improve the resistance.

Further, according to the tunnel excavator of the third aspect of the invention, since the plurality of lubricant injection means are provided along the longitudinal direction of the guide rail, the cutter row can be smoothly moved over the entire area of the guide rail. Can be secured.

According to the tunnel excavator of the fourth aspect of the invention, the cutter head is rotatably mounted on the front portion of the excavator body, and the guide rail is provided radially on the front portion of the cutter head. A moving block with a cutter attached is movably supported, a cutter storage box can be attached to and detached from the end of this guide rail via a gate mechanism, and the moving block and cutter located on the guide rail are removed by the cutter moving means. The moving block and cutter that can be drawn into the cutter storage box and located inside the cutter storage box can be pushed out to the guide rail, and the moving block is moved to the cutter storage box side to form the space of the guide rail. Since the filler injecting means for injecting the filler is provided, intrusion of excavated soil into the guide rail is prevented and a new cutter is inserted. To return to the predetermined position of the rail, rather than the movement of the cutter is inhibited by such soil,
Workability can be improved by smoothly moving the cutter row.

According to the tunnel excavator of the fifth aspect of the present invention, since a plurality of filler injecting means are provided along the longitudinal direction of the guide rail, infiltration of excavated earth and sand over the entire area of the guide rail is prevented. It is possible to ensure smooth movement of the cutter row.

Further, according to the tunnel excavator of the sixth aspect of the invention, when the moving block is returned to the guide rail by the cutter moving means, the filler injected into the space of the guide rail is removed from the guide rail. Since it can be pushed out to one side, it is not necessary to collect the filler, and the cutter row can be moved smoothly to improve workability.

Further, according to the tunnel excavator of the invention of claim 7 , a cutter head is rotatably mounted on the front part of the excavator body, and a guide rail radially provided on the front part of the cutter head. A moving block with a cutter attached is movably supported, a cutter storage box can be attached to and detached from the end of this guide rail via a gate mechanism, and the moving block and cutter located on the guide rail are removed by the cutter moving means. It is possible to pull in and push out in the cutter storage box, and provided with a closing member that is connected to the moving block and closes the opening for pulling the cutter into the cutter storage box when the cutter is located in front of the cutter head. Therefore, excavated soil does not enter the excavator body from the opening during excavation due to the rotation of the cutter head. It can be carried out.

Further, according to the tunnel excavator of the eighth aspect of the present invention, since the closing member is the cutter, when the cutter is pulled into the cutter storage box, the cutter is moved back and forth in the vicinity of the opening to open the opening. The gravel and the like that have entered the gap between the cutter and the cutter are removed, and the cutter can be smoothly pulled in.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a tunnel excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway front view of the tunnel excavator.

FIG. 3 is a schematic front sectional view of the tunnel excavator.

FIG. 4 is a schematic front sectional view of the tunnel excavator when the cutter is replaced.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view (VV cross-section of FIG. 2) of the Kattus pork corresponding to the grease injection position.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view (cross-section VI-VI in FIG. 2) of the Kattus pork corresponding to the filler injection position.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing a grease injection pipe.

FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing a filler injection pipe.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a main part of a cutter head showing a dummy bit.

[Explanation of symbols]

11 Excavator body 13 cutter head 15 Hydraulic motor (cutter head drive means) 19 Screw conveyor (discharging means) 20 Shield jack (propulsion jack) 23a, 23b, 23c, 23d cutter spokes 24a, 24b, 24c Cutter bit 25a, 26b Rail groove (guide surface) 27 Guide rail 28 moving blocks 29 connection links 31a, 31b, 31c Dummy bit (closing member) 32 openings 33 Gate mechanism 34 Cutter storage room 35 opening 38, 39 gates 40 connecting shaft 45 Hydraulic jack (cutter moving means) 46 Connection pin (connection member) 53 distributor 54 Grease injection hole (Lubricant injection means) 55 Connection hose 56 Open / close valve 57 Filler supply hose 58 Filler injection hole (filler injection means)

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-10-280878 (JP, A) JP-A-10-184271 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) E21D 9/08-9/087 E21D 9/06 E21D 9/093

Claims (8)

(57) [Claims] 1. A plurality of cutter rows for connecting a plurality of cutters located in front of a cutter head in series are provided, and a series or a part of the cutter rows is drawn into a cutter storage box along a guide rail and the like. The excavator exchangable with the cutter of claim 1, characterized in that the filler is injected into the space formed in the guide rail as the cutter moves to the cutter storage box side. How to change the cutter of tunnel excavator. 2. A tubular excavator main body, a propulsion jack for advancing the excavator main body, a cutter head rotatably attached to a front portion of the excavator main body, and a cutter for driving and rotating the cutter head. Head driving means, guide rails radially provided on the front surface of the cutter head, moving blocks movably supported along the guide rails, cutters attached to the moving blocks, and A gate mechanism provided at an end of the guide rail on the center side of the cutter head, a cutter storage box detachable from the end of each guide rail via the gate mechanism, and the moving block located on the guide rail. And the movable block and the cutter, which are capable of retracting the cutter into the cutter storage box and are located in the cutter storage box, A cutter moving means that can be pushed out to a rail, a connecting member that detachably connects the cutter moving means and the moving block, and a lubricant injecting means that injects a lubricant into a guide portion between the guide rail and the moving block. And a soil discharging means for discharging the excavated soil generated by excavating the cutter head to the outside. 3. The tunnel excavator according to claim 2 , wherein a plurality of the lubricant injecting means are provided along the longitudinal direction of the guide rail. 4. A tubular excavator main body, a propulsion jack for advancing the excavator main body, a cutter head rotatably attached to a front portion of the excavator main body, and a cutter for driving and rotating the cutter head. Head driving means, guide rails radially provided on the front surface of the cutter head, moving blocks movably supported along the guide rails, cutters attached to the moving blocks, and A gate mechanism provided at an end of the guide rail on the center side of the cutter head, a cutter storage box detachable from the end of each guide rail via the gate mechanism, and the moving block located on the guide rail. And the movable block and the cutter, which are capable of retracting the cutter into the cutter storage box and are located in the cutter storage box, A cutter moving means that can be pushed out to a drail, a connecting member that detachably connects the cutter moving means and the moving block, and a space of the guide rail formed by moving the moving block to the cutter storage box side. A tunnel excavating machine comprising: a filler injecting means for injecting a filler into a portion; and a soil discharging means for discharging excavated earth and sand generated by excavating the cutter head to the outside. 5. The tunnel excavator according to claim 4 , wherein a plurality of the filler injecting means are provided along the longitudinal direction of the guide rail. 6. The tunnel excavator according to claim 4 , wherein when the moving block is returned to the guide rail by the cutter moving means, the filler injected into the space of the guide rail is the guide. A tunnel excavator characterized by being able to be pushed out of the rail. 7. A tubular excavator main body, a propulsion jack for advancing the excavator main body, a cutter head rotatably mounted on a front portion of the excavator main body, and a cutter for driving and rotating the cutter head. Head driving means, guide rails radially provided on the front surface of the cutter head, moving blocks movably supported along the guide rails, cutters attached to the moving blocks, and A gate mechanism provided at an end of the guide rail on the center side of the cutter head, a cutter storage box detachable from the end of each guide rail via the gate mechanism, and the moving block located on the guide rail. And a cutter moving means capable of pulling in and pushing out the cutter into the cutter housing box, and the cutter moving means and the moving block being detachable. A connecting member connecting the closure member to close the opening for retracting the cutter in the cutter inside the storage box when the cutter is connected to the moving block is positioned at the front side of the cutter head, the cutter A tunnel excavator, comprising: a discharging means for discharging the excavated soil generated by excavating the head to the outside. 8. The tunnel excavator according to claim 7 , wherein the closing member is a cutter.