JP3757357B2 - Rotating cutter regeneration method and apparatus for shield machine - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for regenerating a rotary cutter of a shield machine.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, as shield tunnel excavation work has become longer, maintenance of rotating cutters with a centering function called a shield bit or fishtail has become a problem. Various methods for exchanging cutters have been proposed. For example, a shaft for exchanging bits is built in the middle of the tunnel excavation position, and when a shield excavator arrives in this shaft, it is fixed to the tunnel excavator at the front end of the excavator in the shaft There is a replacement method using a middle shaft method in which replacement work of a cutter bit and a rotating cutter is performed (first conventional example).
[0003]
In addition, in the ground of the tunnel excavation planned position, an improved ground layer with high stability is formed by injecting a ground hardener, and stopped in a state where the tip of the shield excavator has entered the improved ground layer, Improving the front surface of the ground by improving the front surface of the tunnel excavation cutter from the chamber manhole and manually replacing the cutter bit and rotating cutter in the space formed on the front side of the tunnel excavation cutter. There is an exchange method by a method (second conventional example).
[0004]
Furthermore, after the shield machine reaches the bit exchange position, the ground around the front and front ends of the shield machine is improved to a highly stable ground from the inside of the tunnel by a freezing method. The improved soil on the front side of the excavation cutter is discharged manually, and the excavation cutter is replaced by a front-side ground improvement method after exchanging the cutter bit and rotary cutter in the space on the front side of the tunnel excavation cutter. There is a method (third conventional example).
[0005]
In addition, the shield machine itself has a dry space where the cutter bit can be replaced by a mechanical structure, or the excavation cutter can be swung back and forth or pulled into the mine as in the case of the spherical shield method, for example. There is a replacement method using a mechanical structure system such as a mechanical structure that can be installed in a shield machine in advance (fourth conventional example). By the way, the sphere shield machine is a child with a sphere slidably housed inside a master machine that slidably houses a cylindrical body inside a cylindrical sheath tube, and a rotator within the sphere. It is a machine that houses the excavator.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the first to fourth conventional examples have the following problems.
First, in the first conventional example, it is necessary to construct a shaft at the replacement position, which takes a long time in process and increases the cost. Furthermore, it is necessary to secure a large site for the construction of the shaft, and there are also locational restrictions.
[0007]
Further, in the second conventional example, it is necessary to perform work such as excavation of the improved ground and removal of excavated earth and sand, and the necessity of water stoppage between the shield machine and the improved ground. There is a problem with safety, and a long process is required.
[0008]
Further, in the third conventional example, since ground improvement is performed from the inside of the pit by a freezing method, construction cannot be performed in a small-diameter shield tunnel, and occurrence of ground fluctuation is also predicted due to freezing and thawing. Furthermore, the process takes a long time and the construction cost is high.
[0009]
In addition, if the spherical shield machine of the fourth conventional example is used, the rotary cutter can be replaced from within the shield machine, but the structure of the tunnel excavation cutter part becomes complicated and the manufacturing cost of the shield machine increases. In addition, the overall length of the excavator itself becomes longer.
[0010]
A technical problem of the present invention is to make it possible to easily regenerate a rotary cutter in a shield machine with a simple structure.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the rotating cutter regeneration method for a shield machine according to the present invention, a plate is fixed to a cylindrical rotating body arranged at the center of rotation of the cutter head of the shield machine so as to cover the front surface. A shield machine that forms a hole that communicates with the inside and outside of the rotating body, and that is arranged at the center of the front end of the shield machine so that it can expand and contract in the radial direction, and is fixed so that the rotary cutter can be inserted through the plate hole when retracted. In order to regenerate the rotary cutter during tunnel excavation, a rotary cutter replacement box equipped with a rotary cutter insertion / removal means and a gate is attached to the rear of the hole of the plate, and the rotary cutter insertion / removal means and the rotary cutter are connected. The rotary cutter is released from the plate, the rotary cutter is degenerated, and the rotary cutter is exchanged from the hole of the plate by the rotary cutter insertion / removal means. Pull in the box, close the gate, open the rotating cutter housing part of the rotating cutter replacement box, replace the rotating cutter partly or entirely, and close the rotating cutter housing part of the rotating cutter replacement box. Open the gate, insert the regenerative rotating cutter into the front side of the plate through the hole of the plate with the rotary cutter insertion / extraction means, fix the extended revolving rotating cutter to the plate, and remove the rotating cutter replacement box It is characterized by doing.
[0012]
The device used in this method has a cylindrical rotating body arranged at the center of rotation of the cutter head of the shield machine and a hole communicating with the outside of the rotating body, and is fixed so as to cover the front surface of the rotating body. And a rotating cutter that is extendable in the radial direction, formed so as to be able to be inserted through the hole of the plate when retracted, and disposed at the center of the front end of the shield machine and removably fixed to the plate. It is provided.
[0013]
In this apparatus, a groove in which the rear end portion of the rotary cutter can be fitted is provided on the front end surface of the plate, and the hole is formed in the bottom portion of the groove.
[0014]
Further, in this apparatus, the rotary cutter is divided into a plurality of parts in the radial direction, and these divided bodies are connected so as to be expandable / contractable in the radial direction by an expansion / contraction mechanism.
[0015]
Further, in this apparatus, a rotary cutter replacement box is detachably attached to the rotary body, and the rotary cutter replacement box has a rotary cutter insertion / removal means and a lid for accommodating the rotary cutter drawn by the rotary cutter insertion / removal means. A rotary cutter accommodating chamber and a gate for shielding the rotary cutter accommodating chamber from the hole side space of the plate and maintaining watertightness are provided.
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, a method and apparatus for regenerating a rotary cutter of a shield machine according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a state of a cutter head portion of a shield machine according to the present embodiment during tunnel excavation, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view corresponding to FIG. 1 showing a state before the rotary cutter is pulled into the rotary cutter replacement box, and FIG. 4 is a transverse sectional view corresponding to FIG. FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view corresponding to FIG. 1 showing a state in which the rotating cutter is drawn into the rotating cutter replacement box, and FIG. 6 is a transverse sectional view corresponding to FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 1, FIG. 8 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the rotary cutter and the plate in an exploded state in the state of FIG. 1, and FIG. It is a front view of the seen plate part.
[0017]
The front end portion of the shield machine according to the present embodiment includes a cylindrical skin plate 1 and a partition wall 2 provided slightly behind the front end of the skin plate 1. A cone-shaped rotating body 3 is rotatably attached to the central portion of the partition wall 2, and a cutter head 4 is provided on the leading end side of the rotating body 3 so as to cover the front end of the skin plate 1. A drilling chamber 5 is formed between the two. In the cutter head 4, a plurality of cutter spokes 6 are radially formed as shown in FIG.
[0018]
A plate 7 is fixed to the tip of the rotating body 3 so as to cover it. As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the plate 7 is provided with a groove 7a on the front end face thereof, and a hole 7b is formed at the center of the bottom of the groove 7a. The groove 7a is called a fish tail when tunneling. The rear part of the rotary cutter 8 is fitted and fixed to the plate 7 by fixing means (not shown) so that it can rotate integrally with the rotary body 3. The rotator 3 itself is configured to be able to rotate by transmitting power through a ring gear from a drive motor (not shown) installed inside the partition wall 2. Inside the partition wall 2, a skin plate extrusion jack 60 and a screw conveyor 70 for discharging the excavated soil in the excavation chamber 5 are further provided.
[0019]
The rotary cutter 8 is divided into a plurality (three in this case) in the radial direction, and these divided bodies 8a, 8b, and 8c are connected to each other so as to expand and contract in the radial direction by an expansion / contraction mechanism 9 made of, for example, a cylinder or a turnbuckle. That is, the main body portion 9a of the expansion / contraction mechanism 9 is fixed to the division body 8b located at the center, and the division bodies 8a and 8c on both sides are fixed to the rod portions 9b and 9c protruding from both ends of the expansion / contraction mechanism 9, The ridge lines of the chevron formed at the cutter portions of the divided bodies 8a, 8b, and 8c at the stroke end of the mechanism 9 are set so as to coincide (continue). Further, the divided body 8b located at the center has a front end portion formed in the cutter 8d, and the rear end side is composed of two panels 8e and 8f (FIG. 2), and the divided body on both sides is between the panels 8e and 8f. It is configured as an accommodating portion 8g (FIGS. 1 and 8) at the time of degeneration of 8a and 8c. Further, the rear ends of the panels 8e and 8f are set to a length that slightly penetrates the hole 7b of the plate 7, and a connecting portion 8h to a rotating cutter inserting / removing means described later is provided at the center of the rear end edge. Accordingly, in the tunnel excavation state of FIGS. 1 and 2, a part of the rear end portion of the panels 8e and 8f penetrates the hole 7b of the plate 7, and the radial movement is prevented at the edge of the hole 7b. Further, both shoulder portions, that is, the rear end edges of the both-side divided bodies 8a and 8c are in contact with the bottom of the groove 7a of the plate 7, and are fixed to the plate 7 by fixing means (not shown). Further, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, when the divided bodies 8a and 8c on both sides are retracted and accommodated in the accommodating portion 8g, the entire rotary cutter 8 can be drawn into the machine through the hole 7b of the plate 7. ing.
[0020]
A rotating cutter replacement box 11 is detachably attached to the rotating body 3 as shown in FIGS. 3 to 6. The rotating cutter replacement box 11 basically has a cross-section surrounding the rectangular hole 7b of the plate 7 and extends rearward. In the middle of the rotating cutter replacement box 11, a flange for fixing to the rear end of the cylindrical portion of the rotating body 3 is provided. 12 and a gate 15 capable of isolating the space in the box between a front chamber 13 which is a hole side space and a rear rotary cutter accommodating chamber 14 are provided, and by closing the gate 15, the watertightness of the rotary cutter accommodating chamber 14 is maintained. It has come to be. Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the rotary cutter accommodating chamber 14 is formed of a lid 16 that can be opened and closed on one side, and a cylinder 17 as a rotary cutter insertion / removal means is attached to the rear end wall portion. The cylinder 17 is provided with a locking portion 17b with the connecting portion 8h of the rotary cutter 8 at the tip of the piston rod 17a, and has a stroke for retracting the rotary cutter 8 into the rotary cutter accommodating chamber 14. Yes.
[0021]
Further, as shown in FIG. 9, the rotating body 3 is provided with cutter bit supply holes 3a through which the cutter bits 18 can be inserted at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction (here, four locations), and the positions of these cutter bit supply holes 3a. Each of the cut spokes 6 is arranged and fixed.
[0022]
As shown in FIG. 7, the cutter pork 6 is formed with a cutter bit mounting groove 6 a that communicates with the cutter bit supply hole 3 a of the rotating body 3 and extends in the radial direction. The cutter bit mounting groove 6a has a substantially U-shaped cross section with an open front surface. The cutter bit 18 is inserted into the cutter bit mounting groove 6a in a state where the bit portion 18a of the cutter bit 18 protrudes from the slit 6b which is the front surface opening. The bit support pieces 18b can be accommodated, and a plurality of cutter bits 18 can be slidably supported in a row.
[0023]
Further, a cutter bit fixing device 21 for releasably fixing the cutter bit row in the cutter bit mounting groove 6a is provided on the back side of the cutter spoke 6. The cutter bit fixing device 21 has a corrugated surface 22a that can be fitted into a trough-shaped locking recess 18c formed on the rear surface of the bit support piece 18b of each cutter bit 18, and each cutter bit fixing device 21 has a wavy surface 22a. The locking block 22 inserted and arranged on the back side of the cutter bit 18 and the longitudinal end portions of the locking block 22 are supported from the back side, and the locking block 22 is driven forward and backward with respect to the cutter bit row. Each cutter bit 18 in the cutter bit mounting groove 6a is constituted by a pair of hydraulic cylinders 23 and 24 which are clamped by the edge of the slit 6b and the waved surface 22a, or released by releasing these engagements. Has been.
[0024]
In addition, an inner cylinder 25 that is watertight and can be rotated relative to the rotator 3 is provided inside the rotator 3. As shown in FIG. 9, the inner cylinder 25 is formed with a single opening 25a that selectively matches each cutter bit supply hole 3a of the rotating body 3, and a new cutter bit is placed inside the opening 25a. A cutter bit supply device (not shown) for setting is provided. The cutter bit supply device pushes in and supplies a new cutter bit from the rotation center side of the cutter head 4, and wears at the end of the cutter bit mounting groove 6a. The old cutter bit, which is severe, is pushed out in the outer peripheral direction and can be sequentially replaced with a new cutter bit.
[0025]
Next, the rotating cutter regeneration method for the shield machine according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9 based on FIGS. At the time of digging by the shield machine, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the divided bodies 8 a, 8 b, and 8 c of the rotary cutter 8 are fixed to the plate 7 while being extended by the expansion / contraction mechanism 9, and rotate integrally with the rotary body 3. .
[0026]
In order to regenerate the rotary cutter 8, first, the rotation of the cutter head 4 is stopped, and the rotary joint that connects the fixed part and the movable part, such as a cable and hydraulic piping, is removed. Next, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the rotary cutter replacement box 11 is attached to the rear side of the hole 7 b of the plate 7, and the locking portion 17 b at the tip of the piston rod 17 a of the cylinder 17 serving as the rotary cutter insertion / removal means and the rotary cutter 8 is connected to the connecting portion 8h, the fixing of the rotary cutter 8 is released and released from the plate 7, and the both-side divided bodies 8a and 8c of the rotary cutter 8 are retracted and accommodated in the accommodating portion 8g. .
[0027]
Next, the piston rod 17a of the cylinder 17 is retracted, and the rotary cutter 8 is drawn into the rotary cutter replacement box 11 from the hole 7b of the plate 7, and is accommodated in the rotary cutter accommodation chamber 14 as shown in FIGS. After that, the gate 15 is closed to ensure watertightness in the rotary cutter accommodating chamber 14.
[0028]
Next, the lid 16 of the rotary cutter accommodating chamber 14 is removed, and among the divided bodies 8a, 8b, and 8c of the rotary cutter 8, for example, the both-side divided bodies 8a and 8c that are relatively worn are replaced, or the divided body is changed depending on the worn state. Replace all 8a, 8b, 8. Thereafter, the reproduction rotating cutter is installed at the tip of the cutter head 4 by the reverse procedure to that described above.
[0029]
That is, after closing the lid 16 of the rotary cutter accommodating chamber 14, the gate 15 is opened, the piston rod 17a of the cylinder 17 is extended, and the regenerative rotary cutter is inserted through the hole 7b of the plate 7 to the front side of the plate. Next, after the both-side divided body of the regenerative rotation cutter is extended to the stroke end in the groove 7a of the plate 7, the regenerative rotation cutter is fixed to the plate 7 by fixing means (not shown). Thereafter, the locking portion 17b at the tip of the piston rod 17a of the cylinder 17 is disconnected from the connecting portion 8h of the rotary cutter 8, the rotary cutter replacement box 11 is removed, and a rotary joint is installed.
[0030]
In the above-described embodiment, the rotary cutter is divided into three parts as an example, but it may be divided into a larger number. For example, the both-side divided body has a multi-stage structure in a telescopic manner, and the rear end portion of the previous divided body and the front end portion of the rear divided body are closely fitted (or engaged) at the time of extension, and these are integrated together at the time of degeneration. Then, it may be retracted and accommodated in the accommodating portion formed in the central divided body. By adopting such a configuration, it becomes possible to make the replacement part of the rotary cutter only a limited specific part where the wear is severe, thereby improving the economy. Furthermore, since the connection between the expansion / contraction mechanism and the divided body is basically the connection between the most advanced divided bodies on both sides, the expansion / contraction mechanism can have a single configuration as in the above-described embodiment.
[0031]
In the above-described embodiment, the linear rotary cutter has been described as an example. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, a cross-shaped or star-shaped rotary cutter is used, and these are used in the radial direction (including the radial direction). The plate is formed with a cruciform or star-shaped groove that can be fitted to the rear end of the plate, and the cruciform or star-shaped rotating cutter is inserted into the bottom of the groove when retracted. A box for exchanging a rotating cutter provided with a possible cross-shaped or star-shaped hole and detachably attached to the rotating body is also a cross-shaped or star-shaped box. In this case, a cross-shaped or star-shaped cylinder is used as the expansion / contraction mechanism of the rotary cutter. In this cylinder, a pressure chamber for expansion is provided in common in the center of the cross or star, and a pressure chamber for degeneration is provided individually according to the cross or star. In this way, the expansion / contraction mechanism has a single configuration, can be installed in a narrow space, and an expandable / contractible cross-shaped or star-shaped rotating cutter can be realized.
[0032]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the rotary cutter is configured to be extendable and contractable in the radial direction, and the plate for fixing the rotary cutter is provided with a hole through which the rotary cutter can be inserted when the rotary cutter is retracted. As a result, the structure was simplified, and an inexpensive shield machine capable of easily regenerating the rotary cutter in the machine could be obtained.
[0033]
In addition, the front end surface of the plate is provided with a groove into which the rear end of the rotary cutter can be fitted, and a hole into which the rotary cutter can be inserted when retracted is formed at the bottom of the groove. Fixing work could be done easily.
[0034]
In addition, the rotary cutter is divided into a plurality of parts in the radial direction, and these divided parts are connected so that they can be expanded and contracted in the radial direction by an expansion / contraction mechanism. As a result, economic efficiency improved.
[0035]
In addition, a rotary cutter replacement box is detachably attached to the rotary body, and the rotary cutter replacement box accommodates the rotary cutter with a lid that holds the rotary cutter drawn in by the rotary cutter and the rotary cutter. Since the chamber and the gate for keeping the watertightness by shielding the rotating cutter housing chamber from the hole side space of the plate were provided, the regenerating work of the rotating cutter could be easily and safely performed in the shield machine.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a state of a cutter head of a shield machine according to an embodiment of the present invention during tunnel excavation.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 1 as viewed from an angle different by 90 ° in the rotation direction.
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view corresponding to FIG. 1 showing a state before the rotary cutter of the shield machine according to the present embodiment is drawn into the rotary cutter replacement box.
4 is a transverse cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 2 as seen from an angle different from that of FIG. 3 by 90 ° in the rotation direction.
FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view corresponding to FIG. 1 showing a state in which the rotary cutter of the shield machine according to the present embodiment is drawn into the rotary cutter replacement box.
6 is a transverse cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 2 as seen from an angle different from that of FIG. 5 by 90 ° in the rotation direction.
7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG.
FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the rotary cutter and the plate in an exploded state in the state of FIG. 1;
FIG. 9 is a front view of the plate portion as seen from the direction of the line BB in FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
3 Rotating body 4 Cutter head 7 Plate 7a Plate groove 7b Plate hole 8 Rotating cutters 8a, 8b, 8c Split body 9 Extending mechanism 11 Rotating cutter replacement box 14 Rotating cutter accommodating chamber 15 Gate 16 Lid 17 Cylinder (Rotating cutter) Insertion and removal means)

Claims (5)

A plate is fixed to the cylindrical rotating body arranged at the center of rotation of the cutter head of the shield machine so as to cover the front surface, and the plate is formed with a hole communicating with the outside of the rotating body. Using a shield machine that is placed in the center of the front end of the shield machine so that it can expand and contract in the radial direction, and that can be removably fixed when retracted, the rotary cutter can be removed during tunnel tunneling. A method of playing,
Attaching a rotating cutter replacement box including a rotating cutter inserting / removing means and a gate to the rear of the hole of the plate;
Connecting the rotary cutter inserting / removing means and the rotary cutter;
Releasing the rotating cutter from the plate;
A step of degenerating the rotary cutter;
Drawing the rotary cutter into the rotary cutter replacement box from the hole of the plate by the rotary cutter inserting and removing means, and closing the gate;
Opening the rotary cutter housing of the rotary cutter replacement box, and replacing the rotary cutter partially or entirely;
A step of closing the rotary cutter housing portion of the rotary cutter replacement box and then opening the gate, and inserting and extending the regenerative rotary cutter from the hole of the plate to the front side of the plate by the rotary cutter insertion / extraction means; and
Fixing the extended regenerative rotation cutter to the plate;
Removing the rotating cutter replacement box;
A method for regenerating a rotary cutter of a shield machine, comprising: A cylindrical rotating body arranged at the center of rotation of the cutter head of the shield machine,
A plate having a hole communicating with the outside of the rotating body and fixed so as to cover the front surface of the rotating body;
A rotary cutter that is extendable in the radial direction, formed so as to be able to be inserted through the hole of the plate at the time of retraction, and disposed at the center of the front end of the shield machine, and removably fixed to the plate;
A rotating cutter regenerator for a shield machine, comprising: 3. The rotating cutter regeneration of a shield machine according to claim 2, wherein a groove in which a rear end portion of the rotating cutter can be fitted is provided on a front end surface of the plate, and the hole is formed in a bottom portion of the groove. apparatus. The rotary cutter regeneration of a shield machine according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the rotary cutter is divided into a plurality of parts in the radial direction, and these divided bodies are connected to each other so as to expand and contract in the radial direction by an expansion / contraction mechanism. apparatus. A rotating cutter replacement box is detachably attached to the rotating body, and the rotating cutter replacement box accommodates the rotating cutter withdrawing / removing means and the rotating cutter withdrawn by the rotating cutter inserting / removing means. 5. The shield machine according to claim 2, further comprising a chamber and a gate that shields the rotary cutter accommodation chamber from a hole side space of the plate and maintains water tightness. Rotating cutter playback device.

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