JP4166959B2 - Cutter head of shield machine - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a cutter head of a shield machine, and more particularly to a cutter head that can easily and safely replace a disk cutter from within a cutter head spoke.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In general, shield tunneling machines are widely used as practical excavators for constructing various shield mines (such as water and sewage tunnels, subway tunnels, communication cable tunnels, and common ditch tunnels) using the shield method. .
[0003]
In recent years, a rotary cutter head has been deployed on the front of the main body of the excavator as a shield excavator for rock, hard ground, earth and sand, etc., and a plurality of disc cutters and a plurality of disc cutters on the cutter head spoke or cutter head face plate A shield machine with a tool bit is used. The rock cutter and boulder are excavated by the disc cutters, and the earth and sand are excavated by the tool bits. Each disk cutter is provided at a position preceding the front (face side) of each tool bit. As a result, excavation by the disk cutter is surely performed in the rock mass part and the boulder part.
[0004]
By the way, if the rock layer and the boulder layer are dug up and the excavation distance is long, the disc cutter provided in the cutter head may be worn and worn, and the disc cutter may need to be replaced.
[0005]
Conventionally, when exchanging a disk cutter, the ground improvement agent is injected into the front ground, and the ground is improved by, for example, freezing the front ground, and water, earth and sand flow into the chamber. A method in which the operator enters the chamber and replaces the disk cutter after the state is not set. However, according to this method, since the disk cutter is replaced after the ground is improved, the cost is high, and it takes a considerable time until the ground is improved. There is a problem. Further, although the front ground is improved, there is a problem in that there is a concern in terms of safety because the operator must enter the chamber and the disk cutter located near the ground must be replaced.
[0006]
As prior art for solving such problems, for example, those disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 2000-96987 and 2000-96986 are known. Both publications do not require ground improvement of the ground, prevent the inflow of water, earth and sand from the face into the cutter head spoke, and safely replace the disc cutter from within the cutter head spoke. A cutter head is disclosed.
[0007]
In the cutter head disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-96987, a disk cutter support member that rotatably supports the disk cutter is provided on the cutter head spoke via a rotation support mechanism, and the disk cutter support member is provided. Is rotated to a predetermined position, the disk cutter support member shields the face and the inside of the cutter head spoke so that the operator can safely exchange the disk cutter from the inside of the cutter head spoke.
[0008]
On the other hand, in the cutter head disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-96986, a disk cutter support member that rotatably supports the disk cutter is slidably fitted into a cylindrical member fixed to the cutter head spoke front plate. In addition, the cylindrical member is provided with a slide gate for opening and closing the cylindrical member. After the disk cutter support member is pulled down to a predetermined position, the slide member is closed when the cylindrical member is closed. The gate shields the face and the inside of the cutter head spoke so that the operator can safely exchange the disc cutter from the inside of the cutter head spoke.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the cutter head disclosed in the Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-96987, the rotation support mechanism is configured such that the both side portions of the disc cutter support member formed in a partial spherical shape (convex shape) or a partial cylindrical surface shape are provided. Since this rotary seat forming member is rotatably supported by a rotary seat forming member having a rotary seat that engages with both side portions, and the rotary seat forming member is fixed to a pair of side plates of the cutter head spoke. Is considerably larger than the disc cutter diameter. Therefore, the arrangement of the disk cutter is limited, and there is a problem that it becomes difficult to arrange the disk cutter particularly at the corner portion of the cutter head. Further, since the disc cutter support member is also enlarged, there is a problem that handling and the like when exchanging the disc cutter are troublesome.
[0010]
On the other hand, in the cutter head disclosed in JP 2000-96986 A, a sliding space for opening and closing the slide gate is required inside the cutter head spoke. As in the prior art, there is a problem that the arrangement of the disk cutter is limited.
[0011]
The present invention has been made to solve such problems, and enables switching between the excavation position and the water stop position of the disc cutter with a compact configuration, and exchanging the disc cutter without performing ground improvement. It is an object of the present invention to provide a cutter head of a shield machine that can be safely and easily performed from the inside of a cutter head spoke and can contribute to cost reduction and shortening of a construction period.
[0012]
[Means for solving the problems and actions / effects]
In order to achieve the above object, the cutter head of the shield machine according to the present invention comprises:
In a cutter head of a shield machine equipped with a cutter head spoke and a disk cutter arranged on the front surface of the cutter head spoke,
The secured to the cutter head spokes, water into the cutter head spoke inside the box disc cutter mounted to prevent the inflow of such sand, it is rotatably pivoted via a pivot shaft to the disc cutter mounting box Rutotomoni And a disc cutter cover that rotatably supports the disc cutter,
The bottom cover of the disc cutter mounting box is configured to be openable and closable with respect to the side wall, and the disc cutter is rotated by rotating the pivot shaft of the disc cutter cover by 180 ° relative to the disc cutter mounting box. It is configured to be switchable between an excavation position for excavation facing the face and a water stop position that shields the face and the cutter head spoke with the disc cutter cover,
After switching to the water stop position, the bottom cover of the disc cutter mounting box is removed from the side wall so that the disc cutter can be replaced from the inside of the cutter head spoke.
[0013]
According to the present invention, even when the disc cutter is switched from the excavation position to the water stop position by the pivoting operation of the pivot shaft, water, earth and sand flow into the cutter head spoke by the disc cutter mounting box. Is prevented. Further, when the disc cutter is in the water stop position, the disc cutter cover shields the face and the inside of the cutter head spoke, so that even if the bottom cover of the disc cutter mounting box is opened, the disc cutter cover can cut the cutter. Inflow of water, earth and sand, etc. into the head spoke is prevented. Therefore, the disc cutter can be replaced without being bothered by water, earth and sand, etc. by opening the bottom cover of the disc cutter mounting box after the water stop position is set by the pivoting operation of the pivot shaft. can do. Therefore, the disk cutter can be replaced safely and easily from the inside of the cutter head spoke without improving the ground, which can contribute to cost reduction and shortening the construction period.
[0014]
Further, according to the present invention, since the disc cutter cover is pivotally supported by the disc cutter mounting box, the excavation position and the water stop position are switched with a relatively small turning radius. be able to. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the size and facilitate the arrangement of the disk cutter and the handling when replacing the disk cutter.
[0015]
In the present invention, at the excavation position, the rotation center of the disc cutter covers the disc cutter cover so that the disc cutter protrudes to the face side to a position that coincides with or exceeds the outermost circumference of the rotation locus of the disc cutter cover. It is good to make it eccentric prior to the face side of the center of rotation (second invention). By doing so, the disc cutter cover is rotated without interfering with the face, and the switching from the excavation position to the water stop position is performed smoothly. Therefore, there is an effect that the disk cutter can be replaced without retracting the shield machine.
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, specific embodiments of the cutter head of the shield machine according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0017]
FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration diagram of a shield machine according to an embodiment of the present invention, and is a view taken along line AA in a front view (a), a main part longitudinal sectional view (b), and (b). Partial enlarged sectional views (c) are respectively shown. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an essential part for explaining the rotation support structure of the disk cutter. Further, FIG. 3 shows a sectional view (a) taken along line XX in FIG. 2 and a sectional view (b) taken along line YY in FIG. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the disk cutter replacement procedure.
[0018]
As shown in FIG. 1B, the shield machine 1 of the present embodiment includes a cutter head 3 that is rotatably provided at the front portion of the shield body 2 via a bearing 4, and rotationally drives the cutter head 3. And a cutter head driving device 5 for the purpose. A chamber 7 is defined between the cutter head 3 and the partition wall 6 of the shield body 2, and in the shield body 2, a shield jack (not shown) for generating a thrust for excavation and an excavated tunnel are formed. A segment erector device (not shown) for assembling a segment on the inner surface of the slab, a soil removal device (not shown) for discharging the excavated earth and sand, etc. to the downstream side are provided.
[0019]
As shown in FIG. 1A, the cutter head 3 includes a cutter head frame 10 in which a plurality of cutter head spokes 11 extending radially from a central portion are fixed to a cylindrical member 12, and the cutter head frame. 10 includes a plurality of disk cutters 13 and tool bits 14 disposed on the front surface. As shown in FIG. 1C, a passage 11A is defined in the cutter head spoke 11 by a front plate 11a, a back plate 11b, a right side plate 11c, and a left side plate 11d. The passage 11A is wide enough to allow the operator to replace the disk cutter 13 described later. In addition, each disk cutter 13 is set in a radial position so that it can be excavated uniformly with respect to the face, and rolls with the rotation of the cutter head 3 so as to roll from the front plate 11 a of the cutter head spoke 11. A predetermined amount protrudes. On the other hand, each tool bit 14 protrudes to a position retracted by a predetermined amount from each disk cutter 13, and is fixed to both sides of each cutter head spoke 11, that is, the right side plate 11c and the left side plate 11d. Thus, the rock cutters are excavated by the respective disc cutters 13, the earth and sand portions are excavated by the tool bits 14, and the excavation by the disc cutters 13 is surely performed at the rock discs. Yes.
[0020]
The cutter head 3 of the present embodiment is configured so that the disk cutter 13 can be exchanged safely and easily from the inside of the cutter head spoke 11. Hereinafter, the configuration will be described in detail.
[0021]
As shown in FIG. 2, the cutter head 3 according to the present embodiment is fixed to the back side of the front plate 11 a of the cutter head spoke 11 corresponding to each disk cutter 13, and water, earth and sand inside the cutter head spoke 11. A disc cutter mounting box 21 for preventing the inflow of the disc cutter and a disc cutter cover 22 pivotally supported by the disc cutter mounting box 21 and rotatably supporting each disc cutter 13. By rotating the shaft 22a by 180 degrees, the excavation position (see FIG. 4A) where the disc cutter 13 faces the face is excavated (see FIG. 4A), and the face and the cutter head spoke 11 are separated by the disc cutter cover 22. It is comprised so that it can switch to the water stop position (refer FIG.4 (c)) which shields.
[0022]
The bottom of the disc cutter mounting box 21 is structured such that a flat bottom cover 21a is fastened to the side walls 21b and 21b by bolts 31 and can be opened and closed by attaching and detaching the bolts 31. Further, shaft holes 21c and 21c that engage with the respective pivot shafts 22a and 22a of the disc cutter cover 22 are formed in the pair of side walls 21b and 21b of the disc cutter mounting box 21, respectively.
[0023]
The disc cutter cover 22 has a pair of substantially fan-shaped side walls 22b and 22b having a pivot shaft 22a and the outer peripheral portions thereof connected to each other by a partial cylindrical wall 22c. The disc cutter 13 can be accommodated in a space formed by Further, the disk cutter cover 22 is configured to block the face side opening of the disk cutter mounting box 21 when the disk cutter cover 22 is arranged on the face side by the pivoting operation of the pivot shaft 22a. Therefore, when the water stop position is reached by the pivoting operation of the pivot shaft 22a, the disc cutter mounting box 21 is closed by the disc cutter cover 22, and the face and the cutter head spoke 11 are shielded. .
[0024]
In the disc cutter cover 22, as shown in FIG. 3A, the side walls 22 b and 22 b of the respective side walls 22 b and 22 b are projected so that the disc cutter 13 protrudes from the front plate 11 a of the cutter head spoke 11 at the excavation position. The shaft portion 13a of the disc cutter 13 is fitted into the recess 22e formed inside. Further, by fastening a retainer 25 as a lid member that engages with the recess 22e with a bolt 32, the shaft portion 13a of the disc cutter 13 is fixed to the disc cutter cover 22, and when the retainer 25 is attached or detached, the disc cutter 13 It can be attached and detached. Thus, when the excavation position is switched to the water stop position by the pivoting operation of the pivot shaft 22a, the retainer 25 is disposed inside the cutter head spoke 11, and the disk cutter 13 is attached and detached from the cutter head spoke 11. Is possible.
[0025]
At the end of each pivot shaft 22a of the disc cutter cover 22, as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3B, an operation portion 22d for rotating the disc cutter cover 22 is formed. The operation portion 22d is provided so as to protrude from the outer surface of the disc cutter mounting box 21 and has a hexagonal cross section. From the viewpoint of miniaturization, each pivot shaft 22a is flush without protruding from the outer surface of the disc cutter mounting box 21, and an operation portion in which a hexagonal hole is formed at the end of each pivot shaft 22a. Also good. Thus, the operation of the disc cutter cover 22 can be performed by rotating the operating portion 22d manually or by driving means from the inside of the cutter head spoke 11, and switching between the excavation position and the water stop position can be performed from the inside of the cutter head spoke 11. It can be done easily.
[0026]
Between the inner side of the disc cutter mounting box 21 and the outer side of the disc cutter cover 22, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a row of seal members 26 are provided at positions suitable for sealing both. The gap between the disc cutter mounting box 21 and the disc cutter cover 22 is sealed. A seal member 27 is also provided between each shaft hole 21c of the disc cutter mounting box 21 and each pivot shaft 22a of the disc cutter cover 22, and a gap between the shaft hole 21c and the pivot shaft 22a is provided. Seal.
[0027]
In this embodiment, at the excavation position, the disc cutter mounting box 21 and the disc cutter cover 22 are fastened with bolts 33 as shown in FIG. 3B in order to maintain the excavation position. It is configured. On the other hand, when the bolts 33 are removed, the disc cutter cover 22 becomes free, and the excavation position and the water stop position are switched by the turning operation of the pivot shaft 22a.
[0028]
Next, the operation of the shield machine 1 configured as described above and the procedure for replacing the disk cutter 13 will be described.
[0029]
When performing excavation work, the disc cutter 13 is set to the excavation position on the face side, and the disc cutter mounting box 21 and the disc cutter cover 22 are fastened with the bolts 33 to hold the excavation position.
[0030]
During normal excavation for excavating the tunnel straight, the cutter head 3 is rotated by driving the cutter head drive device 5 to excavate the face with a number of disk cutters 13 and tool bits 14 and a shield (not shown) The aircraft is propelled by pushing the jack against a segment (not shown) and taking it out (stretching the reaction force). The excavated soil and the like are sent into the chamber 7 and discharged to the downstream side by a soil removal device (not shown). After excavating for one stroke of the shield jack, the segment for one divided ring is carried in, assembled by a segment erector apparatus (not shown), and excavation is started again. A tunnel is constructed by repeating such an operation.
[0031]
On the other hand, when the replacement work is performed due to wear or wear of the disk cutter 13, the rotation of the cutter head 3 is temporarily stopped. Thereafter, the operator enters the passage 11 </ b> A of the cutter head spoke 11 through the access means (not shown) from the inside of the excavator main body 2 to the cutter head spoke 11. Subsequently, the bolt 33 that fastens and fixes the disc cutter mounting box 21 and the disc cutter cover 22 is removed, and the disc cutter cover 22 is brought into a free state. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 4A, a spanner 35 or the like is engaged with the operation portion 22d and rotated from the excavation position. As shown in FIG. 4B, in the state from the excavation position to the water stop position, water, earth and sand etc. try to flow into the cutter head spoke 11 from the face, but these water, earth and sand etc. It is received by the cutter mounting box 21 and the inflow of water, earth and sand, etc. into the cutter head spoke 11 is prevented. Further, the operation unit 22d is rotated to a water stop position rotated 180 degrees from the excavation position (see FIG. 4C), and the face and the cutter head spoke 11 are shielded by the disk cutter cover 22 from the face. Inflow of water, earth and sand, etc. into the cutter head spoke 11 is prevented. Thereafter, the bolt 31 is removed, and the bottom cover 21a of the disc cutter mounting box 21 is removed, the retainer 25 is subsequently removed, and the disc cutter 13 is removed and replaced, as shown in FIGS. To do.
[0032]
According to the present embodiment, the disk cutter 13 can be replaced easily and safely from the cutter head spoke 11 without being bothered by water, earth and sand, etc., so that construction such as ground improvement becomes unnecessary, and the construction period can be shortened. This can contribute to cost reduction. Further, since the switching between the excavation position and the water stop position can be performed with a compact configuration, the handling at the time of exchanging the disc cutter 13 becomes easy, and the disc cutter 13 can be easily arranged.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a shield machine according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which (a) is a front view, (b) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the main part, and (A) in (c) and (b). It is A view principal part expanded sectional view.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an essential part for explaining a rotating support structure of a disc cutter.
3A is a cross-sectional view taken along the line X-X in FIG. 2, and FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line Y-Y in FIG.
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a disk cutter replacement procedure.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Shield machine 2 Shield body 3 Cutter head 11 Cutter head spoke 13 Disc cutter 21 Disc cutter mounting box 22 Disc cutter cover 22a Pivot shaft

Claims (2)

In a cutter head of a shield machine equipped with a cutter head spoke and a disk cutter arranged on the front surface of the cutter head spoke,
The secured to the cutter head spokes, water into the cutter head spoke inside the box disc cutter mounted to prevent the inflow of such sand, it is rotatably pivoted via a pivot shaft to the disc cutter mounting box Rutotomoni And a disc cutter cover that rotatably supports the disc cutter,
The bottom cover of the disc cutter mounting box is configured to be openable and closable with respect to the side wall, and the disc cutter is rotated by rotating the pivot shaft of the disc cutter cover by 180 ° relative to the disc cutter mounting box. It is configured to be switchable between an excavation position for excavation facing the face and a water stop position that shields the face and the cutter head spoke with the disc cutter cover,
A cutter head of a shield machine, wherein the disc cutter can be replaced from the inside of the cutter head spoke by removing the bottom cover of the disc cutter mounting box from the side wall after switching to the water stop position.   When the excavation position is set, the rotation center of the disc cutter cover is the rotation center of the disc cutter cover so that the disc cutter protrudes to the face side to a position that coincides with or exceeds the outermost circumference of the rotation locus of the disc cutter cover. The cutter head of the shield machine according to claim 1, wherein the cutter head is decentered ahead of the face side.

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