JP4166958B2 - Cutter head of shield machine - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a cutter head of a shield machine, and more particularly to a cutter head that can easily and safely replace a disk cutter from within a cutter head spoke.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In general, shield tunneling machines are widely used as practical excavators for constructing various shield mines (such as water and sewage tunnels, subway tunnels, communication cable tunnels, and common ditch tunnels) using the shield method. .
[0003]
In recent years, a rotary cutter head has been deployed on the front of the main body of the excavator as a shield excavator for rock, hard ground, earth and sand, etc., and a plurality of disc cutters and a plurality of disc cutters on the cutter head spoke or cutter head face plate A shield machine with a tool bit is used. The rock cutter and boulder are excavated by the disc cutters, and the earth and sand are excavated by the tool bits. Each disk cutter is provided at a position preceding the front (face side) of each tool bit. As a result, excavation by the disk cutter is surely performed in the rock mass part and the boulder part.
[0004]
By the way, if the rock layer and the boulder layer are dug up and the excavation distance is long, the disc cutter provided in the cutter head may be worn and worn, and the disc cutter may need to be replaced.
[0005]
Conventionally, when exchanging a disk cutter, the ground improvement agent is injected into the front ground, and the ground is improved by, for example, freezing the front ground, and water, earth and sand flow into the chamber. A method in which the operator enters the chamber and replaces the disk cutter after the state is not set. However, according to this method, since the disk cutter is replaced after the ground is improved, the cost is high, and it takes a considerable time until the ground is improved. There is a problem. Further, although the front ground is improved, there is a problem in that there is a concern in terms of safety because the operator must enter the chamber and the disk cutter located near the ground must be replaced.
[0006]
As prior art for solving such problems, for example, those disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 2000-96987 and 2000-96986 are known. Both publications do not require ground improvement of the ground, prevent the inflow of water, earth and sand from the face into the cutter head spoke, and safely replace the disc cutter from within the cutter head spoke. A cutter head is disclosed.
[0007]
In the cutter head disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-96987, a disk cutter support member that rotatably supports the disk cutter is rotated in the middle of a gap discharge passage that communicates the face and the chamber in the cutter head spoke. It is provided so as to be rotatable via a support member. And, at the excavation position where excavation is performed with the disc cutter facing the face, excavation can be performed while excavating the excavation gap through the gap discharge passage. Further, at the position where the disc cutter is rotated 90 degrees from the excavation position, the rotation support member shields the face side and the chamber side of the slip discharge passage, and is partitioned on the side of the slip discharge passage. The operator can safely replace the disc cutter from the space to be used.
[0008]
On the other hand, in the cutter head disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-96986, a disk cutter support member that rotatably supports the disk cutter is inserted into a disassembled telescopic structure slip distribution pipe in which the face and the chamber communicate with each other. Therefore, excavation can be performed while excavating the excavation gap. In addition, slide gates that can be opened and closed are disposed on the face side and the chamber side in the slip distribution pipe, and the disc cutter support member is pulled down to a predetermined position to close both slide gates, and the inside of the cutter head spokes is closed. After shielding the face and the chamber with the slide gate, the disc cutter can be safely exchanged from the inside of the cutter head spoke by disassembling the slip distribution pipe and removing the disc cutter support member.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the cutter head disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-96987, considering the excavation of the excavation gap at the periphery of the disc cutter, the gap discharge passage is sufficiently large with respect to the disc cutter support member. It is necessary to. In addition, since the rotation support member is engaged and supported by concave rotary seats formed on both side wall portions of the slip discharge passage, the rotation support member is considerably larger than the disc cutter diameter. The structure becomes large, and the structure around the disc cutter becomes large. Further, a space for the operator to perform the disk cutter replacement operation is formed on the side of the gap discharge passage. For these reasons, an increase in the size of the apparatus is unavoidable, and the arrangement of the disk cutter is limited. In particular, it is difficult to arrange the disk cutter at the corner of the cutter head. In addition, with the increase in size, there is a problem that handling at the time of exchanging the disk cutter is troublesome.
[0010]
On the other hand, the cutter head disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-96986 requires a sliding space for opening and closing the slide gates inside the cutter head spoke and slides the disc cutter support member in the front-rear direction. In order to make it possible to insert and remove, the telescopic structure slip distribution pipe becomes relatively long. Therefore, there is a problem that the occupied space in the configuration becomes large, and the arrangement of the disk cutter is limited as in the prior art.
[0011]
The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and by excavating while excavating the excavation gap, it is possible to prevent uneven wear of the disc cutter, and between the excavation position and the water stop position of the disc cutter. Shield engraving machine that enables switching with a compact configuration and can replace the disk cutter safely and easily from the inside of the cutter head spoke without ground improvement, contributing to cost reduction and construction time reduction. It is an object to provide a cutter head.
[0012]
[Means for solving the problems and actions / effects]
In order to achieve the above object, the cutter head of the shield machine according to the present invention comprises:
In a cutter head of a shield machine equipped with a cutter head spoke and a disk cutter arranged on the front surface of the cutter head spoke,
A disk cutter mounting box fixed to the cutter head spoke and preventing inflow of water, earth and sand, etc. into the cutter head spoke, and a disk cutter pivotally supported by the disk cutter mounting box and rotatably supporting the disk cutter. With a cover,
A slip discharge passage extending from a slip discharge port formed in the disc cutter mounting box and connected to an opening in a side plate of the cutter head spoke is provided, and a bottom portion of the disc cutter mounting box is configured to be openable and closable. By rotating the pivot shaft of the disc cutter cover, the excavation position where excavation is performed with the disc cutter facing the face, the face and the inside of the cutter head spoke are shielded by the disc cutter cover, and the gap is discharged. It can be switched to the water stop position that closes the passage,
The disk cutter is configured to be replaceable from the inside of the cutter head spoke when switched to the water stop position.
[0013]
According to the present invention, in the middle of the switching operation from the excavation position to the water stop position by the pivoting operation of the pivot shaft, the flow of water, earth and sand, etc. into the cutter head spoke is caused by the disc cutter mounting box. Is prevented. Further, at the water stop position, the disc cutter cover shields the face and the inside of the cutter head spoke, and the slip discharge port is closed, so that even if the bottom of the disc cutter mounting box is opened, The disc cutter cover prevents water, earth and sand from flowing into the cutter head spoke. For these reasons, the disc cutter is replaced without being bothered by water, earth and sand, etc. by opening the bottom portion of the disc cutter mounting box after the water stop position is obtained by rotating the pivot shaft. be able to. Therefore, the disk cutter can be replaced safely and easily from the inside of the cutter head spoke without improving the ground, which can contribute to cost reduction and shortening the construction period.
[0014]
Further, according to the present invention, at the time of the excavation position, excavation sludge or the like that has flowed into the disc cutter mounting box is discharged from the dislocation discharge passage, and the excavation sludge or the like stays around the disc cutter or is clogged Therefore, smooth rotation of the disc cutter is ensured, and uneven wear of the disc cutter can be prevented. Furthermore, according to the present invention, since the disc cutter cover is pivotally supported by the disc cutter mounting box, the excavation position and the water stop position are switched with a relatively small turning radius. be able to. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the size of the disk, and there is an effect that the disk cutter is easily arranged and handled when the disk cutter is replaced.
[0015]
In the present invention, the disc cutter cover is composed of an outer cover and an inner cover enclosed in the outer cover, and the outer cover and the inner cover are configured to rotate relative to each other around the same axis line. Of the cover and its inner cover, it is preferable that one of the covers covers the face and the cutter head spoke, and the other cover closes the slip discharge passage (second invention). In this way, the outer cover and the inner cover can obtain the desired effect of preventing the inflow of water, earth and sand, etc. into the cutter head spoke, and the inner cover is accommodated in the outer cover. Can be arranged in the disc cutter mounting box in a compact manner, so that the gap discharge passage can be made larger and the soil removal performance can be improved.
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, specific embodiments of the cutter head of the shield machine according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0017]
FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration diagram of a shield machine according to an embodiment of the present invention, and a front view (a) and a main part longitudinal sectional view (b) are shown. FIGS. 2 and 3 are diagrams for explaining the rotation support structure of the disk cutter. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line XX in FIG.
[0018]
As shown in FIG. 1B, the shield machine 1 according to the present embodiment includes a shield body 2, a cutter head 3 rotatably provided at the front portion of the shield body 2 via a bearing 4, and the cutter body. A cutter head driving device 5 for rotationally driving the head 3 is provided. A chamber 7 is defined between the partition wall 6 of the shield body 2 and the cutter head 3. Although not shown in the figure, the shield body 2 includes a shield jack for generating a thrust for excavation, a segment erector device for assembling a segment to the inner surface of the excavated tunnel, excavated earth and sand, and the like. A soil removal device or the like for discharging to the downstream side is provided.
[0019]
As shown in FIG. 1A, the cutter head 3 includes a cutter head frame 10 in which a plurality of cutter head spokes 11 extending radially from a central portion are fixed to a cylindrical member 12, and the cutter head spoke 11. The disk cutter 13 and the tool bit 14 etc. which are arranged in large numbers on the front surface are provided.
[0020]
As shown in FIG. 2, a passage 11A is defined in the cutter head spoke 11 by a front plate 11a, a back plate 11b, a right side plate 11c and a left side plate 11d. The passage 11A is wide enough to allow an operator to replace the disk cutter 13 described later.
[0021]
Each of the disk cutters 13 has a radial position in the cutter head 3 so that it can be excavated uniformly with respect to the face, and the front plate of the cutter head spoke 11 in a direction that rolls as the cutter head 3 rotates. A predetermined amount protrudes from 11a. On the other hand, each tool bit 14 protrudes to a position retracted by a predetermined amount from each disk cutter 13, and is fixed to both sides of each cutter head spoke 11, that is, the right side plate 11c and the left side plate 11d. Thus, the rock cutters and boulders are excavated by the disc cutters 13 and the earth and sand portions are excavated by the tool bits 14 and the excavation by the disc cutters 13 is surely performed at the rocks and boulders. To be done.
[0022]
In the cutter head 3 of the present embodiment, each disk cutter 13 disposed on the cutter head spoke 11 is rotatably supported by the front plate 11 a of the cutter head spoke 11 via the rotation support mechanism 20.
[0023]
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the rotation support mechanism 20 is pivotally supported by a disc cutter mounting box 21 that prevents inflow of water, earth and sand, etc. into the cutter head spoke 11, and the disc cutter mounting box 21. And a disc cutter cover 22 to be configured.
[0024]
The disc cutter mounting box 21 is formed of a box-like member, and its open end includes the disc cutter 13 and is fixed to the front plate 11a of the cutter head spoke 11 in communication with the face. It extends obliquely downward and is arranged inside the cutter head spoke 11. Further, the disc cutter mounting box 21 has a structure and a space and a shape in which the disc cutter cover 22 can be rotated and the disc cutter cover 22 can be stored therein. Further, the disc cutter mounting box 21 is structured such that a bottom cover 21a having a flat plate shape is fastened by a bolt 31 and can be opened and closed by attaching and detaching the bolt 31, and the disc cutter 13 is attached and detached from the bottom. It has been made possible.
[0025]
The disc cutter mounting box 21 is provided with a gap discharge passage 35, which is a passage for discharging excavation gap, in communication with the chamber 7. The slip discharge passage 35 extends obliquely downward to the right from a slip discharge port 21c formed in the disc cutter mounting box 21 diagonally to the right and slightly below the disc cutter 13 in FIG. 2, and is a chamber 7 in the right side plate 11c of the cutter head spoke 11. And is connected to an opening 11c ′ opened to the outside. In this way, excavation gaps and the like around the disc cutter 13 are sequentially discharged into the chamber 7 via the gap discharge passage 35.
[0026]
The disc cutter cover 22 has a double structure type comprising an outer cover 23 pivotally supported by the disc cutter mounting box 21 and an inner cover 24 pivotally supported by the disc cutter mounting box 21 via the outer cover 23. The inner cover 24 is formed so as to be enclosed in the outer cover 23, and the two are relatively rotated around the coaxial line.
[0027]
The outer cover 23 has a pair of side walls 23b, 23b each having a pivot shaft 23a connected to each other by a partial cylindrical wall 23c. The pivot shafts 23a, 23a are formed on the side wall of the disc cutter mounting box 21. The shaft holes 21d and 21d are engaged and supported. The outer cover 23 is formed so as to close the opening of the disc cutter mounting box 21 while accommodating the disc cutter 13 when it is disposed on the face side by the pivoting operation of the pivot shaft 23a. (See FIG. 4). Thus, the outer cover 23 is arranged on the face side with a relatively small turning radius, and water stoppage on the face side is performed. Each pivot shaft 23a, 23a is formed in a hollow shaft shape.
[0028]
The inner cover 24 has a pair of side walls 24b, 24b each having a pivot shaft 24a inserted into a hollow portion of the pivot shaft 23a of the outer cover 23, and the outer circumference of the pair of side walls 24b, 24b is connected by a partial cylindrical wall 24c. 24c is formed so that the slot 21c of the disc cutter mounting box 21 can be closed. Thus, the slip discharge passage 35 can be opened and closed by the turning operation of the pivot shaft 23a.
[0029]
Thus, by rotating the outer cover 23 and the inner cover 24, the outer cover 23 and the inner cover 24 are stored in the disc cutter mounting box 21, and the excavation position where the disc cutter 13 faces the face is used for excavation. The outer cover 23 closes the opening of the disc cutter mounting box 21, and the inner cover 24 closes the slip discharge passage 35 to prevent water, earth and sand from flowing into the cutter head spoke 11. Switching is performed. Further, at the excavation position, the outer cover 23 and the inner cover 24 are gathered in a compact manner and arranged near the bottom of the disc cutter mounting box 21, so that the slip discharge port 21 c and the slip discharge passage 35 of the disc cutter mounting box 21 are provided. It is as large as possible to improve soil removal.
[0030]
In the inner cover 24, shaft portions 13a, 13a of the disk cutter 13 are fitted into recesses 24e, 24e formed on the inner sides of both side walls 24b, 24b, and a retainer 25 as a lid member engaged with each recess 24e is provided. By fastening with the bolt 32, the shaft portions 13a, 13a of the disc cutter 13 are fixed to the inner cover 24, and the disc cutter 13 can be attached / detached by attaching / detaching the retainers 25, 25. . Further, in the inner cover 24, the retainers 25, 25 are arranged on the bottom side of the disc cutter mounting box 21 when the inner cover 24 is arranged at a position where the gap discharge passage is closed by the pivoting operation of the pivot shaft 24 a. In addition, the insertion direction into the recesses 24e and 24e is determined so that the disk cutter 13 can be inserted and removed from the bottom of the disk cutter mounting box 21. Thus, the disk cutter 13 can be easily replaced from the bottom of the disk cutter mounting box 21.
[0031]
An operation portion 23d for rotating the outer cover 23 is formed at the end of each pivot shaft 23a, 23a in the outer cover 23. The operation portion 23d is provided on the disc cutter mounting box 21. A two-surface width is formed on the outer periphery of the end portion of the pivot shaft 23a that protrudes by a required amount from the outer surface. On the other hand, each pivot shaft 24a, 24a in the inner cover 24 is also formed with an operation portion 24d for rotating the inner cover 24. The operation portion 24d is formed from the end surface of the pivot shaft 24a. It has a hexagonal cross section, and is slightly protruded from the operation portion 23 d of the outer cover 23. In addition, in the operation parts 24d and 24d of this inner cover 24, it is good also as an operation part by which a hexagon hole is formed in the edge part of the pivot shaft 24a of this inner cover 24 from a viewpoint of size reduction. In this way, the operation portions 23d, 23d, 24d, and 24d are provided on the outer cover 23 and the inner cover 24, respectively, so that the outer cover 23 and the inner cover 24 can be easily rotated from inside the cutter head spoke.
[0032]
A row of sealing members 26 are provided at the opening end of the disc cutter mounting box 21 at a position suitable for sealing both when the outer cover 23 closes the opening end. Further, a seal member 27 is provided around the gap discharge port 21c in order to seal both when the gap discharge port 21c is closed by the inner cover 24. Further, in order to seal the gap between the pivot shafts 24a, 24a of the inner cover 24 and the pivot shafts 23a, 23a of the outer cover 23, a seal member 28 is provided for each pivot shaft 23a, Seal members 29 are provided to seal the gaps between the shaft holes 21d and 21d of the disk cutter mounting box 21 and 23a.
[0033]
In this embodiment, when the disc cutter cover 22 is in the excavation position (storage position), the disc cutter mounting box 21, the outer cover 23, and the inner cover 24 are fastened with the bolts 33 in order to maintain the excavation position. It is configured to be. On the other hand, when the bolts 33 are removed, the outer cover 23 and the inner cover 24 are in a free state, and both can be rotated.
[0034]
Next, the operation of the shield machine 1 configured as described above and the procedure for replacing the disk cutter 13 will be described.
[0035]
When performing excavation work, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the outer cover 23 and the inner cover 24 are stored in the bottom of the disc cutter mounting box 21 so that the disc cutter 13 faces the face, and the disc is The outer cover 23 and the inner cover 24 are fastened to the cutter mounting box 21 with bolts 33 to hold the excavation position.
[0036]
During normal excavation for excavating the tunnel straight, the cutter head 3 is rotated by driving the cutter head drive device 5 to excavate the face with a number of disk cutters 13 and tool bits 14 and a shield (not shown) The aircraft is propelled by extending the jack by applying a reaction force to a segment (not shown). The excavated soil and the like are sent into the chamber 7 and discharged to the downstream side by a soil removal device (not shown). After excavating for one stroke of the shield jack, the segment for one divided ring is carried in, assembled by a segment erector apparatus (not shown), and excavation is started again. A tunnel is constructed by repeating such an operation.
[0037]
On the other hand, when the replacement work is performed due to wear or wear of the disk cutter 13, the rotation of the cutter head 3 is temporarily stopped. Thereafter, the operator enters the passage 11 </ b> A of the cutter head spoke 11 through the access means (not shown) from the inside of the excavator main body 2 to the cutter head spoke 11. Subsequently, the bolt 33 is removed, and the outer cover 23 and the inner cover 24 are made free. Subsequently, a spanner or the like is engaged with each of the operating portions 23d and 24d of the outer cover 23 and the inner cover 24 to rotate the outer cover 23 and the inner cover 24, and as shown in FIG. The opening is shielded and the inner cover 24 is switched to a water stop position where the slip discharge port 21c is closed and the slip discharge passage 35 is closed. Thus, after making the state where the flow of water, earth and sand from the face and the chamber 7 into the cutter head spoke 11 is prevented, the bottom cover 21a of the disc cutter mounting box 21 is removed, and then the retainer 25 is removed and the disc cutter 13 is removed. Replace and replace.
[0038]
According to the present embodiment, excavation can be performed while discharging excavation gaps and the like around the disc cutter 13, so that it is possible to prevent uneven wear of the disc cutter 13 due to gap closure at the back of the disc cutter 13. In addition, the disk cutter 13 can be easily and safely replaced from the cutter head spoke 11 without being bothered by water, earth and sand, etc., so that construction such as ground improvement becomes unnecessary, which contributes to shortening the construction period and reducing costs. be able to. Further, since the switching between the excavation position and the water stop position can be performed with a compact configuration, the handling at the time of exchanging the disc cutter 13 is facilitated, and the disc cutter 13 can be easily arranged.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a shield machine according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is a front view (a) and a main part longitudinal sectional view (b).
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 1 for explaining a rotating support structure of the disk cutter.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line YY in FIG. 2 for illustrating the rotational support structure of the disk cutter.
FIG. 4 is a state diagram at a water stop position.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Shield machine 2 Shield main body 3 Cutter head 11 Cutter head spoke 13 Disc cutter 20 Rotation support mechanism 21 Disc cutter mounting box 22 Disc cutter cover 23 Outer cover 24 Inner cover 23a Pivoting shaft (outer cover)
24a Pivot shaft (inner cover)
35 Sludge discharge passage

Claims (2)

In a cutter head of a shield machine equipped with a cutter head spoke and a disk cutter arranged on the front surface of the cutter head spoke,
A disk cutter mounting box fixed to the cutter head spoke and preventing inflow of water, earth and sand, etc. into the cutter head spoke, and a disk cutter pivotally supported by the disk cutter mounting box and rotatably supporting the disk cutter. With a cover,
A slip discharge passage extending from a slip discharge port formed in the disc cutter mounting box and connected to an opening in a side plate of the cutter head spoke is provided, and a bottom portion of the disc cutter mounting box is configured to be openable and closable. By rotating the pivot shaft of the disc cutter cover, the excavation position where excavation is performed with the disc cutter facing the face, the face and the inside of the cutter head spoke are shielded by the disc cutter cover, and the gap is discharged. It can be switched to the water stop position that closes the passage,
A cutter head for a shield machine, wherein the disc cutter can be exchanged from within the cutter head spoke when switched to the water stop position.   The disc cutter cover is composed of an outer cover and an inner cover enclosed in the outer cover, and the outer cover and the inner cover are structured to rotate relative to each other around the same axis, and the outer cover and the inner cover thereof. 2. The cutter head of a shield machine according to claim 1, wherein one of the covers is configured to shield the face and the cutter head spoke from one cover, and the other cover to close the slip discharge passage.

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