JP3787766B2 - Rotating cutter regeneration method and apparatus for shield machine - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for regenerating a rotary cutter of a shield machine.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, as the shield tunnel excavation work becomes longer, not only the cutter bit of the shield machine but also the maintenance management of a rotating cutter having a centering function called a fish tail has become a problem. Therefore, conventionally, when it is assumed that wear of the rotating cutter accompanying long distances or damage due to obstacles is expected, measures such as increasing the size of the rotating cutter or mounting a fixed auxiliary bit on the rotating cutter are taken. It corresponds by that. However, such strengthening measures are not enough, and if a problem occurs, auxiliary work methods such as ground improvement are performed to harden the working face mountain, and work personnel come out from the inboard manhole of the machine to the working face side, Remove manual sand and sand around the fish by manual work, and replace the bit after securing the work space, or excavate the work shaft from the surface to the machine to secure the work space and then replace the bit. To be done. Various methods of exchanging cutter bits during excavation have been proposed, and the above-described rotating cutter exchanging method is basically performed by using the methods of the various proposed cutter bit exchanging methods. is there. This will be described in detail below.
[0003]
That is, a shaft for exchanging the rotary cutter is built in the middle of the tunnel excavation position, and when the shield machine reaches the shaft, the tunnel excavator at the front end of the excavator is used in the shaft. There is a so-called intermediate shaft exchanging method for exchanging a fixed rotating cutter (first conventional example).
[0004]
In addition, in the ground of the tunnel excavation planned position, an improved ground layer with high stability is formed by injecting a ground hardener, and stopped in a state where the tip of the shield excavator has entered the improved ground layer, The replacement method using the so-called advance front surface ground improvement method, in which the improved soil on the front side of the tunnel excavation cutter is manually discharged from the chamber manhole, and the rotary cutter is replaced in the space formed on the front side of the tunnel excavation cutter (Second conventional example).
[0005]
Furthermore, after the shield machine reaches the bit exchange position, the ground around the front and front ends of the shield machine is improved to a highly stable ground from the inside of the tunnel by a freezing method. There is a replacement method based on the so-called front surface ground improvement method after arrival, in which the improved soil on the front side of the excavation cutter is manually discharged and the rotary cutter is replaced in the space formed on the front side of the tunnel excavation cutter. Third conventional example).
[0006]
Furthermore, the shield machine itself has a dry space where the rotating cutter can be replaced by a mechanical structure, or the excavation cutter can be swung back and forth, for example, as in the case of a spherical shield method, or pulled into the mine. There is a replacement method using a mechanical structure system such as a mechanical structure that can be installed in a shield machine in advance (fourth conventional example).
By the way, the sphere shield machine is a child with a sphere slidably housed inside a master machine that slidably houses a cylindrical body inside a cylindrical sheath tube, and a rotator within the sphere. It is a machine that houses the excavator.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the first to fourth conventional examples have the following problems.
First, in the first conventional example, it is necessary to construct a shaft at the replacement position, which takes a long time in process and increases the cost. Furthermore, it is necessary to secure a large site for the construction of the shaft, and there are also locational restrictions.
[0008]
Further, in the second conventional example, it is necessary to perform work such as excavation of the improved ground and removal of excavated earth and sand, and the necessity of water stoppage between the shield machine and the improved ground. There is a problem with safety, and a long process is required.
[0009]
Further, in the third conventional example, since ground improvement is performed from the inside of the pit by a freezing method, construction cannot be performed in a small-diameter shield tunnel, and occurrence of ground fluctuation is also predicted due to freezing and thawing. Furthermore, the process takes a long time and the construction cost is high.
[0010]
In addition, if the spherical shield machine of the fourth conventional example is used, the rotary cutter can be replaced from within the shield machine, but the structure of the tunnel excavation cutter part becomes complicated and the manufacturing cost of the shield machine increases. In addition, the overall length of the excavator itself becomes longer.
[0011]
The technical problem of the present invention is to make it possible to easily and safely regenerate a rotary cutter from within a shield machine, with a simple structure.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The rotating cutter regeneration method for a shield machine according to the present invention is such that a plate is fixed to a cylindrical rotating body arranged at the center of rotation of a cutter head of a shield machine so as to cover the front surface thereof, and the front end of the plate A rotating cutter is fixed to the surface, and this rotating cutter is rotated to regenerate the rotating cutter during tunnel excavation using a shield machine with a plurality of extrusion-type spare bits penetrating the plate. When the cutter is worn or damaged, the spare bit is pushed out inside the machine so that the bit portion of the spare bit protrudes beyond the cutting edge of the rotary cutter, thereby restoring the function of the rotary cutter.
[0013]
In addition, the apparatus used in this method includes a cylindrical rotating body arranged at the center of rotation of the cutter head of the shield machine, a plate fixed so as to cover the front surface of the rotating body, and a front end of the shield machine. A rotating cutter that is disposed in the center and is fixed to the plate, a plurality of spare bits that are slidably held by the rotating cutter, and that pass through the plate, and a plurality of spare bits that are provided in the machine corresponding to each spare bit. When the rotating cutter is worn or damaged, the spare bit is pushed out from the inside of the machine by the spare bit pushing means, and the bit part of the spare bit protrudes beyond the cutting edge of the rotating cutter. It restores the cutter function .
[0014]
Further, in this apparatus, spare bits are arranged inside the plate thickness of the plate body constituting the rotary cutter or on the side surface of the plate body or both side surfaces of the plate body.
[0015]
Further, in this apparatus, the rotary cutter is composed of a plurality of plates extending in the radial direction.
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiment 1. FIG.
A shield cutter regenerating method and apparatus for a shield machine according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the configuration of a shield machine according to the present embodiment, FIG. 2 is a front view of the center of the cutter head as seen from the direction of line AA in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a line along line BB in FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC of FIG.
[0017]
The shield machine according to the present embodiment includes a cylindrical skin plate 1 and a partition wall 2 provided slightly behind the front end of the skin plate 1. A cone-shaped rotating body 3 is rotatably attached to the central portion of the partition wall 2, and a cutter head 4 is provided on the leading end side of the rotating body 3 so as to cover the front end of the skin plate 1. A drilling chamber 5 is formed between the two. The cutter head 4 has a plurality of cutter spokes 6 formed radially as shown in FIG.
[0018]
A plate 7 is fixed to the tip of the rotating body 3 so as to cover it. A rotating cutter 8 called a fish tail is fixed to the front end surface of the plate 7 so that it can rotate integrally with the rotating body 3. As shown in FIG. 1, the rotator 3 itself can be rotated by transmitting power through a ring gear from a motor of a cutter head driving device 50 installed inside the partition wall 2. Inside the partition wall 2, a skin plate extrusion jack 60 and a screw conveyor 70 for discharging the excavated soil in the excavation chamber 5 are further provided.
[0019]
Here, the rotary cutter 8 is formed of a thick plate, and a plurality (three in this case) of through-holes 8a, 8b, 8c are formed in the plate thickness so as to be displaced in the radial direction, and these through-holes 8a are formed. , 8b, 8c, spare bits 9a, 9b, 9c are slidably held.
[0020]
Further, holes 7a (see FIG. 3) through which spare bits 9a, 9b, 9c can be inserted are formed in the plate 7 at positions corresponding to the through holes 8a, 8b, 8c of the rotary cutter 8, respectively. Spare bit extruding means 10a, 10b and 10c each made of a cylinder are provided at positions corresponding to the respective holes 7a on the end face. Each spare bit pushing means 10a, 10b, 10c pushes each spare bit 9a, 9b, 9c from the inside of the machine when the rotary cutter 8 is worn or damaged, and each bit portion of each spare bit 9a, 9b, 9c. The tip of 9g (see FIG. 3) has a function that allows the function of the rotary cutter 8 to be restored several times by projecting the tip of the rotary cutter 8 forward by a predetermined amount from the cutting edge 8d of the rotary cutter 8. is doing.
[0021]
As shown in FIG. 2, the rotating body 3 is provided with cutter bit supply holes 3a through which the cutter bits 18 can be inserted at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction (here, four locations). At the positions of these cutter bit supply holes 3a, A cutter pork 6 is arranged and fixed in each case.
[0022]
As shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 4, the cutter pork 6 is formed with a cutter bit mounting groove 6a that communicates with the cutter bit supply hole 3a of the rotating body 3 and extends in the radial direction. The cutter bit mounting groove 6a has a substantially U-shaped cross section with an open front surface. The cutter bit 18 is inserted into the cutter bit mounting groove 6a in a state where the bit portion 18a of the cutter bit 18 protrudes from the slit 6b which is the front surface opening. The bit support pieces 18b can be accommodated, and a plurality of cutter bits 18 can be slidably supported in a row.
[0023]
Further, a cutter bit fixing device 21 for releasably fixing the cutter bit row in the cutter bit mounting groove 6a is provided on the back side of the cutter spoke 6. The cutter bit fixing device 21 has a corrugated surface 22a that can be fitted into a trough-shaped locking recess 18c formed on the rear surface of the bit support piece 18b of each cutter bit 18, and each cutter bit fixing device 21 has a wavy surface 22a. The locking block 22 inserted and arranged on the back side of the cutter bit 18 and the longitudinal end portions of the locking block 22 are supported from the back side, and the locking block 22 is driven forward and backward with respect to the cutter bit row. Each cutter bit 18 in the cutter bit mounting groove 6a is constituted by a pair of hydraulic cylinders 23 and 24 which are clamped by the edge of the slit 6b and the waved surface 22a, or released by releasing these engagements. Has been.
[0024]
In addition, an inner cylinder 25 that is watertight and can be rotated relative to the rotator 3 is provided inside the rotator 3. As shown in FIG. 2, the inner cylinder 25 is formed with a single opening 25a that selectively matches each cutter bit supply hole 3a of the rotating body 3, and a new cutter bit is placed inside the opening 25a. A cutter bit supply device (not shown) for setting is provided. The cutter bit supply device pushes in and supplies a new cutter bit from the rotation center side of the cutter head 4, and wears at the end of the cutter bit mounting groove 6a. The old cutter bit, which is severe, is pushed out in the outer peripheral direction and can be sequentially replaced with a new cutter bit.
[0025]
Next, a method for regenerating the rotary cutter of the shield machine according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. At the time of excavation of the shield machine when the cutting edge 8d of the rotary cutter 8 is in a normal state, each bit portion 9g (see FIG. 3) of each spare bit 9a, 9b, 9c rotates as shown in FIGS. Retracting from the cutting edge 8d of the cutter 8 and being in a standby position in each of the through holes 8a, 8b, 8c, excavation is performed at the cutting edge 8d of the rotary cutter 8.
[0026]
If the cutting edge 8d of the rotary cutter 8 is damaged by wear or an obstacle, and a malfunction occurs and the excavation function at the center of the machine is lowered, the rotary cutter 8 is regenerated. The regeneration of the rotary cutter 8 is performed by driving the spare bit push-out means 10a, 10b, and 10c inside the machine to extend the bit portions 9g of the spare bits 9a, 9b, and 9c by one stage. A predetermined amount is projected from the blade edge 8d. As a result, the function of the rotary cutter 8 is restored, and thereafter, the excavation method using the spare bit is switched.
[0027]
After switching to the excavation method using the spare bit, if all or a specific one of the spare bits 9a, 9b, 9c is damaged by wear or obstacles, and a malfunction occurs, the spare bit in which the malfunction has occurred is dealt with. The spare bit pusher is driven to extend the bit portion 9g of the spare bit in which a failure has occurred by one step and protrude a predetermined amount from the cutting edge 8d of the rotary cutter 8. Thereby, the function of the rotary cutter 8 is restored again. This is done every time the spare bit is damaged. Here, as shown in FIG. 3, the length of the bit part 9g of the spare bit is exemplified by three stages, that is, a length that can restore the function of the rotary cutter 8 three times. Needless to say, it may be set longer.
[0028]
Embodiment 2. FIG.
FIG. 5 is a front view showing the center part of the cutter head of the shield machine according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the same parts as those of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals. is there.
[0029]
In the shield machine according to the second embodiment, the rotary cutter 8 fixed to the front end surface of the plate 7 is formed from a plurality of thick plates 8A, 8B, 8C extending in the radial direction. The difference from the first embodiment is that the spare bits 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d, and 9e are slidably held within the plate thicknesses 8B and 8C by shifting their radial positions. The other parts including the spare bit push-out means are basically the same as those in the first embodiment described above, and have all the functions of the first embodiment.
[0030]
The rotating cutter regeneration method by the shield machine of the second embodiment is basically the same as that of the first embodiment. That is, if the cutting edge of the rotary cutter 8 is damaged due to wear or obstacles, and a malfunction occurs and the excavation function at the center of the machine is lowered, each spare bit pushing means is driven inside the machine and each spare bit is driven. Each bit portion 9g (see FIG. 3) of 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d, and 9e is extended by one step and protruded by a predetermined amount from the cutting edge of the rotary cutter 8. As a result, the function of the rotary cutter 8 is restored, and thereafter, the excavation method using the spare bit is switched.
[0031]
After switching to the excavation method using the spare bit, if all or a specific one of the spare bits 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d, 9e is damaged by wear or obstacles, and a malfunction occurs, the spare in which the malfunction occurred The spare bit push-out means corresponding to the bit is driven and operated, and the bit portion 9g of the spare bit in which the defect has occurred is further extended by one step and protruded by a predetermined amount from the cutting edge of the rotary cutter 8. Thereby, the function of the rotary cutter 8 is restored again. This is done every time the spare bit is damaged.
[0032]
In the second embodiment, since the rotary cutter 8 is composed of a plurality of plates 8A, 8B, 8C, the number of spare bits can be easily increased. Furthermore, since the spare bits whose number has been increased are arranged so as to be shifted in the radial direction, the excavation area by the rotary cutter 8 can be substantially covered by the spare bits. For this reason, the excavation performance of the regenerated rotating cutter does not deteriorate.
[0033]
Embodiment 3. FIG.
FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the configuration of a shield machine according to a third embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 7 is a front view of the center part of the cutter head as seen from the direction of the line DD in FIG. 6, and FIG. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line E-E, in which the same functional parts as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.
[0034]
In the shield machine of the third embodiment, a rotary cutter fixed to the front end surface of the plate 7 is formed from a thin plate body 80, and a spare bit holder 20a having a U-shaped cross section is formed on the side surface of the plate body 80. The spare bits 9a, 9b, and 9c are slidably held in the spare bit holders 20a, 20b, and 20c, and the rear ends of the spare bit holders 20a, 20b, and 20c of the plate 7 are fixed. Are formed in holes 7a (see FIG. 8) through which spare bits 9a, 9b, 9c can be inserted, and spare bit push-out means comprising cylinders at positions corresponding to the respective holes 7a on the inner end surface thereof. 10a, 10b, and 10c are provided, and the other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment.
[0035]
The rotating cutter regeneration method by the shield machine of the third embodiment is basically the same as that of the first embodiment. That is, if the cutting edge 80d of the rotary cutter 80 is damaged due to wear or obstacles and a malfunction occurs and the excavation function at the center of the machine is lowered, the spare bit pushing means 10a, 10b, 10c are driven and operated inside the machine. Then, each bit portion 9g (see FIG. 8) of each spare bit 9a, 9b, 9c is extended by one step and protruded by a predetermined amount from the cutting edge 80d of the rotary cutter 80. As a result, the function of the rotary cutter 80 is restored, and thereafter, the excavation method using the spare bit is switched.
[0036]
After switching to the excavation method using the spare bit, if all or a specific one of the spare bits 9a, 9b, 9c is damaged by wear or obstacles, and a malfunction occurs, the spare bit in which the malfunction has occurred is dealt with. The spare bit pushing means is driven to further extend the bit portion 9g of the spare bit in which a defect has occurred by one step and protrude a predetermined amount from the cutting edge 80d of the rotary cutter 80. Thereby, the function of the rotary cutter 80 is restored again. This is done every time the spare bit is damaged.
[0037]
Embodiment 4 FIG.
FIG. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the configuration of a shield machine according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 10 is a front view of the center part of the cutter head as seen from the direction of line FF in FIG. 9, and FIG. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line G-G, in which the same parts as those in the third embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.
[0038]
In the shield machine of the fourth embodiment, a rotary cutter fixed to the front end surface of the plate 7 is formed from a thin plate body 80, and spare bit holders 20a having a U-shaped cross section are formed on both side surfaces of the plate body 80. , 20b, 20c, 20d, 20e, and 20f are fixed, and the spare bits 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d, 9e, and 9f are slidable in the spare bit holders 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d, 20e, and 20f, respectively. The holes through which the spare bits 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d, 9e, 9f can be inserted into the positions corresponding to the rear ends of the spare bit holders 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d, 20e, 20f of the plate 7 respectively. 7a (see FIG. 11) is formed, and spare bit extruding means 1 made of a cylinder is provided at a position corresponding to each hole 7a on the inner end face thereof. a, 10b, 10c, 10d, are those provided 10e, a 10f, other configurations are the same as those of the third embodiment described above.
[0039]
In the shield machine of the fourth embodiment, the spare bits 9a, 9b, 9c and the spare bits 9d, 9e, 9f are attached with a 180 ° phase difference on both side surfaces of the plate body 80. The positions are set so as to be at the spare bit positions on the other side surface at positions rotated by 180 °, thereby preventing the bias of the load applied to the plate body 80 during excavation and preventing pulsation from occurring.
[0040]
The rotating cutter regeneration method by the shield machine of the fourth embodiment is basically the same as that of the first embodiment. That is, if the cutting edge 80d of the rotary cutter 80 is damaged due to wear or obstacles, and a malfunction occurs and the excavation function at the center of the machine is lowered, the spare bit pushing means 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d, 10e and 10f are driven to extend each bit portion 9g (see FIG. 11) of each of the spare bits 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d, 9e, and 9f by one step, and protrude by a predetermined amount from the cutting edge 80d of the rotary cutter 80. Let As a result, the function of the rotary cutter 80 is restored, and thereafter, the excavation method using the spare bit is switched.
[0041]
After switching to the excavation method using spare bits, if all or specific parts of each spare bit 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d, 9e, 9f are damaged due to wear or obstacles, a malfunction occurs. The spare bit push-out means corresponding to the spare bit is driven to extend the bit portion 9g of the spare bit in which the failure has occurred by one step, and protrudes a predetermined amount from the cutting edge 80d of the rotary cutter 80. Thereby, the function of the rotary cutter 80 is restored again. This is done every time the spare bit is damaged.
[0042]
In each of the third and fourth embodiments described above, the rotary cutter 80 is formed as a single plate. However, each of these embodiments is also the same as that of the second embodiment. Similarly, the rotary cutter 80 may be formed of a plurality of plates extending in the radial direction, and the spare bits may be slidably held on the side surfaces or both side surfaces of these plates by shifting their radial positions. Needless to say.
[0043]
In the first to fourth embodiments described above, the spare bit push-out means has been described as an example of a cylinder. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and other linear motions such as a ball screw, for example. It is also possible to adopt a mechanism.
[0044]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the plate is fixed to the cylindrical rotating body arranged at the rotation center of the cutter head of the shield machine so as to cover the front surface, and the front end surface of the plate is fixed. A rotating cutter is fixed, and a plurality of extrusion-type spare bits penetrating the plate are attached to the rotating cutter. When the rotating cutter is worn or damaged, the spare bit is pushed out on the inside of the machine, and the spare bit is Since the bit part of the bit protrudes beyond the cutting edge of the rotating cutter, the function of the rotating cutter is restored, so the structure is simple and the rework of the rotating cutter can be performed easily and safely in the machine. I was able to get a special shield machine.
[0045]
Further, since the rotary cutter is composed of a plurality of plates extending in the radial direction, the number of spare bits installed can be easily increased.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a configuration of a shield machine according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front view of the center portion of the cutter head as seen from the direction of the line AA in FIG.
3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG.
4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC in FIG. 1. FIG.
FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a center part of a cutter head of a shield machine according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a configuration of a shield machine according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
7 is a front view of the center portion of the cutter head as seen from the direction of the DD line in FIG. 6. FIG.
8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line E-E in FIG. 6;
FIG. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a configuration of a shield machine according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
10 is a front view of the center portion of the cutter head as seen from the direction of line FF in FIG. 9. FIG.
11 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line G-G in FIG. 9;
[Explanation of symbols]
3 Rotating body 4 Cutter head 7 Plate 7a Plate hole 8, 80 Rotating cutter 8a, 8b, 8c Through hole (inside plate thickness)
8A, 8B, 8C Plates 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d, 9e, 9f Spare bits 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d, 10e, 10f Spare bit extrusion means 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d, 20e, 20f Holder

Claims (6)

A plate is fixed to the cylindrical rotating body arranged at the rotation center of the cutter head of the shield machine so as to cover the front surface, and the rotating cutter is fixed to the front end surface of the plate. A method of regenerating a rotating cutter in the middle of tunnel excavation using a shield excavator having a plurality of extrusion-type spare bits penetrating the plate,
When the rotating cutter is worn or damaged, the spare bit is pushed out inside the machine so that the bit portion of the spare bit protrudes beyond the blade edge of the rotating cutter, thereby restoring the function of the rotating cutter. A method for regenerating a rotating cutter of a shield machine. A cylindrical rotating body arranged at the center of rotation of the cutter head of the shield machine,
A plate fixed to cover the front surface of the rotating body;
A rotating cutter disposed at the center of the front end of the shield machine and fixed to the plate;
A plurality of spare bits that are slidably held by the rotary cutter and penetrate the plate;
A plurality of spare bit pushing means provided in the machine corresponding to each spare bit, and when the rotating cutter is worn or damaged, the spare bit is pushed from the inside of the machine by the spare bit pushing means. A rotating cutter regenerator for a shield machine, wherein the function of the rotating cutter is restored by causing the bit portion of the bit to protrude beyond the cutting edge of the rotating cutter.   3. The rotating cutter regenerator for a shield machine according to claim 2, wherein a spare bit is disposed inside the plate thickness of the plate constituting the rotating cutter.   3. A rotating cutter regenerator for a shield machine according to claim 2, wherein spare bits are arranged on the side surfaces of the plate constituting the rotating cutter.   3. The rotary cutter regenerator for a shield machine according to claim 2, wherein spare bits are arranged on both side surfaces of the plate constituting the rotary cutter.   The rotary cutter regeneration device for a shield machine according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the rotary cutter comprises a plurality of plates extending in a radial direction.

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