JP2006336367A - Bit replenishment mechanism and tunnel excavator - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enable a bit to be securely replenished with simple constitution without having a negative effect on an excavation mechanism. <P>SOLUTION: The bit 22 for replenishment on the outermost periphery is housed on standby inside a cutter head 3 having a required number of bits 14 on the outermost periphery of a bit replenishment mechanism. Then, with the abrasion of the bits 14 on the outermost periphery, the bit 22 for replenishment on the outermost periphery, which is housed on standby inside the cutter head 3, is made possible to appear on the ground. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a tunnel excavator used for a shield method, a mountain method, a propulsion method, and the like, and a bit replenishment mechanism used for the tunnel excavator.

  The tunnel excavator includes a shield machine used for the shield method, a tunnel boring machine (TBM) used for the mountain method, and a propulsion machine used for the propulsion method. For example, a shield machine (shield machine) is configured to excavate natural ground by rotating a cutter head attached to the tip of a cylindrical shield body and build a tunnel. Note that the cutter head includes a substantially disc-shaped cutter face and a substantially radial cutter pork.

  A plurality of types of bits (excavating teeth) having different functions, applications, shapes and structures, such as a tooth bit, a leading bit, and an outermost peripheral bit, are attached to the cutter head. In the usual case, the bit is fixed directly to the cutter head by welding, or is fixed using a bracket and a bolt.

  In such a shield machine, as the excavation distance becomes longer, it is necessary to replace the worn bit on the way.

  As a means for exchanging the bit, conventionally, the cutter head is taken into the shield body and the bit is exchanged in the shield body, or formed between the back surface of the cutter head and the tip of the shield body. An operator enters the chamber and manually replaces the bit (cuts the worn bit and re-welds the new bit if welding is fixed, removes the worn bit and removes the new bit if bolted. There was something to fasten and fix.

  However, when the cutter head is taken into the shield body, the apparatus configuration becomes large, so that the manufacturing cost of the shield machine increases, and the process and work period for exchanging the bits are also increased.

  In addition, when an operator goes out to the chamber, which is the most proven means, and replaces the bit manually, the bit replacement position is determined in advance, and the location is stabilized and improved from the ground. After entering the shield machine and stopping it, it is necessary for the worker to go out to the chamber and work, etc., but the work environment in the chamber, the risk of collapse of the ground, work on the ground improvement site There are various problems such as securing the belt and increasing the construction cost due to the decrease in the excavation speed on the improved ground. In addition, there is a concern that the exchangeable bits are limited, and that when the cutter head is a spoke type, the cutout pork is enormous and the drilling mechanism is adversely affected.

Therefore, in order to solve such a problem, it is desired to develop a mechanism capable of easily exchanging bits. As such, a cutter row that is movably provided with respect to the cutter pork can be exchanged by taking it into the shield body via the center shaft (Patent Document 1), or a cutter having a half length. There is a type in which a spoke is provided so as to be freely extendable and a bit is moved together with a cutter pork from an inner excavation position to an outer excavation position (Patent Document 2).
JP 2004-19337 A JP 2004-27523 A

  However, in Patent Document 1, since the cutter row is taken into the shield body via the center shaft and the cutter row is exchanged in the shield body, the center shaft is thickened or replaced within the shield body. The problem that the equipment configuration becomes large, such as the need to secure space, has not yet been solved, and there has been a problem that a separate storage place for worn cutter rows or new cutter rows is required. .

  Moreover, since the thing of the patent document 2 needs to provide the cut-spoke which has a half length specially, it invites the reduction of the space which provides a normal cut-spoke, and is structurally disadvantageous, and also has a half length. As the overall structure of the katspoke is made to expand and contract, the structure of this katspoke becomes complicated and large in order to incorporate an expansion / contraction mechanism into the katspoke and improve the strength accompanying expansion / contraction. There was a problem that reinforcement measures were required.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, in the invention described in claim 1, the outermost peripheral bit for replenishment is stored and waited inside the cutter head having the required number of outermost peripheral bits, and the outermost peripheral bit is worn. Accordingly, the bit replenishing mechanism is characterized in that the replenishing outermost peripheral bit that has been stored / waited in the cutter head can appear on the ground.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided the bit replenishing mechanism according to the first aspect, wherein the outermost peripheral bit for replenishment is provided on a rotating body that is rotated about a rotation axis that extends substantially in the rotation direction of the cutter head. It is said.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, the bit replenishing mechanism according to the second aspect is characterized in that the rotating shaft is an eccentric shaft, and a part of the rotating body can be moved in and out by eccentric rotation of the eccentric shaft. .

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a tunnel excavator provided with the bit replenishment mechanism according to any one of the first to third aspects.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, the replenishment outermost peripheral bit is stored and waited inside the cutter head having the required number of outermost peripheral bits, and stored in the cutter head as the outermost peripheral bit is worn. By making it possible for the outermost peripheral bit for replenishment that has been waiting to appear on the ground, it becomes possible to replenish the outermost peripheral bit for replenishment when the outermost peripheral bit is worn. In addition, the outermost peripheral bit for replenishment that has been housed / standby inside the cutter head is simply made to appear on the ground, so it can be applied almost directly to a normal cutter head, which has an adverse effect on the excavation mechanism. It is possible to reliably perform bit replenishment with a simple configuration. In addition, since bit replenishment is possible at any time, it is possible to eliminate the need to specify the location and timing of bit replenishment. In addition, since ground improvement from the ground becomes unnecessary, it is freed from various limitations associated therewith, and the burden can be greatly reduced in terms of construction period and cost.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, the outermost peripheral bit for replenishment is provided in a rotating body that is rotated about a rotating shaft that extends substantially in the rotating direction of the cutter head, thereby reducing the size and simplifying the configuration. Obtainable.

  According to the invention of claim 3, the configuration is such that the rotating shaft is an eccentric shaft and a part of the rotating body can be moved in and out by the eccentric rotation of the eccentric shaft. In addition, since a part of the rotating body is exposed to the outside after the eccentric rotation, a large protrusion amount of the outermost peripheral bit for replenishment can be secured. Thereby, the rotating body itself can be used as the outermost peripheral bit for replenishment.

  According to the invention of claim 4, by providing the bit replenishment mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 3, it is possible to obtain a tunnel excavator having the same effect as described above.

  The purpose of ensuring that the bit can be replenished with a simple configuration without adversely affecting the excavation mechanism is to store and wait for the outermost peripheral bit for replenishment inside the cutter head having the required number of outermost peripheral bits. In addition, with the wear of the outermost peripheral bit, it was realized by the means that the outermost peripheral bit for replenishment that was stored and waited inside the cutter head could appear on the ground.

  Hereinafter, embodiments embodying the present invention will be described together with illustrated examples.

  1 to 15 show Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

  First, the configuration will be described. The tunnel excavator includes a shield machine used for the shield method, a tunnel boring machine (TBM) used for the mountain method, and a propulsion machine used for the propulsion method. For example, a shield machine 1 (shield machine) as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 excavates a natural ground by rotating a cutter head 3 attached to the tip of a cylindrical shield body 2, and constructs a tunnel or the like. It ’s what I ’m going to do.

  In the case of the shield machine 1 that performs circular digging, the shield body 2 has a cylindrical shape. The cutter head 3 is rotated in a plane parallel to the distal end surface of the shield body 2 with a center shaft 7 provided in the axial center position at the distal end of the shield body 2 extending in the excavation direction as a rotation center. . Correspondingly, the cutter head 3 having a shape corresponding to the circular shape at the tip of the shield body 2 is attached. The cutter head 3 includes, for example, a disc-shaped cutter face 4 and a radial cutter pork 5 (see FIG. 16) as described later. In this embodiment, the cutter face 4 is used, but a cutter pork 5 may be used. A center member 6 such as a fishtail or a center cone is attached to the center of rotation of the cutter head 3. A chamber called an earth pressure chamber is formed between the back surface of the cutter face 4 and the tip of the shield body 2.

  In front of the cutter head 3, a plurality of types of bits having different functions, applications, shapes and structures, such as a leading bit 11, a teeth bit 12 (or a main bit), an outer peripheral bit 13, and an outermost peripheral bit 14, are provided. (Excavated tooth) is attached. First, the leading bit 11 improves the excavability of other bits by previously loosening the ground and prevents these wears. The teeth bit 12 (main bit) is used to excavate the natural ground loosened by the preceding bit 11. The outer peripheral bit 13 and the outermost peripheral bit 14 excavate the outer diameter of the anti-drilling tool. The outermost peripheral bit 14 includes various types such as a shell bit, a trim bit, and a gauge bit that have different functions, applications, shapes, and structures. A plurality of the above-described types of bits are arranged, for example, radially, annularly, or spirally with respect to the rotation center of the cutter head 3. Each type of bit described above is normally a fixed bit fixed to the cutter head 3.

  For example, when the cutter head 3 is the cutter face 4, a strip-like or slit-like earth and sand intake 16 extending in the radial direction is formed in the cutter face 4, and a plurality of pairs are formed along both sides of the earth and sand intake 16. The teeth bits 12 are disposed substantially facing each other, and a pair of outermost peripheral bits 14 are disposed substantially facing each other at the outermost portion thereof. A plurality of preceding bits 11 are arranged along the radial direction in a portion between the earth and sand intakes 16 adjacent in the circumferential direction. Further, a plurality of outer peripheral bits 13 are arranged at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction on the outer peripheral surface of the cutter face 4 or the portion closest to the outer periphery of the front face of the cutter face 4. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 17 denotes a copy cutter. The copy cutter 17 is a movable bit that can be protruded and accommodated in a substantially radial direction by a jack (copy jack) or the like, and can be excavated further outside the excavation range by the cutter head 3. For example, the copy cutter 17 is provided at two positions where the phase is shifted by 180 degrees in the circumferential direction of the outer peripheral surface of the cutter face 4. As the movable bit, in addition to the above, a rotatable bit such as the above-described gauge bit or roller bit is known.

  In this embodiment, the following (outermost circumference) bit replenishment mechanism 21 is provided for the cutter head 3 provided with each bit described above.

  That is, the bit replenishing mechanism 21 is disposed inside the cutter head 3 having the required number of outermost peripheral bits 14 as shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 3 or FIG. 6, FIG. 7, or FIG. The outer peripheral bit 22 is stored and waited, and the outermost peripheral bit 22 for replenishment that has been stored and standby in the cutter head 3 as the outermost peripheral bit 14 is worn is shown in FIG. 4, FIG. 5 or FIG. 9 or as shown in FIGS. 13 to 15, it can appear outside the cutter head 3, that is, toward the natural ground.

  The replenishing outermost peripheral bit 22 is provided on a rotating body 24 that is rotated about a rotating shaft 23 that extends substantially in the rotation direction of the cutter head 3 (circumferential direction or tangential direction thereof). In FIG. 2, one replenishing outermost peripheral bit 22 is attached to the rotating body 24 so that it can be replenished only once. However, as shown in FIG. 6, a plurality of replenishing outermost peripheral bits 22 may be attached to the rotating body 24 so as to be replenished a plurality of times. For example, in FIG. 6, three bits are attached to the rotating body 24. When bits are made to appear from the beginning, the first bit appearing on the ground is the outermost peripheral bit 14, and the remaining bits are the supplementary outermost peripheral bit 22. Although it is possible to prevent the bits from appearing from the beginning, in this case, all the bits become the outermost peripheral bits 22 for supplement. In addition, when the bit of the rotary body 24 is used as the outermost peripheral bit 14, the outermost peripheral bit 14 becomes a movable bit. In this case, instead of reducing the number of bits that can be replenished by one, the outermost peripheral bit 14 in the portion of the earth and sand intake 16 can be reduced or eliminated. The replenishment outermost peripheral bit 22 and the like can be attached to the rotating body 24 at equal pitches in the circumferential direction or unequal pitches depending on the purpose.

  In the case of FIGS. 2 to 5, the entire rotating body 24 is housed inside the cutter head 3, and the rotating shaft 23 is installed at the center of the rotating body 24 so as not to be exposed to the outside before and after the rotation. Has been. The replenishing outermost peripheral bit 22 is caused to appear from a slit formed in the cutter head 3 or other notch 3a (see FIG. 12). 6 to 9 are almost the same as those in FIGS.

  In the case of FIGS. 10 to 15, the rotating shaft 23 is an eccentric shaft 25, and a part of the rotating body 24 can be moved in and out by the eccentric rotation of the eccentric shaft 25. In this case, the replenishing outermost peripheral bit 22 can be attached to the rotating body 24 in the same manner as described above. Further, the rotating body 24 itself can be used as the replenishing outermost peripheral bit 22. For this purpose, for example, a carbide chip is embedded in the outer peripheral portion of the rotating body 24. In the case of this embodiment, a replenishing outermost peripheral bit 22 having a substantially ring shape with respect to the outer periphery of the rotating body 24 is attached. The replenishing outermost peripheral bit 22 is a double-tooth type, but it may be a single-tooth type.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 1, such a rotating body 24 is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the cutter face 4 and at a position avoiding the outer peripheral bit 13 and other bits. That is, it is installed at a position different from the installation position of the normal outermost peripheral bit 14. Further, in this embodiment, the rotating body 24 is mounted in a direction perpendicular to the cutter face 4, but the rotating body 24 can also be mounted inclined. Here, the arrangement of the replenishing outermost peripheral bit 22 and the mounting angle (or inclination angle) of the rotating body 24 are optimally set according to the diameter size of the shield machine 1 and the excavated ground.

  This rotating body 24 is supported via bearing means 26 similar to existing rotatable bits such as roller bits and gauge bits (see FIG. 12).

  Further, such a bit replenishing mechanism 21 is provided with a loading / unloading mechanism 27 for the replenishing outermost peripheral bit 22 as follows. In addition, a lock mechanism for the refill outermost peripheral bit 22 is also provided. The bit replenishment mechanism 21, the entrance / exit mechanism 27, and the lock mechanism are all compact so that they can be accommodated inside the cutter head 3.

  For example, the entrance / exit mechanism 27 is constituted by a ratchet mechanism 28. In this case, a ratchet gear 29 is attached to the end of the rotating shaft 23 (eccentric shaft 25) of the rotating body 24, and the ratchet gear 29 is configured to be operated by a hydraulic jack 30 having an operable claw portion. . Since the ratchet mechanism 28 does not reverse in structure, this is a locking mechanism in the reverse direction. Further, since the forward rotation of the ratchet gear 29 can be locked by the hydraulic jack, this is used as a locking mechanism in the forward rotation direction.

  Further, for example, the entrance / exit mechanism 27 is constituted by a worm gear mechanism 31. In this case, a gear 32 is attached to the end of the rotating shaft 23 (eccentric shaft 25) of the rotating body 24, and the gear 32 is driven by a worm gear 33 attached to the spindle. At this time, since the worm gear mechanism 31 can be locked by stopping the rotation of the spindle, this is referred to as a lock mechanism.

  Alternatively, a hydraulic jack can be used as the entry / exit mechanism 27, and the outermost peripheral refilling bit 22 can be directly extruded by the hydraulic jack. At this time, the outermost peripheral bit 22 for replenishment can be locked by pressing with a hydraulic jack, and this is used as a lock mechanism.

  Further, a link mechanism, a crank mechanism, or the like can be used as the entry / exit mechanism 27. Also, a mechanism for rotating the rotating body 24 using the wedge effect can be used. Alternatively, means other than those described above can be used.

  Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described.

  The shield machine 1 as a tunnel excavator excavates natural ground by rotating a cutter head 3 attached to the tip of a cylindrical shield body 2, and constructs a tunnel or the like. The excavation of the natural ground enters the chamber through the earth and sand intake 16 and is discharged from the chamber to the outside by a conveyor (not shown).

  When long-distance excavation or the like is performed, a bit on the surface (a bit exposed to a natural ground) is worn in the middle, so a process of replenishing the worn bit is performed. In this embodiment, the replenishment outermost peripheral bit 22 is replenished to the worn outermost peripheral bit 14.

  When replenishing the replenishment outermost peripheral bit 22, the replenishing outermost peripheral bit 22 appears outside (natural ground) by rotating the rotating body 24 using the loading / unloading mechanism 27. In this state, a lock mechanism is used to lock the refill outermost peripheral bit 22. When a plurality of replenishing outermost peripheral bits 22 are provided, a plurality of replenishments are possible by repeating the above a plurality of times.

  As described above, according to this embodiment, the replenishment outermost peripheral bit 22 is stored in the inside of the cutter head 3 having the required number of outermost peripheral bits 14, and the cutter is attached as the outermost peripheral bit 14 is worn. The replenishment outermost peripheral bit 22 stored / waiting inside the head 3 can appear outside the cutter head 3, that is, in the ground, so that the outermost peripheral bit 14 for replenishment is worn when the outermost peripheral bit 14 is worn. It becomes possible to replenish.

  Further, since the replenishing outermost peripheral bit 22 stored / waiting inside the cutter head 3 is merely made to appear outside the cutter head 3, that is, in a natural ground, it is applied almost directly to a normal cutter head 3. Therefore, the bit can be replenished reliably with a simple configuration without adversely affecting the excavation mechanism.

  In addition, since bit replenishment is possible at any time, it is possible to eliminate the need to specify the location and timing of bit replenishment.

  In addition, since ground improvement from the ground becomes unnecessary, it is freed from various limitations associated therewith, and the burden can be greatly reduced in terms of construction period and cost.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 2 to 5, 6 to 9, or FIGS. 10 to 15, the replenishing outermost peripheral bit 22 is rotated about a rotation shaft 23 extending substantially in the rotation direction of the cutter head 3. Since the rotating body 24 is provided, it is possible to reduce the size and simplification of the entire configuration housed in the cutter head 3, including the bit replenishment mechanism 21, the entry / exit mechanism 27, and the lock mechanism.

  Furthermore, as shown in FIGS. 10 to 15, the rotating shaft 23 is an eccentric shaft 25, and a part of the rotating body 24 can be moved in and out by the eccentric rotation of the eccentric shaft 25, thereby further improving the structure. Simplification can be obtained, and a part of the rotating body 24 is exposed to the outside after the eccentric rotation, so that a large protruding amount of the replenishing outermost peripheral bit 22 can be secured. As a result, the rotating body 24 itself can be used as the replenishing outermost peripheral bit 22.

  16 and 17 to 19 show a second embodiment in which the present invention is embodied. Parts that are the same as or equivalent to those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and parts that are not described here are described in this embodiment by referring to the above-described embodiment.

  In the second embodiment, the same bit replenishing mechanism 21 as in the first embodiment is applied to the cutspoke 5.

  The cutter pork 5 is attached to the shield machine 1 that performs circular digging in FIG. 16 and is attached to the shield machine 1 that performs rectangular digging in FIGS. 17 to 19. There is no difference. In the shield machine 1 for performing the circular digging shown in FIG. 16, the shield body 2 has a cylindrical shape. One cut-out spoke 5 is provided. On the other hand, in the shield machine 1 that performs the rectangular digging shown in FIGS. 17 to 19, the shield body 2 has a substantially square shape or a substantially rectangular tip surface in which a plurality of squares (three in this embodiment) are connected. It has a substantially rectangular tube shape. In this case, one cutter pork 5 is provided for each square portion of the shield body 2.

  The cutter spoke 5 has a plurality of spoke portions 5 a arranged radially with the center shaft 7 as the center. The number of spoke portions 5a is arbitrary depending on the purpose and application. Each spoke part 5a is arrange | positioned with a required pitch in the rotation direction. In the shield machine 1 for performing the circular digging shown in FIG. 16, five spoke portions 5a are provided at substantially equal intervals (at a pitch of 72 degrees) in the rotation direction. In the shield machine 1 that performs rectangular digging in FIGS. 17 to 19, three spoke portions 5 a are provided at substantially equal intervals (at a pitch of 120 degrees) in the rotation direction. Each cutter pork 5 is arranged so that its excavation range partially overlaps, and is configured to be rotated out of phase so as not to interfere with each other. In addition, small rotary bit portions 41 are provided at portions corresponding to the respective corners of the respective square-shaped portions and outside the excavation range of the respective cutter porks 5.

  When the cutter head 3 is a cutter pork 5, as shown in FIG. 19, a plurality of pairs of teeth bits 12 are arranged along both sides of the spoke portion 5a, and a pair of outermost peripheral bits 14 are disposed at the outermost peripheral position. Is placed. A plurality of preceding bits 11 are arranged along the central portion in the width direction of the spoke portion 5a. As shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, copy cutters 17 are also installed at some of the tip portions of the spoke portions 5a. In the case of the cutter spoke 5 having the five spoke portions 5a of FIG. 16, the copy cutter 17 is provided in the two spoke portions 5a. Also in the case of the cutter spoke 5 having the three spoke portions 5a in FIG. 17, the copy cutter 17 is provided in the two spoke portions 5a.

  For such a cutter spoke 5, the (outermost) bit replenishing mechanism 21 is provided at the outer peripheral portion of the remaining spoke portion 5a 'where the copy cutter 17 is not provided. The type and installation method of the bit replenishment mechanism 21 are the same as those in the first embodiment. In the second embodiment, as in the case of FIGS. 10 to 15, a replenishing outermost peripheral bit 22 configured so that a part of the rotating body 24 can be moved in and out by the eccentric rotation of the eccentric shaft 25 is attached. Yes.

  About parts other than the above, it has the same composition as the above-mentioned example, and can obtain the same operation and effect. In addition, the detail about the part which abbreviate | omitted description is description of this Example by description of the said Example.

  Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the drawings, the embodiments are only examples of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the configurations of the embodiments. Needless to say, design changes and the like within the scope of the present invention are included in the present invention.

It is a front view of the shield machine provided with the cutter face concerning Example 1 of the present invention. It is a schematic side view of the shield machine of FIG. FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 2. FIG. 3 is an operation diagram of FIG. 2. FIG. 4 is an operation diagram of FIG. 3. It is a schematic side view of the shield machine similar to FIG. 2 when the rotating body includes a plurality of supplementary outermost peripheral bits. It is the elements on larger scale of FIG. FIG. 7 is an operation diagram of FIG. 6. FIG. 8 is an operation diagram of FIG. 7. FIG. 3 is a schematic side view similar to FIG. 2 when an eccentric shaft is used. It is the elements on larger scale of FIG. It is sectional drawing to which the outermost periphery bit for replenishment of FIG. 11 was expanded. FIG. 11 is an operation diagram of FIG. 10. FIG. 12 is an operation diagram of FIG. 11. FIG. 13 is an operation diagram of FIG. 12. It is a perspective view of the shield machine (circular digging type) provided with the cutter pork concerning Example 2 of this invention. It is a perspective view of another shield machine (rectangular digging type) provided with the cutter pork concerning Example 2 of the present invention. It is a perspective view of the state which laid down the shield machine of FIG. It is the elements on larger scale of the spoke part of FIG.

Explanation of symbols

3 Cutter head 14 Outermost peripheral bit 21 Bit replenishment mechanism 22 Outermost peripheral bit for replenishment 23 Rotating shaft 24 Rotating body 25 Eccentric shaft

Claims (4)

The replenishment outermost peripheral bit is stored and waited inside the cutter head having the required number of outermost peripheral bits,
A bit replenishment mechanism characterized in that the outermost peripheral bit for replenishment stored and waiting in the cutter head can appear on the ground as the outermost peripheral bit is worn.   2. The bit replenishing mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the replenishing outermost peripheral bit is provided on a rotating body that is rotated about a rotation axis that extends substantially in the rotation direction of the cutter head.   The bit replenishing mechanism according to claim 2, wherein the rotating shaft is an eccentric shaft, and a part of the rotating body can be moved in and out by eccentric rotation of the eccentric shaft. A tunnel excavator comprising the bit replenishment mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

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