JP2006291504A - Bit replacing mechanism and tunnel excavator - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To surely replace a bit with a simple constitution, without having adverse influence on an excavation mechanism. <P>SOLUTION: A truncated cone-shaped rotary body 25 is arranged, and a bevel wheel-shaped rotary bit body 27 is constituted by arranging a plurality of bits in a bevel wheel shape on the outer periphery of this rotary body 25. The bevel wheel-shaped rotary bit body 27 is rotatably stored inside a cutter face 4 or a cutter spoke 5 of a cutter head 3 so that a using bit is exposed to a surface and an unused bit is hidden, and is provided with a bit replacing device 35 for making a new bit appear on the surface by rotating the bevel wheel-shaped rotary bit body 27 by a required angle when the bits of the surface are abraded. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a tunnel excavator used in a shield method, a mountain method, a propulsion method, and the like, and a bit exchanging mechanism used in the tunnel excavator.

  The tunnel excavator includes a shield machine used for the shield method, a tunnel boring machine (TBM) used for the mountain method, and a propulsion machine used for the propulsion method. For example, as shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, the shield machine 1 (shield machine) excavates a natural ground by rotating a cutter head 3 attached to the tip of a cylindrical shield body 2, and constructs a tunnel. It ’s what I ’m going to do. The cutter head 3 includes a substantially disc-shaped cutter face 4 as shown in FIG. 15 and a substantially radial cutter pork 5 as shown in FIG.

  The cutter head 3 is provided with a plurality of types of bits (excavation teeth) having different functions, applications, shapes and structures, such as a tooth bit, a leading bit, and a shell bit. In the usual case, the bit is fixed directly to the cutter head by welding, or is fixed using a bracket and a bolt.

  In such a shield machine 1, as the excavation distance increases, it is necessary to replace the worn bit on the way.

  As a means for exchanging the bit, conventionally, the cutter head 3 is taken into the shield main body 2 and the bit is exchanged in the shield main body 2, or the rear surface of the cutter head 3 and the tip of the shield main body 2 are exchanged. An operator goes out to the chamber formed between them and replaces the bit manually (cuts the worn bit when welding is fixed and re-welds a new bit, and replaces the worn bit when bolted. There was something that was removed and fastened a new bit).

  However, when the cutter head 3 is taken into the shield body 2, the construction of the apparatus becomes large, so that the manufacturing cost of the shield machine 1 is increased, and the process and the construction period spent for exchanging bits are also increased. End up.

  In addition, when an operator goes out to the chamber, which is the most proven means, and replaces the bit manually, the bit replacement position is determined in advance, and the location is stabilized and improved from the ground. After entering the shield machine and stopping it, it is necessary for the worker to go out to the chamber and work, etc., but the work environment in the chamber, the risk of collapse of the ground, work on the ground improvement site There are various problems such as securing the belt and increasing the construction cost due to the decrease in the excavation speed on the improved ground. In addition, there is a concern that the bit that can be exchanged is limited, and that when the cutter head 3 is of a spoke type, the cutter pork 5 is enormous and the excavation mechanism is adversely affected.

  Therefore, in order to solve such a problem, it is desired to develop a mechanism capable of easily exchanging bits. As such a thing, what made it possible to exchange a preceding bit is known (for example, refer to patent documents 1).

In Patent Document 1, a shaft that passes through the central portion in the width direction of the cutter pork 5 is provided to the shield machine 1 having the cutter pork 5, and a leading bit is attached around the shaft, and the shield machine 2 is provided in the shield body 2. By rotating the shaft by the motor, the unworn portion of the preceding bit can appear on the surface of the cutter pork 5.
JP 2003-301893 A

  However, in Patent Document 1, the bit that can be exchanged is limited to the preceding bit because the shaft is passed through the central portion in the width direction of the cutter spoke 5 and cannot be applied to other types of bits. is there. In addition, since the structure in which the shaft is connected to the motor provided in the shield body 2 is adopted, there is still a problem that the apparatus configuration becomes large with the increase in the size of the motor and the complexity of the drive mechanism. ing. In addition, because the leading bit is provided in a substantially annular shape around the shaft passing through the central portion in the width direction of the cutter pork 5, the degree of freedom in the shape and installation of the leading bit is reduced, and it is not possible to improve excavation efficiency. There was a problem. Furthermore, since the direction in which the leading bit is rotated substantially coincides with the rotation direction of the katspoke, the leading bit receives rotational force due to the rotation of the katspoke, and an excessive load acts on the shaft and the motor. There's a problem.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, in the invention described in claim 1, a frustoconical rotating bit is provided, and a plurality of bits are arranged in an umbrella shape on the outer periphery of the rotating member to provide an umbrella wheel-like rotating bit. The body is configured, and the umbrella wheel-like rotating bit body is rotatably housed in the cutter face of the cutter head or inside the cutter pork so that the bit to be used is exposed to the ground and the unused bit is hidden, It is characterized by a bit exchanging mechanism having a bit exchanging device for rotating a bevel wheel-shaped rotating bit body by a required angle when a bit on the surface is worn and causing a new bit to appear on the surface.

  The invention described in claim 2 is characterized by the bit exchange mechanism according to claim 1 in which the bevel wheel-shaped rotating bit body is attached so as to be rotatable in a direction different from the rotating direction of the cutter head.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, the bit exchange mechanism according to the first or second aspect, wherein the bevel wheel-shaped rotating bit body is disposed so as to be inclined with respect to any one of a radial direction, a circumferential direction, and a front-rear direction of the cutter head. It is characterized by.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a tunnel excavator provided with the bit exchange mechanism according to any one of the first to third aspects.

  According to the invention of claim 1, a truncated cone-shaped rotating body is provided, and a plurality of bits are arranged in an umbrella shape on the outer periphery of the rotating body to form an umbrella wheel-shaped rotating bit body. The rotating bit body is rotatably stored inside the cutter head or the cutter pork so that the bit to be used is exposed in the ground and the unused bit is hidden, and when the bit on the surface is worn, With a bit changer that turns the bevel wheel-shaped rotating bit body at the required angle to make a new bit appear on the surface, it is possible to reliably change the bit with a simple configuration without adversely affecting the excavation mechanism. It becomes. In addition, since bit exchange is possible at any time, it is possible to eliminate the need to specify the place and timing of bit exchange. In addition, since ground improvement from the ground becomes unnecessary, it is freed from various limitations associated therewith, and the burden can be greatly reduced in terms of construction period and cost. And, by using an umbrella wheel-shaped rotating bit body in which a plurality of bits are arranged in the shape of an umbrella wheel on the outer periphery (conical surface) of the truncated cone-shaped rotating body, the rotating body is wider than a disk shape. Since the mounting area and free mounting angle can be secured, the degree of freedom in the shape and installation of the bit is increased, so that the drilling efficiency can be improved and the bit can be adjusted according to the diameter of the cutter head and the ground to be drilled. It can be arranged freely. In addition, since the configuration freedom of the cutter head itself can be increased by the above configuration, the types of bits that can be exchanged in the cutter head can be increased, and depending on the configuration, most of the main bits can be exchanged. .

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, the bevel wheel-shaped rotating bit body is attached to the direction different from the direction of rotation of the cutter head so that the bevel wheel-shaped rotating bit body is rotated by the rotation of the cutter head. Therefore, an excessive load is prevented from acting on the bit exchange device.

  According to the invention of claim 3, the bevel wheel-shaped rotating bit body is disposed so as to be inclined with respect to any one of the radial direction, the circumferential direction, and the front-rear direction of the cutter head. Since the degree of freedom of installation of the rotating bit body can be further increased, it is possible to further improve the excavation efficiency by ensuring a larger angle for easy biting of the bit.

  According to the invention of claim 4, by providing the bit exchange mechanism according to any of claims 1 to 3, a tunnel excavator having the same effect as that of claims 1 to 3 is obtained. Can do.

  For the purpose of ensuring that bits can be exchanged with a simple structure without adversely affecting the excavation mechanism, a truncated cone-shaped rotating body is provided, and a plurality of bits are arranged in the shape of an umbrella on the outer periphery of the rotating body. To set up an umbrella wheel-like rotating bit body, and rotate the umbrella wheel-like rotating bit body inside the cutter face or cutter pork of the cutter head so that the used bit is exposed on the surface and the unused bit is hidden. It was realized by means of being freely stored and provided with a bit exchanging device for rotating a bevel wheel-like rotating bit body by a required angle when a bit on the surface was worn and causing a new bit to appear on the surface.

  Hereinafter, embodiments embodying the present invention will be described together with illustrated examples.

  1 to 14 show an embodiment of the present invention.

  First, the configuration will be described. The tunnel excavator includes a shield machine used for the shield method, a tunnel boring machine (TBM) used for the mountain method, and a propulsion machine used for the propulsion method. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, the shield machine 1 (shield machine) excavates the natural ground 6 by rotating the cutter head 3 attached to the tip of the cylindrical shield body 2. Assembling the segment 8 (lining body) that will be the inner wall of the excavation mine 7 inside, and supporting the reaction force to the segment 8 to propel the shield body 2, so as to construct a tunnel or the like It is a thing. Usually, the shield body 2 has a cylindrical shape, and the cutter head 3 is rotated about the axis of the shield body 2 as a rotation center. Correspondingly, the cutter head 3 having a shape corresponding to the circular shape at the tip of the shield body 2 is attached. For example, the cutter head 3 includes a disc-shaped cutter face 4 as shown in the lower half of FIG. 1 and a radial cutter pork 5 as shown in the upper half of FIG. The cutter spoke 5 has a plurality of spoke portions 5a having a required pitch in the circumferential direction X of the cutter head 3 (or the shield body 2) and extending in the radial direction Y. A chamber 2c called an earth pressure chamber or the like is formed between the back surface of the cutter face 4 and a hood portion 2a and a pressure partition wall 2b provided at the tip of the shield body 2 (see FIG. 7).

  Further, on the front surface of the cutter head 3, the ground bit 6 is unraveled in advance to improve the excavability of other bits and to prevent these wears, and the ground bit loosened with the leading bit 11. There are multiple types of bits (excavation teeth) with different functions, applications, shapes and structures, such as the teeth bit 12 for excavating 6 and the outermost peripheral bit provided especially on the outermost part of the front surface of the cutter head 3. Yes. There are various types of outermost peripheral bits having different functions, applications, shapes and structures, such as shell bits 13, trim bits and gauge bits.

  A center member 15 such as a fish tail or a center cone is attached to the center of rotation of the cutter head 3. A plurality of the above-described types of bits are arranged, for example, radially, annularly, or spirally with respect to the rotation center of the cutter head 3.

  In general, when the cutter head 3 is the cutter face 4, a strip-like or slit-like earth / sand taking-in portion 17 extending in the radial direction Y of the cutter head 3 (or the shield body 2) is formed. A plurality of pairs of teeth bits 12 are arranged substantially opposite to each other along the both sides. When the cutter head 3 is the cutter pork 5, the earth and sand intake part 17 is formed between the adjacent spoke parts 5 a, and a plurality of pairs are formed so as to face the earth and sand intake part 17 along both sides of the spoke part 5 a. Teeth bit 12 is arranged. A plurality of preceding bits 11 are arranged along the central portion in the width direction of the spoke portion 5a. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 19 denotes a copy cutter attached to the outer surface of the cutter head 3. The copy cutter 19 is a movable bit that can be protruded and accommodated in a substantially radial direction Y by a jack (copy jack) or the like, and can be excavated further outside the excavation range of the cutter head 3.

  In this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a truncated cone-shaped rotating body 25 is provided. A plurality of bits (in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the teeth bits 12 and the shell bits 13 are not limited thereto) on the outer periphery (conical surface) of the rotating body 25, but with a required interval, an umbrella shape. The bevel wheel-shaped rotating bit body 27 is configured by arranging in the above. As shown in FIG. 2, the bit may be attached to the conical surface of the rotating body 25 and fixed with a bolt or the like, so that the conical surface is uneven. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, by attaching a cemented carbide chip directly to the conical surface of the rotating body 25, the conical surface may not be uneven. In either case, the tip of the bit is directed toward the large diameter end surface of the truncated cone. The bit is provided for one row on the outer periphery of the truncated cone-shaped rotator 25, and the rotator 25 has a thickness approximately equal to the bit row.

  The umbrella wheel-shaped rotating bit body 27 is rotatable inside the cutter face 4 or the cutter pork 5 of the cutter head 3 so that the bit to be used is exposed on the surface (the ground 6) and the unused bit is hidden. Store. For this purpose, a notch is formed on the surface of the cutter face 4 or the cutter pork 5 of the cutter head 3, and a bit to be used is caused to appear on the surface from the notch. The bevel wheel-shaped rotating bit body 27 is pivotally supported by a bearing means 28 (see FIGS. 12A and 13A) with a rotating shaft 27a.

  For example, when the teeth bit 12 is an umbrella wheel-like rotating bit body 27, the umbrella wheel-like rotating bit body 27 of the teeth bit 12 is arranged at a predetermined interval in the radial direction Y of the cutter head 3 as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. Place with. In addition, when the cutter head 3 is the cutter pork 5, the umbrella-shaped rotating bit body 27 of the teeth bit 12 may appear on the front side or the side surface side of the spoke portion 5a, or the front and side surfaces of the spoke portion 5a. It can also be made to appear across. In FIG. 5, the copy cutter 19 is placed between the bevel wheel-shaped rotating bit bodies 27 of the pair of teeth bits 12.

  Further, when the shell bit 13 is used as the umbrella wheel-shaped rotating bit body 27, the umbrella wheel-shaped rotating bit body 27 of the shell bit 13 is disposed near the outer periphery of the cutter head 3 as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. . The bevel wheel-shaped rotating bit body 27 of the shell bit 13 can be arranged alone, but as will be described later, the shell bit is positioned at the outermost peripheral position of the row of the bevel-wheel-shaped rotating bit body 27 of the teeth bit 12. It is also possible to arrange 13 umbrella wheel-like rotating bit bodies 27 and drive them in an interlocking manner.

  And when the bit on the surface is worn, a bit exchanging device 35 is provided for rotating the umbrella wheel-like rotating bit body 27 by a required angle to cause a new bit to appear on the surface. The bit exchange device 35 is provided inside the cutter face 4 or the cutter pork 5 of the cutter head 3. A driving force transmission mechanism such as a ratchet mechanism 38 or a rack and pinion mechanism 39 can be used for the bit exchange device 35. In addition, a driving force transmission mechanism equivalent to the ratchet mechanism 38 or the rack and pinion mechanism 39 can be used.

  For example, when the ratchet mechanism 38 is used in the bit exchange device 35, as shown in FIGS. 8 to 12, a ratchet gear 42 having a plurality of female side claw portions 41 is integrated with the rotary shaft 27a of the umbrella wheel-like rotary bit body 27. The lot 44 having the male claw portion 43 can be engaged with the female claw portion 41 of the ratchet gear 42, and an actuator such as a jack 45 connected to the lot 44 or a driving means. By moving the lot 44 in the longitudinal direction in (see FIG. 12), the ratchet gear 42 can be moved forward in only one direction. In this example, the ratchet gear 42 is attached to the large-diameter end face side of the umbrella wheel-like rotating bit body 27 in consideration of space efficiency in the cutter head 3, but is attached to the small-diameter end face side. It can also be. Further, in FIG. 12, reference numeral 40 denotes a detent for locking that is engaged with the female claw portion 41 of the ratchet gear 42.

  At this time, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, a plurality of male claw portions 43 may be provided in the lot 44 so that the bits can be exchanged while moving the lot 44 in one direction. Further, as shown in FIGS. 10 to 11, only one male claw portion 43 may be provided in the lot 44 and the bit may be exchanged while the lot 44 is reciprocated. In this case, as shown in FIG. 11C, in order to avoid interference between the female claw portion 41 and the male claw portion 43 when the lot 44 is returned, the female claw portion 41 is moved only in the return direction. It is set as the structure (female side nail | claw part 41a) which can be rotated, or it is set as the structure (female side nail | claw part 41b) by which the female side claw part 41 is pushed inside. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 12, the male claw portion 43 is configured to fall or be pushed into the inside of the lot 44 when returning (male claw portion 43a).

  Alternatively, when the rack and pinion mechanism 39 is used in the bit exchange device 35, as shown in FIG. 13, a pinion 46 is provided on the rotation shaft 27a of the umbrella wheel-shaped rotating bit body 27 so as to be integrally rotatable. The lot 44 having the rack portion 47 is meshed, and the jack 44 connected to the lot 44 is pushed and pulled in the longitudinal direction of the lot 44 so that the bevel wheel-shaped rotating bit body 27 can be rotated by a required angle. To do. When the rotation shaft 27a of the bevel wheel-shaped rotating bit body 27 and the lot 44 are not orthogonal, the rotation direction can be changed by interposing a bevel gear 48 and a bevel gear 49 as shown in FIG. Can be. The pinion 46 and the bevel gear 48 can be attached to the large-diameter end surface or the small-diameter end surface of the bevel wheel-shaped rotating bit body 27 in consideration of space efficiency in the cutter head 3 and the like.

  As shown in FIG. 12, the bit exchanging device 35 can be provided individually for each umbrella wheel-shaped rotating bit body 27. When a plurality of umbrella wheel-like rotating bit bodies 27 are arranged at a predetermined interval in the radial direction Y of the cutter head 3, a plurality of umbrella wheel-like rotating bit bodies 27 are arranged in the same bit exchange device 35 as follows. Can also be driven in conjunction. That is, as shown in FIG. 8, the bevel wheel-shaped rotating bit bodies 27 are arranged so that the rotating shafts 27a are parallel to each other. Then, the female claw portion 41 or the rack portion 47 of the same lot 44 is engaged with each ratchet gear 42 or each pinion 46, and one jack is connected to the lot 44. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 14, it is also possible to drive in conjunction with an umbrella wheel-shaped rotating bit body 27 having different directions of the rotating shaft 27a. At this time, the ratchet mechanism 38 and the rack and pinion mechanism 39 can be mixed. In this case, the male claw portion 43 and the rack portion 47 are provided so as not to interfere with the lot 44. For example, an umbrella wheel-like rotating bit body 27 of a plurality of teeth bits 12 and an umbrella wheel-like rotating bit body 27 of a shell bit 13 are arranged in the radial direction Y of the cutter head 3, and an umbrella wheel-like rotating bit body of the teeth bits 12 is arranged. 27 corresponds to the case where the rotating shaft 27a is directed substantially in the tangential direction of the cutter head 3, and the umbrella-shaped rotating bit body 27 of the shell bit 13 corresponds to the case where the rotating shaft 27a is oriented substantially in the radial direction Y of the cutter head 3. To do. The jack may be connected to the end portion of the lot 44 or to the intermediate portion of the lot 44. In either case, the lot 44 and the jack are installed inside the cutter head 3.

  The umbrella wheel-shaped rotating bit body 27 is configured to be rotatable in a direction different from the rotating direction of the cutter head 3. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the rotating shaft 27 a of the umbrella-shaped rotating bit body 27 of the teeth bit 12 is arranged so as to be directed substantially in the tangential direction of the cutter head 3. The rotating bit body 27 is rotated in the plane of the cutter head 3 in the substantially radial direction Y.

  Further, the umbrella wheel-shaped rotating bit body 27 is disposed so as to be inclined with respect to any one of the radial direction Y, the circumferential direction X (or tangential direction), and the front-rear direction of the cutter head 3. In this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the rotating shaft 27 a of the umbrella-shaped rotating bit body 27 of the tooth bit 12 is inclined with respect to the circumferential direction X and the front-rear direction of the cutter head 3. That is, when the cutter head 3 is viewed from the radial direction Y, the umbrella-shaped rotating bit body 27 of the pair of teeth bits 12 is opened in a letter C shape (Cutter pork 5) or closed (Cutter face 4). Are arranged as follows. That is, in the cutter spoke 5, the umbrella-shaped rotating bit body 27 of the pair of teeth bits 12 is inclined so as to open outward with the central portion in the width direction of the spoke portion 5a as the center. Further, in the cutter face 4, the bevel wheel-shaped rotating bit body 27 of the pair of teeth bits 12 is inclined and arranged toward the earth and sand taking-in portion 17 so as to close inward. Further, the rotating shaft 27 a of the umbrella wheel-like rotating bit body 27 of the shell bit 13 can be inclined with respect to the radial direction Y and the front-rear direction of the cutter head 3.

  Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described.

  The shield machine 1 excavates the natural ground 6 by rotating the cutter head 3 attached to the tip of the cylindrical shield body 2, while the segment 8 (covering the inner wall of the excavation pit 7 inside the shield body 2 is covered. A tunnel or the like is constructed by assembling the construction body) and propelling the shield body 2 with the reaction force supported by the segment 8. The excavation of the natural ground 6 enters the chamber 2c from the earth and sand intake part 17, and is discharged from the chamber 2c to the outside by a conveyor (not shown).

  When long-distance excavation or the like is performed, the surface bit wears out in the middle, so a process of replacing the worn bit is performed. The exchange of bits is performed as follows using a bit exchange device 35 provided inside the cutter pork 5. In other words, the lot 44 is pushed or pulled in the longitudinal direction by extending or contracting an actuator such as a jack, via the male claw portion 43 of the lot 44, the ratchet gear 42, or the like, or the rack portion of the lot 44. 47, the pinion 46, the bevel gear 48, the bevel gear 49, and the like are used to rotate the bevel wheel-shaped rotating bit body 27 at a required angle so that a new adjacent bit appears on the surface. Thus, bit exchange is completed easily and in a short time. Since the bevel wheel-shaped rotating bit body 27 has a thickness corresponding to one row of bits, the mechanism can be simplified.

  It should be noted that the replacement of the bit can be performed using a presumed excavation distance as a guide, or can be performed according to the actual wear state of the bit. The bits can be exchanged all at the same time, or individually or by part.

  Thus, according to this embodiment, the truncated cone-shaped rotating body 25 is provided, and a plurality of bits are arranged in an umbrella shape on the outer periphery of the rotating body 25 to form the umbrella wheel-shaped rotating bit body 27. The vehicle-shaped rotating bit body 27 is rotatably housed in the cutter face 4 or the cutter pork 5 of the cutter head 3 so that the used bit is exposed on the surface and the unused bit is hidden, and the bit on the surface is By providing the bit exchanging device 35 for rotating the umbrella wheel-like rotating bit body 27 at a required angle when it is worn and causing a new bit to appear on the surface, the excavating mechanism is not adversely affected with a simple configuration. Bit exchange can be performed. In addition, since bit exchange is possible at any time, it is possible to eliminate the need to specify the place and timing of bit exchange. In addition, since ground improvement from the ground becomes unnecessary, it is freed from various limitations associated therewith, and the burden can be greatly reduced in terms of construction period and cost.

  When the rotating body 25 has a disc shape by using the umbrella wheel-shaped rotating bit body 27 in which a plurality of bits are arranged in an umbrella shape on the outer periphery (conical surface) of the truncated cone-shaped rotating body 25. Since a wider mounting area and a free mounting angle can be ensured, the degree of freedom in the shape and installation of the bit is increased, thereby improving excavation efficiency, the diameter of the cutter head 3 and the ground 6 for excavation. The bits can be freely arranged according to the situation. In addition, since the configuration freedom of the cutter head 3 itself can be increased by the above configuration, the types of bits that can be exchanged within the cutter head 3 can be increased, and depending on the configuration, most of the main bits can be exchanged. It becomes.

  Further, by attaching the umbrella wheel-like rotating bit body 27 so as to be rotatable in a direction different from the rotation direction of the cutter head 3, the umbrella wheel-like rotating bit body 27 receives a rotational force by the rotation of the cutter head 3. Therefore, an excessive load is prevented from acting on the bit switching device 35.

  Further, the bevel wheel-shaped rotating bit body 27 is arranged so as to be inclined with respect to any one of the radial direction Y, the circumferential direction X, and the front-rear direction of the cutter head 3, so As shown in FIG. 3, it is possible to further improve the excavation efficiency by securing a larger angle β, which is easy to make the bite angle α, as shown in FIG. Become.

  By providing the bit exchanging device 35, it is possible to obtain a tunnel excavator such as the shield machine 1 having the same effect as described above.

  Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the drawings, the embodiments are only examples of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the configurations of the embodiments. Needless to say, design changes and the like within the scope of the present invention are included in the present invention.

1 is a perspective view of a shield machine according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is explanatory drawing of an umbrella wheel-shaped rotation bit body. It is explanatory drawing of another umbrella wheel-shaped rotation bit body. It is sectional drawing along the circumferential direction at the time of using a teeth bit as an umbrella wheel-shaped rotation bit body. It is sectional drawing along the radial direction of FIG. It is sectional drawing along the circumferential direction at the time of using a shell bit as an umbrella wheel-shaped rotation bit body. It is sectional drawing along the radial direction of FIG. It is an example of the bit exchange apparatus using a ratchet mechanism, (a) is sectional drawing along a circumferential direction, (b) is sectional drawing along a radial direction. FIG. 9 is an operation diagram of FIG. 8. It is another example of the bit exchange apparatus using a ratchet mechanism, (a) is sectional drawing along the circumferential direction, (b) is sectional drawing along a radial direction. FIG. 11 is an operation diagram of FIG. 10. It is another example of the bit exchange apparatus using a ratchet mechanism, (a) is sectional drawing along the circumferential direction, (b) is sectional drawing along radial direction, (c) is an operation | movement figure. It is an example of the bit exchange apparatus using a rack and pinion mechanism, (a) is sectional drawing along the circumferential direction, (b) is sectional drawing along a radial direction, (c) is an operation | movement figure. It is another example of the bit exchange apparatus using a rack and pinion mechanism, (a) is sectional drawing along the circumferential direction. It is a perspective view of the shield machine which has a cutter face. It is a perspective view of the shield machine which has a cutter pork.

Explanation of symbols

3 Cutter Head 4 Cutter Face 5 Cut Spoke 12 Teeth Bit 13 Shell Bit 25 Rotating Body 27 Umbrella-Shaped Rotating Bit Body 35 Bit Exchanger X Circumferential Direction Y Radial Direction

Claims (4)

A frustoconical rotating body is provided, and a plurality of bits are arranged in an umbrella shape on the outer periphery of the rotating body to constitute an umbrella wheel-shaped rotating bit body,
The umbrella wheel-like rotating bit body is rotatably housed in the cutter face of the cutter head or inside the cutter pork so that the bit to be used is exposed in the ground and the unused bit is hidden,
A bit exchanging mechanism comprising a bit exchanging device for rotating a bevel wheel-shaped rotating bit body at a required angle to cause a new bit to appear on the surface when the bit on the surface is worn.   2. The bit exchange mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the bevel wheel-shaped rotating bit body is attached so as to be rotatable in a direction different from the rotating direction of the cutter head.   The bit exchange mechanism according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the bevel wheel-shaped rotating bit body is disposed to be inclined with respect to any one of a radial direction, a circumferential direction, and a front-rear direction of the cutter head.   A tunnel excavator comprising the bit exchange mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

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