JP2002047889A - Cutter replacing method and tunnel boring machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To easily replace a cutter in a short time in a cutter replacing method and a tunnel boring machine to reduce a burden on a worker and to improve safety while making a device compact, lightweight and simple. SOLUTION: An inner cylinder 41 is rotatably supported into a cutter spoke 32 of a cutter head 15, and replaceable cutter bits 38 are mounted in a forward projecting manner in the inner cylinder 41. When the cutter bit 38 wears out, the cutter bit 38 is accommodated in the inner cylinder 41 and reversed so as to face backward, then moved to the center part of the cutter head 15 and replaced with a new cutter bit.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for exchanging a cutter of a tunnel excavator for exchanging a roller cutter or a cutter bit provided in the tunnel excavator, and a tunnel excavator such as a tunnel boring machine or a shield machine.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art For example, in a shielded excavator, a disk-shaped cutter head that can be driven and rotated is rotatably mounted on a front portion of a cylindrical excavator body, and a number of cutter bits are mounted on the cutter head. On the other hand, a large number of shield jacks for advancing the excavator body are mounted at the rear, and an erector device for mounting a segment on the inner wall surface of the existing tunnel is mounted. Therefore, when the shield jack is extended while rotating the cutter head, the excavator body moves forward by obtaining the excavation reaction force from the existing segment, and each cutter bit excavates the ground in front, thereby forming a tunnel. .

[0003] In recent years, tunnels have tended to be long-hauled, and a cutter bit mounted on a cutter head is worn during tunnel excavation work. If the cutter bit is worn, the excavation efficiency of the ground decreases, so that the excavation operation must be stopped and each worn bit must be replaced.

Conventionally, the cutter bit has been replaced by solidifying and improving the front ground by injecting or freezing a chemical solution, excavating to the ground improvement point, and retreating to discharge all the excavated earth and sand in the chamber. However, the cutter bit has been replaced in front of the cutter head or in the chamber.

Further, the cutter bit is made replaceable from the rear of the cutter head, and an operator enters the cutter head to replace the cutter bit.

[0006]

However, the work of exchanging the cutter bit, which is performed by the operator outside the machine, is expensive and uneconomical due to the cost of a chemical solution used for improving the ground. It takes a long time and the workability is not good. In addition, since the worker works in a narrow space such as in front of the cutter head or in the chamber, there is a problem that the work becomes inconvenient and the burden on the worker increases.

Further, in the replacement work of the cutter bit performed by the worker entering the cutter head, a room for the worker to perform the replacement work by entering the rear of the cutter head must be provided, and the cutter head is large. However, there is a problem that the driving force becomes excessively necessary and the excavation efficiency is reduced.

The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and it is possible to easily and quickly replace a cutter.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a cutter exchanging method and a tunnel excavator in which the burden on an operator is reduced to improve safety and the size and weight of the apparatus are reduced and the apparatus is simplified.

[0009]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cutter exchanging method, wherein a cutter head is rotatably mounted on a front portion of a main body of a cutting machine. In a tunnel excavator in which cutter spokes are provided radially and a cutter for excavating a ground in front of the cutter spoke is provided, when the cutter head is stopped, the cutter is housed in the cutter spoke, and the cutter is removed. The cutter is turned to the rear in the digging direction and the cutter projecting opening formed in the cutter spoke is closed, and the cutter is moved to the center or the support portion of the cutter head and replaced with another cutter. Is what you do.

A tunnel excavator according to a second aspect of the present invention has a tubular excavator body, a propulsion jack for advancing the excavator body, and a drive rotatably mounted on a front portion of the excavator body. A cutter head, a cutter spoke having a cylindrical shape and having an opening formed in a front surface portion and radially provided on a front surface portion of the cutter head, a cutter mounted in the cutter spoke, and the cutter Cutter retracting means movable to a storage position in a spoke and a projecting position to an outside from an opening of the cutter spoke, cutter reversing means capable of rotating the cutter back and forth to reverse, and opening of the cutter spoke Opening / closing means capable of opening and closing a portion, and cutter moving means capable of moving the cutter to a storage position in the cutter spoke and a center of the cutter head or a replacement position of a support portion. Is characterized in that the equipped.

Further, in the tunnel excavator according to the third aspect of the present invention, the opening / closing means has an opening adapted to the opening of the Kata's spoke and is rotatably supported in the Kata's spoke. A moving body is supported in the inner cylinder so as to be movable in the longitudinal direction, and the cutter is mounted on the moving body.

Further, in the tunnel excavator according to the invention of claim 4, the cutter excavating / retracting means is a hydraulic jack, and when the respective openings of the cut-spoke and the inner cylinder are adapted,
The cutter can be protruded and retracted by the hydraulic jack.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the tunnel excavator, a plurality of moving bodies connected to each other are movably supported in the inner cylinder, and the cutter is mounted on each of the moving bodies. And

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a tunnel excavator, wherein a cutter exchanging chamber is provided at a center portion or a support portion of the cutter head, and one end of the cutter spoke is communicated with the cutter exchanging chamber. I have.

[0015]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a shield excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a front view of the shield excavator, FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the tip of a cut-spoke, and FIG.
IV section, FIG. 5 shows a cross section of the base end of the cut-spoke showing cutter bit reversing work, FIG. 6 shows a VI-VI cross section of FIG. 5, FIG. FIG. 8 shows a cross section of a main part of a cutter head showing a cutter bit replacing operation.

In the shielded excavator of the present embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the excavator body 11 has a cylindrical front body 11a and a rear body 11b that are flexibly connected by a spherical bearing 12, It can be bent by a plurality of middle folding jacks 13. Front body 1 of this excavator body 11
A cutter head 15 is rotatably mounted on a front portion of the blade 1a by a bearing 14. A ring gear 16 is fixed to a rear portion of the cutter head 15, while a turning motor 17 is attached to the front body 11 a, and a driving gear 18 of the turning motor 17 meshes with the ring gear 16. Therefore, when the turning motor 17 is driven to rotate the drive gear 18, the cutter head 15 can be rotated via the ring gear 16.

A bulkhead 19 is mounted on the front body 11a behind the cutter head 15.
A chamber 20 is formed between the cutter head 15 and the bulk head 19. A screw conveyor 21 is provided in the excavator body 11, and a front end communicates with the chamber 20, and a rear end is connected to the excavator body 11.
It is extended outside.

On the other hand, a plurality of shield jacks 22 are arranged along the circumferential direction around the inside of the front portion of the rear trunk 11b of the excavator body 11, and the shield jacks 22 extend rearward in the excavation direction to excavate the tunnel. By pressing against the existing segment S constructed on the inner peripheral surface, the excavator body 11 can be advanced by the reaction force. Further, a swing ring 24 is swingable on the rear trunk 11b by a support member 23, and is swingable by a drive motor 25.
An erector device 25 for assembling the segment S is mounted on the revolving ring 24.

In this embodiment, a large number of cutter bits are mounted on the cutter head 15 described above. If the cutter bits are worn, the worn cutter bits are stored and turned over, and then the cutter head 15 is supported. It is possible to exchange it for a new cutter bit by moving to the central part which is a part.

That is, the cutter head 15 is configured such that a plurality of (six in the present embodiment) cut-spokes 32 are radially mounted from the rotary cylinder 31 at the center, and the distal ends are connected by the outer peripheral ring 33. . And the rotating cylinder 31
The front cutter bit 34 is fixed to the front surface of the front end portion, and the opening formed in the rear surface portion is closed by the gate 35. The cutter spoke 32 has a cylindrical shape, and fixed cutter bits 36 are fixed on both sides along the radial direction. Also,
A fixed cutter bit 37 and an exchangeable cutter bit 38 are provided at every other central portion of the cutter spoke 32 along the radial direction. The three cutter spokes 32 are provided with copy cutters 39 so as to be able to protrude and retract from the openings 40.

In this exchangeable cutter bit 38, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, an inner cylinder 41 as opening / closing means is rotatably fitted in the cut-spoke 32, and the opening of the cut-spoke 32 is opened. An opening 42 compatible with the portion 40 is formed. A housing 43 as a moving body is disposed in the inner cylinder 42 in the longitudinal direction (the radial direction of the cutter head 15).
It is movably supported along. This housing 4
3, a plurality of cases 44 are formed, and in each case 44, a hydraulic jack 45 as a cutter retracting means is mounted.
An exchangeable cutter bit 38 is provided at the tip of the movable jack 46.
Is detachably mounted. A rotation locking member 47 having a hexagonal portion 47a is detachably provided at the base end of the inner cylinder 41, and is normally attached to the cutter head 15 by a fastening member (not shown). Being
The inner cylinder 41 cannot rotate.

Therefore, the opening 40 of the cut-spoke 32
When the movable rod 46 is extended by the hydraulic jack 45 in a state where the opening 42 of the inner cylinder 41 is adapted to the above, the exchangeable cutter bit 38 is moved from the cutter spoke 32 to the cutter head 1.
5, and the front ground can be excavated by the rotation of the cutter head 15. On the other hand, when the moving rod 46 is contracted by the hydraulic jack 45, the exchange-type cutter bit 3
8 can be accommodated in the cut spokes 32.

5 and 6 when the exchangeable cutter bit 38 is at the storage position in the cut-spoke 32.
As shown in FIG. 7, the fastening member is removed to release the fixing of the rotation locking member 47 to the cutter head 15, and the rotation locking member 4 is removed.
The hexagonal hole 48a of the rotation assisting plate 48 can be fitted to the hexagonal portion 47a of the seventh. Therefore, a reversing jack 49 as a cutter reversing means is mounted on the cutter head 15, and the drive rod 50 is extended and contracted, and the rotation assist plate 4
By rotating the inner cylinder 41 via the rotation locking member 47, the exchangeable cutter bit 38 accommodated in the cut-spoke 32 can be inverted and turned rearward. The opening 40 of the cut-spoke 32 is formed by the cylinder 41.
Can be closed.

Further, when the replaceable cutter bit 38 faces rearward at the storage position in the cut spoke 32, FIG.
As shown in FIG. 5, a pair of moving jacks 51 as cutter moving means are mounted on the cutter head 15 and each driving rod 5
When the drive rod 52 is contracted by the movable jack 51 in a state in which the housing 43 is extended into the inner cylinder 41 and the distal end is connected to the housing 43, the housing 43 is moved to the cutter head 1.
5 to the drive rod 52 and the housing 4
The exchangeable cutter bit 38 can be pulled into the rotary cylinder 31 as a cutter exchange chamber and exchanged by repeatedly expanding and contracting the movable jack 51 by changing the connection portion with the cutter jack 3.

Here, a description will be given of a tunnel excavating operation and a cutter bit exchanging operation performed by the tunnel excavator of the present embodiment thus configured.

In order to excavate and form a tunnel, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, while the cutter head 15 is rotated by the turning motor 17, a plurality of shield jacks 22 are extended and pressed against the existing segment S. By moving the excavator body 11 forward by force, a large number of cutter bits 34, 36, 37, 38 excavate the ground in front. The excavated earth and sand is taken into the chamber 20 and discharged to the outside by the screw conveyor 21. Next, one of the shield jacks 22 is operated in the contraction direction to form a space between the shield jack 22 and the existing segment S,
A new segment S is mounted in this space by the erector device 25. By repeating this operation, a tunnel of a predetermined length is excavated and formed.

If such a tunnel excavation operation is performed for a long time, the cutter bits 34, 36, 37, 3
8 is worn and the excavating ability is reduced, so that replacement is required. That is, first, as shown in the solid line of FIG. 3 and FIG. 4A, the moving rod 46 is contracted by each hydraulic jack 45 while the rotation of the cutter head 15 is stopped, and the two-dot chain line of FIG. As shown in FIG. 4 (b), the exchangeable cutter bit 38 is housed in the cut spoke 32.

Next, as shown in FIGS. 4 (c), 5 and 6, the operator removes the gate 35 and enters the rotating cylinder 31, removes the fastening member and removes the cutter head of the rotation locking member 47. The rotation fixing plate 15 is released, the hexagonal hole 47a of the rotation assisting plate 48 is fitted into the hexagonal portion 47a of the rotation locking body 47, and the reversing jack 49 is mounted on the cutter head 15.
In this state, the drive rod 50 of the reversing jack 49 is expanded and contracted to rotate the rotation assisting plate 48 by a predetermined angle via the projection 48b, and the inner cylinder 41 is
Rotate 0 °. Then, the exchangeable cutter bit 38 is turned inside the cutter spoke 32 and turned rearward.
1, the opening 40 of the cut spoke 32 is closed.

Then, as shown in FIGS. 4 (c) and 7,
The rotation locking body 47 and the rotation auxiliary plate 48 are removed from the cutter spokes 32, and the reversing jack 49 is removed from the cutter head 15. On the other hand, a pair of movable jacks 51 are mounted on the cutter head 15 and each drive rod 52
Is extended into the inner cylinder 41 and the front end is connected to the housing 43. In this state, the driving rod 52 is contracted by the moving jack 51, and as shown in FIG.
Is moved toward the center of the cutter head 15, and all the replaceable cutter bits 38 are drawn into the rotary cylinder 31. here,
The operator removes the worn replaceable cutter bit 38 attached to the moving rod 46 of the hydraulic jack 45 and installs a new replaceable cutter bit.

When the worn replaceable cutter bit 38 is replaced with a new replaceable cutter bit, the new replaceable cutter bit is returned to a predetermined position by the reverse operation. That is, the housing 43 is moved to the outer peripheral side of the cutter head 15 by the extension of the movable jack 51, and the movable jack 51 is removed. And Katas Spoke 3
2, the rotation stopper 47 and the rotation assisting plate 48 are attached, and the cutter head 15 is fitted with a reversing jack 49. The expansion / contraction of the reversing jack 49 causes the inner cylinder 41 to pass through the rotation assisting plate 48 and the rotation stopper 47. Is rotated by 180 °, and the exchangeable cutter bit 38 is rotated in the cutter spoke 32 to be directed forward, and the opening 42 of the inner cylinder 41 is fitted to the opening 40 of the cutter spoke 32, and the rotation assisting plate 48 is rotated. Then, the turning jack 47 is fixed to the cutter head 15 by removing the reversing jack 49. Then, the hydraulic jack 45 is extended to project the replaceable cutter bit 38 forward of the cutter head 15 from the cutter spoke 32.

As described above, in the tunnel excavator of the present embodiment, the inner cylinder 41 is rotatably supported in the cutter spoke 32 of the cutter head 15 and the exchangeable cutter bit 38 is provided in the inner cylinder 41. Is mounted so as to protrude forward, and when the cutter bit 38 is worn, the cutter bit 38 is housed in the inner cylinder 41, and is turned backward so that the cutter bit 38 is attached to the center (support portion) of the cutter head 15. I move it and exchange it for a new cutter bit.

Therefore, in replacing the worn cutter bit, it is not necessary for the operator to go outside the machine, and it is not necessary to inject a chemical solution for freezing the ground, thereby reducing the operation cost and the operation time. Workability is improved. Also,
There is no need for a space for an operator to enter the rear of the cutter head and perform an exchange operation, and it is possible to prevent a decrease in excavation efficiency due to an increase in the size of the cutter head.

In the above embodiment, the inner cylinder 41 is rotatably supported in the cut-spoke 32, and the exchangeable cutter bit 38 can be moved into the inner cylinder 41.
The reversing operation of the exchange-type cutter bit 38 and the closing operation of the opening 40 were performed by the rotation operation of the housing 1. To rotate the exchangeable cutter bit 38
May be reversed.

Further, a plurality of exchangeable cutter bits 38 are mounted on the housing 43 so as to move integrally.
The interchangeable cutter bit 38 may be independently movable with the case 44 provided separately. In this case, case 4
The replacement cutter bit 38 may be replaced by the inner cylinder 41 removing the replacement cutter bit 38. Further, after the worn cutter bit 38 is stored and inverted, it is moved into the rotary cylinder 31 provided at the center of the cutter head 15 to be exchangeable with a new cutter bit. It may be replaced by moving to an intermediate beam as a shifted support.

In the above-described embodiment, the tunnel excavator according to the present invention is provided with the cutter bit 34,
Although described as a shield excavator equipped with 36, 37, and 38, the present invention can also be applied to a tunnel boring machine provided with a disk cutter. Furthermore, although the tunnel excavator of the present invention has been described as a mud pressure shielded excavator, it may be a muddy shielded excavator. In this case, a water pipe, a drain pipe, and an agitator may be used instead of the screw conveyor.

[0037]

As described above in detail in the embodiment, according to the cutter replacing method of the first aspect, when the cutter head is stopped, the cutter is housed in the cutter spoke and the cutter is rotated. And the cutter protruding opening formed in the cut-spoke was closed, and the cutter was moved to the center of the cutter head or the support part and replaced with another cutter. Is performed easily and in a short time, the burden on the worker can be reduced, and safety can be improved.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the tubular excavator body can be advanced by the propulsion jack, and a drive rotatable cutter head is mounted on the front of the excavator body. A cutter mounting / dismounting means capable of moving the cutter to a storage position in the cutter spoke and a projecting position to the outside from the opening of the cutter spoke, wherein the cutter is mounted in a cylindrical cutter spoke forming the cutter head, Cutter reversing means capable of rotating the cutter back and forth and reversing, opening and closing means capable of opening and closing the opening of the cut-spoke,
Cutter moving means that can move the cutter between the storage position in the cutter spoke and the center of the cutter head or the replacement position of the support portion is provided, so that the cutter is stored in the cutter spoke and turned rearward in the excavation direction, and the cutter is moved. Close the protruding opening, move the cutter to the center of the cutter head and replace it with another cutter, easily and quickly replace the cutter, reduce the burden on the operator and safety Can be improved, and it is not necessary to secure a work space for the operator in the cut spokes, so that the device can be reduced in size and weight and simplified.

According to the tunnel excavator of the third aspect of the present invention, the opening / closing means is an inner cylinder having an opening adapted to the opening of the Katas spoke and rotatably supported in the Katas spoke. Since the movable body is movably supported in the longitudinal direction in the inner cylinder and the cutter is mounted, the turning operation of the inner cylinder simultaneously performs the reversing operation of the cutter accommodated in the cut-spoke and the closing operation of the cutter protruding opening. Thereby, workability can be improved.

According to the tunnel excavator of the present invention, the cutter retracting means is a hydraulic jack, and the cutter can be retracted by the hydraulic jack when the respective openings of the cutter spoke and the inner cylinder are fitted. Therefore, it is possible to reliably perform the water stoppage at each of the openings of the cutout spoke and the inner cylinder.

According to the tunnel excavator of the fifth aspect of the present invention, a plurality of moving bodies connected to each other are movably supported in the inner cylinder, and a cutter is mounted on each moving body. The workability can be improved by performing the work of exchanging the cutter described above.

According to the tunnel excavator of the present invention, the cutter exchanging chamber is provided at the center or the support of the cutter head, and one end of the cut-spoke is communicated with the cutter exchanging chamber. By performing the cutter replacement work in the room, the cutter replacement work can be easily performed.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a shield excavator according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front view of the shield excavator.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a tip portion of the cut spoke.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a base end portion of the cutter spoke showing a cutter bit reversing operation.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line VI-VI of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a base end portion of the cutter spoke showing a cutter bit retracting operation.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a main part of a cutter head showing a cutter bit replacing operation.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Excavator main body 15 Cutter head 17 Rotation motor 23 Shield jack (propulsion jack) 25 Electa apparatus 31 Rotating cylinder (Cutter exchange room) 32 Cutter spoke 35 Gate 36 Fixed cutter bit 38 Exchangeable cutter bit 40 Opening 41 Inner cylinder ( Opening / closing means) 42 Opening 43 Housing 44 Case 45 Moving jack (Cutter moving means) 47 Rotation locking body 48 Rotation auxiliary plate 49 Reverse jack (Cutter reversing means) 51 Moving jack (Cutter moving means)

Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Ken Murakami 1-1-1 Wadazakicho, Hyogo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo Prefecture Inside the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.Kobe Shipyard (72) Inventor Kunio Takeda 2-2-1 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo No. Obayashi Gumi Tokyo Head Office (72) Inventor Takashi Kitaoka 2-2-1 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo Obayashi Gumi Tokyo Head Office (72) Inventor Maki Nakasuji 2-2-1 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo Stock Company Obayashi Corporation Tokyo Head Office (72) Inventor Naoki Ueda 2-15-2 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo Obayashi Corporation Tokyo Head Office F-term (reference) 2D054 AC01 AC20 BA04 BA06 BB07 CA02

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A cutter head is rotatably mounted on a front portion of an excavator body, a cutter spoke is radially provided on the cutter head, and a cutter for excavating a ground in front is provided on the cutter spoke. In a tunnel excavator,
When the cutter head is stopped, the cutter is accommodated in the cutter spoke, the cutter is turned to face backward in the excavation direction, and a cutter projecting opening formed in the cutter spoke is closed. A cutter replacement method, wherein the cutter is moved to a center portion or a support portion of the head and replaced with another cutter. 2. A cylindrical excavator main body, a propulsion jack for advancing the excavator main body, a cutter head mounted rotatably at a front portion of the excavator main body, and a cylindrical front surface portion. A cutter spoke formed radially on the front face of the cutter head, a cutter mounted in the cutter spoke, a storage position of the cutter in the cutter spoke, and an opening of the cutter spoke. Cutter retracting means movable to a position protruding from the part to the outside, cutter reversing means capable of rotating the cutter back and forth and reversing, opening and closing means capable of opening and closing an opening of the cut spoke, and the cutter A cutter moving means capable of moving the cutter head to a storage position in the cut-spoke and a replacement position of a center portion of the cutter head or a support portion. 3. The tunnel excavator according to claim 2, wherein the opening / closing means is an inner cylinder having an opening adapted to the opening of the Katas spoke and rotatably supported in the Katas spoke. A tunnel excavator, wherein a movable body is movably supported in the inner cylinder in a longitudinal direction, and the cutter is mounted on the movable body. 4. The tunnel excavator according to claim 3, wherein the cutter projecting / retracting means is a hydraulic jack, and when the respective openings of the cutter spoke and the inner cylinder are fitted,
A tunnel excavator, wherein the cutter can be protruded and retracted by the hydraulic jack. 5. The tunnel excavator according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of moving bodies connected to each other are movably supported in the inner cylinder, and the cutters are mounted on the respective moving bodies. Tunnel excavator. 6. A tunnel excavator according to claim 2, wherein a cutter exchange chamber is provided at a center portion or a support portion of said cutter head, and one end of said cut-spoke is communicated with said cutter exchange chamber. Tunnel excavator.