JP2005256355A - Screw conveyor type cutter and shaft boring machine - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To efficiently take in excavated soil and sand deposited on a facing surface and remove soil and sand in an excavation for a shaft. <P>SOLUTION: A screw cutter 9 extended to the outside in the radial direction and rotated and driven is installed to a cutter-head rotating shaft 5 extended and mounted in the excavating direction to the front axial center section of a shaft boring machine 1 excavating the shaft. A casing 8 facing the screw cutter 9 to the natural ground side and exposing and covering the screw cutter 9 is fitted to the external section of the screw cutter 9. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a cutter and a shaft excavator for excavating a shaft, and more particularly to a cutter and a shaft excavator improved so that excavated soil can be efficiently discharged.

  When excavating a vertical shaft as a starting point or an end point of tunnel construction, a vertical shaft excavator with a cutter arranged downward is used. For this reason, excavated earth and sand accumulate on the face of the cutter in front, and cannot be taken into the chamber, making it impossible to take it into the machine. Therefore, conventionally, a cutter head is formed in a conical shape, and a natural shaft is excavated in the shape of a mortar. There was an advancing machine that sent excavated sediment into the chamber by flowing high-pressure water through the face.

JP-A-6-42292 JP-A-5-25989 JP-A 64-24993 JP-A-6-167191

  However, in the shaft excavation machine having the conical cutter head as described above, if the friction between the face and the excavated earth is high, the excavated earth does not collect at the center of the bottom face of the face, and the efficiency of taking in the excavated earth is deteriorated. There was a problem.

  Moreover, in the vertical excavation machine that allows high-pressure water to flow through the face, the excavated sediment may not move properly depending on the properties of the sediment, and the intake efficiency of the excavated sediment may deteriorate.

  Accordingly, the present invention has been developed to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a cutter and a shaft excavation machine capable of efficiently taking in and excavating excavated sediment deposited on the face. There is.

  In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the invention of claim 1 is characterized in that a cutter head rotating shaft provided in the front shaft center portion of a shaft excavator for excavating a shaft extends in the radial direction and extends radially outward. A screw conveyor type cutter that is provided with a screw cutter that is driven to rotate and a casing that is exposed and covered on the outer side of the screw cutter on the ground side.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the shaft excavation machine for excavating the shaft, the cutter head rotating shaft provided in the excavation direction is provided on the front axis of the excavator main body so as to extend radially outward and rotate. A shaft excavator is provided with a screw cutter that covers the outer surface of the screw cutter so that the screw cutter faces the ground and is exposed.

  A third aspect of the present invention is a shaft excavation machine in which a sediment discharge port for discharging excavated sediment to the inside of the machine is formed on the opposite side of the exposed portion of the screw cutter of the casing.

  The invention of claim 4 is a shaft excavation machine in which the earth and sand discharge port is formed in the vicinity of the base end portion of the casing.

  A fifth aspect of the present invention is a shaft excavation machine in which carbide chips are provided at a predetermined pitch on an outer peripheral portion of the screw cutter.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the outstanding effect that the excavation earth and sand deposited on a face face can be taken in efficiently and discharged | emitted is exhibited.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a bottom view showing a preferred embodiment of a shaft excavator according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a side sectional view showing a preferred embodiment of a screw conveyor type cutter according to the present invention, and FIG. The principal part expanded sectional view which showed suitable embodiment of the screw conveyor type cutter which concerns on invention, FIG. 4 is IV-IV sectional view taken on the line of FIG. 2, FIG. 5 is suitable implementation of the shaft excavation machine which concerns on this invention It is side surface sectional drawing which showed the form.

  In the present embodiment, an explanation will be given by taking as an example a muddy-type shield machine that supplies muddy water to natural ground and takes in excavated earth and sand together with muddy water.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, the shaft excavating machine 1 includes a cylindrical shield frame 2 extending in the vertical direction, and a bulkhead 3 is provided near the lower end (front surface) of the shield frame 2. Yes. A screw conveyor type cutter 11 described later is provided at the center (axial center portion) of the bulkhead 3. A muddy water chamber 12 is defined by the bulkhead 3 and the front end portion 2 a of the shield frame 2. In the vicinity of the outer peripheral portion of the bulkhead 3, a mud pipe 14 for supplying muddy water to the muddy water chamber 12 is opened. A plurality of mud pipes 14 are provided at a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction of the shield. In the vicinity of the central portion of the bulkhead 3, a mud discharge pipe 15 that takes in excavated earth and sand together with mud water is provided open.

  The screw conveyor type cutter 11 includes a cutter head rotating shaft 5 that is provided at the center of the bulkhead 3 and extends in the excavation direction. The cutter head rotating shaft 5 is pivotally supported through the bulk head 3, and a cutter head driving motor 6 for rotating the cutter head rotating shaft 5 is provided inside the shield frame 2 at the rear thereof. It is connected via a gear 7 consisting of a spur gear. The cutter head drive motor 6 includes a reduction gear and is fixed in the machine.

  As shown in FIGS. 2, 3, and 5, a plurality of casings 8 having a substantially arc-shaped cross section (see FIG. 4) having a lower opening are radially provided near the front end of the cutter head rotating shaft 5. The opening 23 formed in the lower part of the casing 8 is formed over the entire length in the longitudinal direction, and a screw blade-shaped screw cutter 9 extends radially outwardly in the casing 8 and is freely rotatable. Is provided. The screw cutter 9 is configured such that the outer peripheral portion of a spirally configured blade protrudes downward by a predetermined length from the opening 23 at the bottom of the casing 8 and is exposed facing the natural mountain side.

  The casing 8 is disposed so as to extend in the shield radial direction, the base end portion thereof is integrally fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the cutter head rotating shaft 5, and the distal end portion is in the vicinity of the inner peripheral surface of the front end portion 2 a of the shield frame 2. It extends to. A lid member 8 a that covers the tip of the casing 8 is provided at the tip of the casing 8. The screw cutter 9 is formed such that the outer peripheral portion of the blade is rotatable with a slight clearance from the inner peripheral surface of the casing 8, and the casing 8 is provided on the outer portion of the screw cutter 9. The screw cutter 9 and the casing 8 form a screw conveyor for transferring excavated earth and sand in the casing 8 in the longitudinal direction.

  A sand discharge port 24 for discharging excavated earth and sand to the inside of the machine is formed on the upper surface in the vicinity of the base end of the casing 8 (on the side opposite to the exposed portion of the screw cutter 9). The earth and sand discharge port 24 is formed at a position facing the intake port 25 of the mud pipe 15.

  The screw cutter 9 is attached to a cutter pork 16 provided in the casing 8 along the longitudinal direction thereof. The tip of the screw cutter 9 and the cutter pork 16 extends to the vicinity of the lid member 8 a of the casing 8. The base end portion of the cutter pork 16 is supported by the cutter head rotating shaft 5 and extends to the inside of the cutter head rotating shaft 5. A bevel gear 17 a (see FIG. 5) is fixed to the base end portion of the cutter spoke 16. On the other hand, the cutter head rotating shaft 5 is formed in a cylindrical shape, and a screw cutter rotating shaft 18 for rotating the screw cutter 9 integrated with the cutter pork 16 is provided along the excavation direction. . A screw cutter driving motor 19 is provided at the rear end of the screw cutter rotating shaft 18 and is connected via a gear 21 formed of a spur gear. The screw cutter drive motor 19 includes a reduction gear and is fixed in the machine. A bevel gear 17 b is fixed to the front end of the screw cutter rotating shaft 18. The bevel gear 17b meshes with the bevel gear 17a, and the driving force of the screw cutter driving motor 19 is applied to the screw cutter 9 integral with the cutter pork 16 via the screw cutter rotating shaft 18 and the bevel gears 17b and 17a. Communicated.

  As shown in FIG. 4, carbide tips 22 are embedded at a predetermined pitch in the outer peripheral portion of the blade of the screw cutter 9. The cemented carbide tip 22 is formed in a rod shape and is embedded extending from the outer peripheral portion of the blade of the screw cutter 9 in the blade radial direction.

  The screw conveyor type cutter 11 having the above-described configuration is configured such that the screw cutter driving motor 19 rotates the casing 8 and the screw cutter 9 around the cutter head rotating shaft 5 while the cutter head driving motor 6 rotates the casing 8 and the screw cutter 9. The natural ground is excavated by rotating 16 around the axis of the cutter pork 16.

  According to the above configuration, the rotation around the cutter head rotation axis 5 and the rotation around the axis of the cutter spoke 16 can be operated independently. Here, as indicated by arrows in FIG. 1, the traveling direction (sliding direction) of the cutter pork 16 due to the rotation around the cutter head rotation axis 5 and the traveling direction of the excavation surface due to the rotation around the axis of the cutter pork 16. By making the (rotating direction) the same, the relative sliding speed between the natural ground and the screw cutter 9 increases. Therefore, excavation efficiency is greatly improved. Specifically, the relative speed between the natural ground and the screw cutter 9 includes the sliding speed of the cutter pork 16 relative to the natural ground due to the rotation around the cutter head rotating shaft 5, the rotational angular speed of the cutter pork 16, and the radius of the screw cutter 16. Is a speed obtained by adding the sliding speed of the outer peripheral surface of the screw cutter 9 with respect to the ground.

  Then, the excavated earth and sand are transferred together with the muddy water in the casing 8 toward the earth and sand discharge port 24 by the rotation of the screw cutter 9, and then taken into the mud drain pipe 15, to the rear of the shaft excavator 1. Discharged.

  At this time, the screw cutter 9 rotates inside the cylindrical space defined by the casing 8 and the face surface, so that the excavated earth and sand together with the muddy water are rotated by the rotation of the screw cutter 9 around the axis of the cutter pork 16. It can be moved toward the earth and sand discharge port 24 on the inner side in the shield radial direction (toward the direction of extrusion of the screw cutter 9), and efficient earth removal can be performed.

  As described above, the cutter is the screw conveyor type cutter 11 and the excavated earth and sand are mechanically transferred to the intake 25 portion of the mud pipe 15. It can be taken in reliably and efficiently. Furthermore, since the excavated sediment on the face is transferred and removed, the screw cutter 9 is always in contact with the face and the excavation efficiency can be improved.

  Further, according to the present invention, since the cutter itself has a function of transferring excavated earth and sand, it is not necessary to separately provide an apparatus for transferring excavated earth and sand, and the shaft excavator 1 having a relatively simple configuration is provided. be able to. Furthermore, since the outer peripheral portion of the blade of the screw cutter 9 is used as the excavation surface of the cutter, the excavation surface can be ensured long, and the cutter wear due to sliding with the face can be dispersed, so that the life of the cutter can be extended. Further, by providing the carbide cutter 22 on the screw cutter 9, the life of the cutter can be further extended.

  FIG. 6 is a side sectional view showing another preferred embodiment of the shaft excavation machine according to the present invention.

  The shaft excavator 31 of this embodiment is an earth pressure type shield excavator. Inside the machine, a screw conveyor 32 is provided as a soil removal device for discharging the excavated earth and sand to the rear of the excavator. The screw conveyor 32 has an intake port 33 opened near the center of the bulkhead 3, and a sediment discharge port 24 of the casing 8 is formed in the vicinity of the intake port 33.

  Since other configurations are the same as those in the above embodiment, the same reference numerals are given and description thereof is omitted.

  Also in the present embodiment, the excavated earth and sand is reliably transferred to the intake port 33 of the earth discharging device (screw conveyor 32), so that the same effect as described above can be obtained.

  7, 8 and 9 are side cross-sectional views respectively showing other preferred embodiments of the screw conveyor type cutter according to the present invention.

  The screw conveyor type cutter 35 according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 7 is provided with the earth and sand discharge port 24 at an intermediate portion in the longitudinal direction of the casing 8. The twisting direction of the screw is reversed in the middle part of the screw cutter 9 so that the excavated earth and sand is transferred toward the earth and sand discharge port 24. That is, screw cutters 9 having opposite twisting directions are provided on the proximal end side and the distal end side of the cutter pork 16, respectively. Since other configurations are the same as those of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, the same reference numerals are given and the description thereof is omitted.

  According to the said structure, the arrangement | positioning location of the sludge pipe 15 can be changed. That is, since the position of the earth and sand discharge port 24 can be arbitrarily set by reversing the twisting direction of the screw at a desired position, the arrangement position of the mud discharge pipe 15 can be set at a desired position. As a result, the layout of various devices in the machine can be liberalized and a more efficient machine layout can be achieved.

  The screw conveyor type cutter 36 of the embodiment of FIG. 8 is obtained by changing the arrangement pitch between adjacent blades of the screw cutter 9. Specifically, the blade arrangement pitch on the shield diameter center side (base end side) is widened, and the blade arrangement pitch on the shield radial direction outer side (tip side) is narrowed. In the present embodiment, the blade arrangement pitch is configured to change substantially at the middle portion of the screw cutter 9, but the blade arrangement pitch is gradually reduced from the center side toward the outside. May be. Since other configurations are the same as those of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, the same reference numerals are given and the description thereof is omitted.

  Thus, by making the blade arrangement pitch of the screw cutter 9 located outside the shield radial direction narrower than the shield diameter center side, the length of the excavation surface outside the shield diameter direction can be made longer than the center side. Therefore, since many carbide tips 22 can be provided on the outer side where the sliding excavation distance is longer than the center side, uneven wear of the cutter can be prevented.

  The screw conveyor type cutter 37 of the embodiment of FIG. 9 is formed in a taper shape in which the casing 8 gradually increases in diameter as it goes outward in the shield radial direction. In accordance with this, the screw cutter 9 is also formed with an increased diameter as the blade diameter goes outward in the shield radial direction. The clearance between the outer peripheral portion of the blade of the screw cutter 9 and the inner peripheral surface of the casing 8 is configured to be constant. Since other configurations are the same as those of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, the same reference numerals are given and the description thereof is omitted.

  Thus, by increasing the blade diameter of the screw cutter 9 located on the outer side in the shield radial direction, the length of the excavation surface on the outer side in the shield radial direction can be made longer than the center side. Therefore, since many carbide tips 22 can be provided on the outer side where the sliding excavation distance is longer than the center side, uneven wear of the cutter can be prevented.

  In the above-described embodiment, the screw cutter 9 is provided on the cutter pork 16, but the cutter cutter 16 is omitted by directly supporting the screw cutter 9 on the cutter head rotating shaft 5 and fixing it to the bevel gear 17a. It is good. However, when considering the earth pressure received from the natural ground during excavation, the structure having the cutter pork 16 is superior in strength and preferable.

  Further, in the above-described embodiment, the cutter pork 16 is supported at the base end portion by the cutter head rotating shaft 5 and is cantilevered, but the bearing (not shown) is supported by the lid member 8a at the front end of the casing 8. And the cutter pork 16 may be pivotally supported at both ends thereof. According to this, the cutter intensity | strength with respect to the earth pressure from the natural ground received at the time of excavation can be raised.

It is the bottom view which showed suitable embodiment of the shaft excavation machine which concerns on this invention. It is side surface sectional drawing which showed suitable embodiment of the screw conveyor type cutter which concerns on this invention. It is the principal part expanded sectional view which showed suitable embodiment of the screw conveyor type cutter which concerns on this invention. It is the IV-IV sectional view taken on the line of FIG. It is side surface sectional drawing which showed suitable embodiment of the shaft excavation machine which concerns on this invention. It is side surface sectional drawing which showed other suitable embodiment of the shaft excavation machine which concerns on this invention. It is side surface sectional drawing which showed other suitable embodiment of the screw conveyor type cutter which concerns on this invention. It is side surface sectional drawing which showed other suitable embodiment of the screw conveyor type cutter which concerns on this invention. It is side surface sectional drawing which showed other suitable embodiment of the screw conveyor type cutter which concerns on this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Vertical digging machine 5 Cutter head rotating shaft 8 Casing 9 Screw cutter 11 Screw conveyor type cutter 22 Carbide chip 24 Sediment discharge port 31 Vertical excavation machine 35 Screw conveyor type cutter 36 Screw conveyor type cutter 37 Screw conveyor type cutter

Claims (5)

  A cutter head rotating shaft that extends in the excavation direction at the front shaft center of a shaft excavating machine for excavating a shaft is provided with a screw cutter that extends radially outward and is driven to rotate, and an outer side of the screw cutter. A screw conveyor type cutter, characterized in that a casing is provided so as to expose and cover the screw cutter on the natural ground side.   In the shaft excavator for excavating the shaft, a cutter head rotating shaft provided extending in the excavation direction in the front shaft center portion of the excavator main body is provided with a screw cutter that extends radially outward and is driven to rotate. A shaft excavation machine characterized in that a casing is provided on the outer side of the screw cutter so that the screw cutter faces the ground and is exposed.   The shaft excavation machine according to claim 2, wherein a sand discharge port for discharging excavated earth and sand to the inside of the machine is formed on the opposite side of the casing from the exposed portion of the screw cutter.   The shaft excavation machine according to claim 3, wherein the earth and sand discharge port is formed in the vicinity of a base end portion of the casing. The shaft excavation machine according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein carbide chips are provided at a predetermined pitch on an outer peripheral portion of the screw cutter.

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