JP3609883B2 - Method for producing steel plate for containers with extremely small earrings during drawing - Google Patents

Method for producing steel plate for containers with extremely small earrings during drawing Download PDF

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JP3609883B2
JP3609883B2 JP28626195A JP28626195A JP3609883B2 JP 3609883 B2 JP3609883 B2 JP 3609883B2 JP 28626195 A JP28626195 A JP 28626195A JP 28626195 A JP28626195 A JP 28626195A JP 3609883 B2 JP3609883 B2 JP 3609883B2
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Prior art keywords
rolling
less
container
steel plate
hot rolling
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JPH09125142A (en
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英邦 村上
哲郎 竹下
正春 亀田
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は2ピース缶に代表される飲料缶などの絞り成形を含む容器に利用される鋼板の製造方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
絞り成形やそれに続くしごき成形により得られる一体化した缶胴の開口部に缶蓋を巻き締めることで密閉容器とする飲料缶、食品缶などでは、鋼板歩留まりやしごき成形性などを低下させる成形時のイヤリング発生を低く抑えることが望まれている。しかし近年では使用材料の低減による低コスト化を目的とし、容器材料の板厚低減(極薄化)が指向されており、後述するようにイヤリングの増加が懸念されている。
【0003】
イヤリングは鋼板の集合組織に起因した塑性異方性(ランクフォード値)の鋼板面内方位について異方性により発生することはよく知られている。この面内異方性を小さくすべく種々の検討が行われているが、現状の容器用材料では極薄化を達成するため冷延圧下率を高く設定するとイヤリングは増大してしまう。この状況の中でイヤリングの小さい鋼板の製造方法が特開平5−287445号公報、特開平6−306534号公報などで開示されている。しかし、これまでの方法は冷延圧下率は80%〜90%程度における技術であり、特に高冷延率での低イヤリング化を指向したものではない。このため極薄化を図るため冷延率を高く設定した場合にはイヤリングは増大してしまい、極薄材でのイヤリングを十分に満足できなかった。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は上記のような従来の問題点を解消しようとするものであり、特に92%以上の高冷延率で製造される極薄容器材料において、絞り成形時のイヤリングが著しく小さくなるような鋼板の製造方法を提供するものである。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは特に90%以上でのランクフォード値の面内異方性と熱延条件との関係を検討する内、熱延仕上げ温度を通常適用されるオーステナイト単相域以下にし、さらに仕上げ圧延での圧下配分を制御した鋼板ではイヤリングが著しく抑制されることを知見した。さらに、熱延時の潤滑、仕上げ圧延後の水冷開始時間、冷却速度などについても、さらなる検討を加え本発明を達成したものである。
【0006】
本発明の要旨とするところは、92%以上の高冷延率でイヤリングの小さな極薄容器用鋼板を製造するにあたり、成分を通常使用される鋼板から大幅に変更することなく製造できる方法を提供するものである。すなわち、熱間圧延の仕上げ温度を通常の圧延温度域より低い温度とし、必要に応じて熱延時の潤滑条件、仕上げ熱延後の冷却条件を制御することにより最終製品の絞り成形時のイヤリングを低減させるものである。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
まず、成分について説明する。成分はすべて質量%である。
Cは、容器の製造過程における縮径時の耐しわ性、フランジ成形性などの点から低い方が好ましく、上限を0.1000%とする。近年の極薄材においてはフランジ成形性を確保するためより延性が良好な材料が要求され、真空脱ガス処理などによりCを0.0040%以下まで低減することが好ましい。特に、延性が良好な材質が必要な場合は、0.0015%以下まで低減すれば、特性を大幅に向上させることが可能である。
【0008】
Ti、NbはC含有量が数十ppmである極低炭素鋼において炭窒化物を形成し固溶C、Nを低減することで鋼板の深絞り性を格段に向上させるので深い絞り加工が必要な場合に必要に応じて一方または両方が添加される。しかし過剰な添加は加工性を劣化させるとともに再結晶温度を上昇させ焼鈍温度上昇の必要が生じエネルギーコスト的に不利となる。添加コストも考慮し0.002〜0.08%とする。
極低C化、およびTi、Nbなどの炭化物形成元素の添加は一般にフランジ成形など2次加工性が劣化する場合がある。このため必要に応じBを添加しても良い。
【0009】
本発明では熱間圧延時の温度条件が重要な要件である。熱延に供するスラブはインゴット法、連続鋳造法など製造法は限定されず、また熱延に至るまでの熱履歴にもよらないためスラブ再加熱法、鋳造したスラブを再加熱することなく直接熱延するCC−DR法、さらには粗圧延などを省略した薄スラブ鋳造によっても本発明の効果を得ることができる。
【0010】
本発明の効果を得るには熱延仕上げ圧延の出側温度が通常の圧延であるオーステナイト単相温度域より低温であるフェライト単相またはフェライト・オーステナト複相であることが必要である。通常は熱延中に板温は連続的に低下していると考えられるためAr変態点以下の温度となる。特に明確な効果を得るには変態温度の30℃以上低温域とすることが望ましい。下限は特に限定しないが、あまり低温になると熱延作業性に支障を来すため600℃以上とすることが望ましい。より好ましくは650℃以上である。
【0011】
また、本発明温度域内での圧下量も重要な要件で、発明の効果を得るにはこの温度域での最終1パスの圧下率を20%以下とすることが必要で、好ましくは15%以下、より好ましくは10%以下とする。
【0012】
仕上げ熱延終了後、水冷開始までの時間を2秒以上、好ましくは3秒以上とすることで、さらに捲取までの冷却を40℃/秒以下の速さで行うことにより発明の効果が顕著になる。
また熱延時に潤滑を施すことでも本発明の効果はより顕著となる。
【0013】
これらの熱延条件の制御により最終製品の絞り成形でのイヤリングが低減する理由は熱延板時点での集合組織および結晶粒径の変化が寄与しているものと思われる。詳細は明確ではないが熱延により加工されたフェライト相において、加えられた歪量との関連で熱延板時点で特別な集合組織の集積を助長し、これが特に高い圧下率で冷延された場合、焼鈍後にイヤリングを小さくするような集合組織を形成させるようである。また、熱延板結晶粒径については加工されたフェライト粒を再結晶させ、さらに粒成長を十分させること、即ち圧延組織が残存しないようにすることが製品板でのイヤリング低減に有利に働くようである。
【0014】
一般には高冷延圧下により{100}集合組織が強く発達するが、本発明による熱延板を高冷延圧下した場合には、上に述べたような本発明内での熱延板時点での集合組織および結晶粒径の状態が、冷延・焼鈍後の{100}近傍の集積を抑えるばかりでなく、これと逆の異方性をしめす{110}近傍の集合組織の発達を促進していると考えられる。潤滑や仕上げ圧延後の再結晶、粒成長を介して熱延板時点での好ましい組織の発達に寄与するものと予想される。
【0015】
また、本発明では熱延板時点で組織が再結晶していることが必要である。これは、本発明が対象としている高冷延率で製造される極薄容器材料においては熱延板で圧延組織が残存した場合には加工時に顕著な肌荒れが生じ製品の外観を害するばかりでなく、この肌荒れが割れ、しわなど欠陥発生の起点となるためである。
【0016】
熱延、酸洗後の冷間圧延工程における冷延圧下率は酸洗後、焼鈍前に行う一次冷延を70〜98%、焼鈍後に行う二次冷延を1〜70%とし、酸洗板から最終製品までの通算冷延率で92〜98%とする。これら冷延率配分は冷延能力、一次冷延後の焼鈍工程での通板性確保などとの兼ね合いで決定される。特に硬度調整や焼鈍時の板厚を厚く設定し焼鈍通板性を確保する目的で20%以上の高い二次冷延を施した硬質な鋼板においても、本発明法によればイヤリング発生を抑制する効果が得られる。
【0017】
一次冷延の後、焼鈍するがこの温度は再結晶温度以上、800℃以下とし、時間は3分以下とする。材料特性の均一性、加工性を確保するためには圧延組織を十分再結晶させることが必要であり、また焼鈍の通板性を考え800℃を上限とする。
【0018】
通常、本発明によって得られた鋼板は表面処理鋼板用の原板として使用されるが、表面処理により本発明の効果はなんら損なわれるものではない。缶用表面処理としては通常、錫、クロム(ティンフリー)などが施される。また、近年使用されるようになっている有機皮膜を貼ったラミネート鋼板用の原板としても発明の効果を損なうことなく使用できる。
【0019】
【実施例】
本発明の評価においては耳発生の程度を示す指標として、図1、下記 (1)式によって表されるイヤリング率を使用する。イヤリング率が大きいほど耳発生が顕著となる。なお、通常の2ピース缶用材料としては本式によるイヤリング率で約5%以下のものが使用されている。
イヤリング率=(hmax−hmin)/(缶壁平均高さ)…… (1)
表1に示す各成分の鋼について熱間圧延、冷間圧延、焼鈍し、鋼板を製造し、イヤリング率を測定した。表1の内、本発明成分範囲内であるa材について、熱延仕上げ温度及び最終パス圧下量がイヤリング率に及ぼす影響を図2に示す。
仕上げ温度をAr3 変態温度以下、最終パス圧下量25%以下の仕上げ圧延とすることで、また潤滑圧延、仕上げ圧延後の冷却条件を制御することでイヤリングが格段に小さくなることが確認できる。その他の鋼についての製造条件および材質を表2に示す。熱延は連続的に7パスで行い最終パスでの出側温度を示す。なお、一次冷延後に行う焼鈍時間は3分以下とした。表2から明らかなように本発明の範囲内で製造されたものは良好な特性が得られている。
【0020】
【表1】

Figure 0003609883
【0021】
【表2】
Figure 0003609883
【0022】
【発明の効果】
以上述べたごとく本発明によれば、製缶時の鋼板歩留り、生産性を改善できる絞りイヤリング発生が小さな極薄容器用鋼板を高い冷延率で製造することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】イヤリング率測定におけるカップ胴壁高さを示す。
【図2】熱延仕上げ温度とイヤリング率の関係を示す図。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing a steel sheet used for a container including a drawing process such as a beverage can represented by a two-piece can.
[0002]
[Prior art]
For beverage cans, food cans, etc., which are sealed containers by tightening the can lid around the opening of the integrated can body obtained by drawing and ironing, and when reducing the steel plate yield and ironing formability, etc. It is desired to suppress the occurrence of earrings. However, in recent years, with the aim of reducing the cost by reducing the materials used, reduction of the plate thickness (extremely thin) of the container material has been directed, and there is concern about an increase in earrings as will be described later.
[0003]
It is well known that earrings are generated due to anisotropy in the in-plane orientation of the plastic anisotropy (Rankford value) due to the texture of the steel plate. Various studies have been made to reduce the in-plane anisotropy. However, in the current container material, if the cold rolling reduction ratio is set high in order to achieve ultrathinning, the number of earrings increases. In this situation, a method of manufacturing a steel plate having a small earring is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 5-287445 and 6-306534. However, the conventional method is a technique in which the cold rolling reduction is about 80% to 90%, and is not particularly aimed at lowering the earring at a high cold rolling rate. For this reason, when the cold rolling rate is set high in order to achieve ultrathinning, the number of earrings increases, and the earrings made of ultrathin materials cannot be sufficiently satisfied.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention is intended to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, and particularly in an ultra-thin container material manufactured at a high cold rolling ratio of 92% or more, the earring at the time of drawing is significantly reduced. The manufacturing method of a steel plate is provided.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In particular, the inventors examined the relationship between the in-plane anisotropy of the Rankford value at 90% or more and the hot rolling conditions, and set the hot rolling finishing temperature below the normally applied austenite single phase region, and further finishing. It was found that the earrings were remarkably suppressed in the steel sheet with controlled rolling reduction in rolling. Furthermore, the present invention has been achieved by further study of lubrication during hot rolling, water cooling start time after finish rolling, and cooling rate.
[0006]
The gist of the present invention is to provide a method capable of producing a steel sheet for an ultrathin container having a high cold rolling ratio of 92% or more and having a small earring without significantly changing the components from a steel sheet normally used. To do. That is, the hot rolling finishing temperature is lower than the normal rolling temperature range, and if necessary, the lubrication conditions during hot rolling and the cooling conditions after finishing hot rolling are controlled, so that the earrings at the time of drawing the final product can be It is to reduce.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
First, components will be described. All components are in weight percent.
C is preferably lower in terms of wrinkle resistance at the time of diameter reduction in the manufacturing process of the container, flange formability, etc., and the upper limit is 0.1000%. In recent ultra-thin materials, a material with better ductility is required to ensure flange formability, and it is preferable to reduce C to 0.0040% or less by vacuum degassing treatment or the like. In particular, when a material having good ductility is required, the characteristics can be greatly improved by reducing the material to 0.0015% or less.
[0008]
Ti and Nb require deep drawing because the deep drawability of the steel sheet is significantly improved by forming carbonitrides and reducing solid solution C and N in ultra-low carbon steel with C content of several tens of ppm. In either case, one or both are added as necessary. However, excessive addition deteriorates workability and raises the recrystallization temperature, necessitating an increase in annealing temperature, which is disadvantageous in terms of energy cost. Taking the addition cost into consideration, the content is made 0.002 to 0.08%.
The ultra-low C and the addition of carbide forming elements such as Ti and Nb generally may deteriorate secondary workability such as flange forming. For this reason, B may be added as necessary.
[0009]
In the present invention, the temperature condition during hot rolling is an important requirement. The slab to be used for hot rolling is not limited in manufacturing methods such as ingot method and continuous casting method, and it does not depend on the heat history up to hot rolling, so it can be heated directly without reheating the cast slab. The effect of the present invention can also be obtained by a thin slab casting in which the CC-DR method is further omitted, and further rough rolling or the like is omitted.
[0010]
In order to obtain the effect of the present invention, it is necessary that the outlet temperature of the hot rolling finish rolling is a ferrite single phase or a ferrite austenate double phase which is lower than the austenite single phase temperature range of ordinary rolling. Usually, it is considered that the plate temperature continuously decreases during hot rolling, so the temperature is not higher than the Ar 3 transformation point. In order to obtain a particularly clear effect, it is desirable to set the transformation temperature to a low temperature range of 30 ° C. or higher. The lower limit is not particularly limited. However, if the temperature is too low, hot rolling workability is hindered. More preferably, it is 650 degreeC or more.
[0011]
Further, the amount of reduction within the temperature range of the present invention is also an important requirement, and in order to obtain the effect of the invention, the reduction rate of the final one pass in this temperature range needs to be 20% or less, preferably 15% or less. More preferably, it is 10% or less.
[0012]
After finishing hot rolling, the time until the start of water cooling is 2 seconds or more, preferably 3 seconds or more, and further cooling to scraping is performed at a rate of 40 ° C./second or less, so that the effect of the invention is remarkable. become.
Further, the effect of the present invention becomes more prominent by applying lubrication during hot rolling.
[0013]
The reason why the earrings in drawing of the final product are reduced by controlling these hot rolling conditions seems to be due to changes in texture and crystal grain size at the time of hot rolling. Although not clear in detail, in the ferrite phase processed by hot-rolling, it promotes the accumulation of a special texture at the time of hot-rolling in relation to the amount of applied strain, and this was cold-rolled at a particularly high reduction rate. In some cases, it seems to form a texture that makes the earrings smaller after annealing. As for the hot rolled sheet crystal grain size, recrystallized processed ferrite grains, and further sufficient grain growth, that is, to prevent the rolling structure from remaining, will favorably reduce the earrings on the product board. It is.
[0014]
In general, the {100} texture is strongly developed under high cold rolling, but when the hot rolled sheet according to the present invention is subjected to high cold rolling, at the time of hot rolling in the present invention as described above. The texture and crystal grain size of the steel not only suppress the accumulation in the vicinity of {100} after cold rolling and annealing, but also promote the development of the texture in the vicinity of {110} that exhibits the opposite anisotropy. It is thought that. It is expected to contribute to the development of a favorable structure at the time of hot rolling through lubrication, recrystallization after finish rolling, and grain growth.
[0015]
In the present invention, it is necessary that the structure is recrystallized at the time of hot rolling. This is because, in the ultra-thin container material manufactured at a high cold rolling rate, which is the subject of the present invention, when the rolled structure remains in the hot-rolled sheet, not only the rough skin is generated during processing but the appearance of the product is damaged. This is because the rough skin becomes a starting point for occurrence of defects such as cracks and wrinkles.
[0016]
The cold rolling reduction ratio in the cold rolling step after hot rolling and pickling is 70 to 98% for primary cold rolling performed after pickling and before annealing, and 1 to 70% for secondary cold rolling performed after annealing, and pickling. The total cold rolling rate from the plate to the final product is 92 to 98%. These cold-rolling rate distributions are determined in consideration of cold-rolling capacity and securing the sheet passability in the annealing process after the primary cold rolling. In particular, the method of the present invention suppresses the occurrence of earrings even on hard steel sheets that have been subjected to high secondary cold rolling of 20% or more for the purpose of ensuring hardness adjustment and thickening during annealing and ensuring annealing plateability. Effect is obtained.
[0017]
After the primary cold rolling, annealing is performed, but this temperature is set to the recrystallization temperature or more and 800 ° C. or less, and the time is set to 3 minutes or less. In order to ensure the uniformity of material properties and workability, it is necessary to sufficiently recrystallize the rolled structure, and the upper limit is set to 800 ° C. in consideration of the plate passing property of annealing.
[0018]
Normally, the steel sheet obtained by the present invention is used as a raw sheet for a surface-treated steel sheet, but the effect of the present invention is not impaired by the surface treatment. As the surface treatment for cans, tin, chromium (tin-free), etc. are usually applied. Moreover, it can be used without impairing the effects of the present invention as an original sheet for laminated steel sheets to which an organic film has come to be used in recent years.
[0019]
【Example】
In the evaluation of the present invention, an earring rate represented by the following equation (1) is used as an index indicating the degree of ear generation in FIG. Ear generation becomes more prominent as the earring rate increases. In addition, as a normal two-piece can material, a material having an earring rate of about 5% or less is used.
Earring rate = (hmax-hmin) / (can wall average height) ...... (1)
The steel of each component shown in Table 1 was hot-rolled, cold-rolled and annealed to produce a steel plate, and the earring rate was measured. FIG. 2 shows the effects of the hot rolling finishing temperature and the final pass reduction amount on the earring rate for the material a within the component range of the present invention in Table 1.
It can be confirmed that the earrings are remarkably reduced by controlling the cooling conditions after the finishing rolling with the finishing temperature of the Ar 3 transformation temperature or less and the final pass reduction of 25% or less, and the lubrication rolling and finishing rolling. Table 2 shows manufacturing conditions and materials for other steels. Hot rolling is performed continuously in 7 passes and indicates the outlet temperature in the final pass. The annealing time after the primary cold rolling was set to 3 minutes or less. As is apparent from Table 2, good characteristics were obtained for those manufactured within the scope of the present invention.
[0020]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003609883
[0021]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003609883
[0022]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to produce a steel sheet for an ultrathin container with a small squeeze earring generation that can improve the yield and productivity of a steel sheet at the time of can making at a high cold rolling rate.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows a cup shell wall height in earring rate measurement.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between hot rolling finishing temperature and earring rate.

Claims (5)

質量%でC:0.1%以下、残部Fe及び不可避的不純物からなる容器用材料鋼片を熱間圧延する際の最終仕上げ圧延を、フェライト単相またはフェライトオーステナイトの混相となるような温度域で行い、かつこの温度域での最終1パスの圧下率が20%以下となるように熱間圧延し、熱延板に圧延組織が残存しないように再結晶させた熱延板を得、酸洗した後、冷延圧下率70〜98%で冷間圧延し、再結晶温度以上、800℃以下で3分以下の焼鈍を行い、その後さらに、冷延圧下率1〜70%でかつ酸洗板から最終製品までの通算冷延圧下率が92〜98%となるように再冷延を行うことを特徴とする絞り成形時のイヤリングが著しく小さい容器用鋼板の製造方法。C in mass%: 0.1% or less, the final finish rolling during hot rolling the container material steel strip and the balance Fe and unavoidable impurities, such that the mixed phase of ferrite single phase or ferrite austenite Temperature And hot rolling so that the rolling reduction of the final one pass in this temperature range is 20% or less, to obtain a hot rolled sheet recrystallized so that no rolled structure remains in the hot rolled sheet, After pickling, it is cold-rolled at a cold rolling reduction of 70 to 98%, annealed at a recrystallization temperature of 800 ° C. or less for 3 minutes or less, and then further subjected to a cold rolling reduction of 1 to 70% and an acid. A method for producing a steel plate for a container having a remarkably small earring at the time of drawing, characterized in that re-rolling is performed so that the total cold rolling reduction ratio from the washing plate to the final product is 92 to 98%. 前記容器用材料鋼片が、さらにTi、Nbの少なくとも一方を、各元素について0.002〜0.080質量%含有することを特徴とする請求項1記載の絞り成形時のイヤリングが著しく小さい容器用鋼板の製造方法。The container according to claim 1, wherein the container steel piece further contains at least one of Ti and Nb in an amount of 0.002 to 0.080 mass% for each element. Steel plate manufacturing method. 仕上げ熱延終了後、水冷開始までの時間が2秒以上であることを特徴とする請求項1または2記載の絞り成形時のイヤリングが著しく小さい容器用鋼板の製造方法。3. The method for producing a steel plate for a container according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the time from completion of finish hot rolling to the start of water cooling is 2 seconds or more. 仕上げ熱延終了後、捲取までの冷却を40℃/秒以下の速さで行うことを特徴とする請求項1〜3の何れかに記載の絞り成形時のイヤリングが著しく小さい容器用鋼板の製造方法。4. The steel plate for a container having a remarkably small earring at the time of drawing according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein after completion of the finish hot rolling, cooling until scraping is performed at a rate of 40 ° C / second or less. Production method. フェライト単相またはフェライトオーステナイトの混相域での熱延において潤滑を施しつつ圧延を行うことを特徴とする請求項1〜4の何れかに記載の絞り成形時のイヤリングが著しく小さい容器用鋼板の製造方法。Of much smaller vessels for steel drawing upon the earring according to claim 1-4, characterized in that is rolling while performing lubrication in hot rolling in the mixed phase region of ferrite single phase or ferrite austenite Production method.
JP28626195A 1995-11-02 1995-11-02 Method for producing steel plate for containers with extremely small earrings during drawing Expired - Fee Related JP3609883B2 (en)

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