JP3608729B2 - Waste treatment method and waste treatment facility - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a waste processing method for fermenting and decomposing waste such as garbage to compost or reducing or eliminating the volume, and to a waste processing facility suitable for implementing the method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Various methods for fermenting and decomposing waste such as garbage to compost or reducing or eliminating the volume have been proposed, but conventional methods compost waste such as garbage using equipment dedicated to composting. Waste or other waste such as garbage was reduced or eliminated using a facility dedicated to volume reduction or elimination. However, when composting waste such as garbage generated in large quantities per day, there must be a demand background in which the entire amount of processed compost produced is finally consumed as compost. In most cases, this condition could not be satisfied, so the composting process was given up and the volume was reduced or eliminated, and the original purpose of effective resource reuse could not be achieved. Of course, only the required amount of waste such as garbage generated in a large amount per day is composted using a dedicated composting facility, and the remaining waste such as garbage is dedicated to volume reduction or extinction processing. Although it is conceivable to reduce or eliminate the volume using this equipment, the equipment cost is high and it is not practical. Also, in the case of composting, there are periods when demand for compost increases and when it is not, and it is difficult to operate the composting equipment efficiently.
[0003]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The object of the present invention is to provide a waste treatment method that can solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, and the features of the method are shown with reference numerals of embodiments to be described later. , Material to be treated consisting of waste and auxiliary materials for C / N ratio adjustment, moisture adjustment, air permeability improvement, etc. Agitator 3 and agitated Workpiece In a waste treatment facility using an automatic warehouse 14 for storing the pallets PA to PC for fermentation decomposition and a turn-back device 20 for turning back the objects to be processed in the pallets PA to PC. For each pallet PA to PC stored in the warehouse 14, the storage location, whether the composting process is to be reduced or eliminated, and the date of receipt are recorded, and each of the composting process and the reduced or eliminated process is recorded. It is set in advance how many times it is turned over every day to complete the fermentation decomposition treatment, and the palettes PA to PC and fermentation decomposition treatment corresponding to the turnover processing date based on the recorded receipt date The presence / absence of the pallets PA to PC corresponding to the completion date is determined, and the objects to be processed in the pallets PA to PC corresponding to the reversal processing date are delivered to the reversing device 20. After the cut-back process is performed, the goods are re-stocked, and the processed product in the pallet PA to PC corresponding to the date of completion of the fermentation decomposition process is delivered as a composted processed product when it is composted (pallet PA). And if it is for volume reduction or extinction (pallet PB or PC) Workpiece It returns to the said stirring apparatus 3 as an auxiliary material mixed with.
[0004]
In carrying out the above-described method of the present invention, the turn-over process can be performed immediately before the output as a compost processed product and the return to the stirring device 3 as an auxiliary material. In addition, when leaving as a compost processed product, the processed product can be delivered after passing through the foreign matter removing device 29 to remove the foreign matter. Furthermore, also when returning to the stirring apparatus 3 as an auxiliary material, after passing a processed material through the foreign material removal apparatus 29 and removing a foreign material, it can return to the stirring apparatus 3.
[0005]
The present invention also proposes a waste treatment facility suitable for carrying out the method of the present invention. The feature of the present invention is that Material to be treated consisting of waste and auxiliary materials for C / N ratio adjustment, moisture adjustment, air permeability improvement, etc. A plurality of hoppers 1A to 1E, which are divided and stored, a stirrer 3, and the hoppers 1A to 1E Workpiece The required amount is taken out and supplied to the stirring device 3, and the stirring device 3 is used for stirring. Workpiece A pallet P in which Workpiece Between the automatic warehouse 14 provided with the shelf 16 and the loading / unloading device 17 in which the actual pallets PA and PB in which the pallets are stored are stored for fermentative decomposition treatment of waste etc. A turn-back device 20 for returning the processed object in the pallet capable of receiving and unloading the PC, and a return means for returning the processed product in the pallet PB discharged from the automatic warehouse 14 or the processed material in the PC to the stirring device 3 as a subsidiary material. 30 and a compost processing material transport means 35 for transporting the processing material in the actual pallet PA delivered from the automatic warehouse 14 as compost processing material.
[0006]
Regarding the implementation of the facility of the present invention, the hoppers 1A to 1E may be configured to separately accommodate composting waste and volume reduction / disappearance waste, or composting auxiliary materials and The auxiliary material for volume reduction or disappearance can be configured to be stored separately.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
A preferred embodiment of the waste treatment facility of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. 1 to FIG. 3. In FIG. 1, 1A to 1E are hoppers, and collected wastes, sub-materials, etc. Each type is housed separately, and each is supported via a weight detection sensor 2 such as a load cell. 3 is a stirring device for mixing waste and the like, which includes a stirring means such as a rotationally driven stirring blade, a water supply means 4 such as a sprinkling pipe for replenishing insufficient moisture, and a moisture sensor 5. It is supported via a weight detection sensor 6. Among the hoppers 1A to 1E, the secondary material storage hoppers 1D and 1E having a small specific gravity and a large amount of use are disposed directly above the stirring device 3 so that the contents can be directly supplied to the stirring device 3. Yes.
[0008]
Reference numeral 7 denotes a supply device, which is a delivery unit 8 provided at the discharge port of each of the hoppers 1A to 1E, a transport container 9 for storing waste, etc., and a waste that cannot supply the stored material directly to the stirring device 3 The container 9 can be stopped at the receiving positions 1a to 1c for the storage hoppers 1A to 1C and the discharging position 3a for waste to the stirring device 3, and the container circulating conveyor having the container storage area 10 is provided. 11 and a transfer means 12 for transferring waste in the container 9 stopped at the waste discharge position 3a to the stirring device 3. In addition, although the container circulation conveyor 11 has a circulation path on a horizontal plane, the figure schematically shows this. The transfer means 12 grips the container 9 stopped at the waste discharge position 3a with the gripping means 12a and rises, reverses the container 9 at the ascending limit, and stores the stored waste etc. in the stirring device 3 , The empty container 9 is returned to the original waste discharge position 3a. However, other different configurations may be used depending on the relative positional relationship between the waste discharge position 3a and the agitator 3. Transfer means may be used.
[0009]
The object to be processed mixed by the stirring device 3 is filled into an empty pallet P supported by the storage pallet support portion 15 of the automatic warehouse 14 shown in FIG. The automatic warehouse 14 is generally known as a warehouse facility. The automatic warehouse 14 includes a shelf 16 having a three-dimensional pallet support portion 16 a that supports the pallet P, and a loading / unloading device 17 that can travel along the shelf 16. The loading / unloading device 17 includes a pallet transfer means 19 such as a running fork on a carriage 18 that can be moved up and down.
[0010]
In the automatic warehouse 14, in addition to the storage pallet support unit 15, as shown in FIG. 3, a turning-back device 20, a re-entry pallet support unit 21, and a temporary placement pallet support unit 22 are provided. ing. The turn-back device 20, the re-entry pallet support portion 21, and the temporary placement pallet support portion 22 transfer the pallet P to and from the carriage 18 using the pallet transfer means 19 of the storage / removal device 17. As can be obtained, a part of the shelf 16 or the like is used to be disposed on one end side portion of the traveling route of the loading / unloading device 17. The temporary pallet support portion 22 is provided at a position near the re-entry pallet support portion 21, and for example, the shelves 16 are arranged in parallel on the left and right sides of the travel route of the storage / removal device 17. In the case of a general configuration, the re-entry pallet support portion 21 and the temporary placement pallet support portion 22 can be distributed and arranged at the same level on both the left and right sides of the travel route of the storage / removal device 17. Further, a property inspection sensor (for example, a temperature sensor, a moisture sensor, or both) 23a that can be inserted into and removed from the workpiece in the supported pallet P is supported on the temporary pallet support portion 22 and supported. A weight detection sensor 23b such as a load cell for detecting the total weight of the pallet P is also provided. A cylinder unit 24 drives the inspection sensor 23a up and down.
[0011]
The reversing device 20 includes a pallet reversing means 25 for discharging the workpiece by holding the pallet P delivered by the loading / unloading device 17 and reversing it approximately 180 degrees, and a workpiece hopper for receiving the discharged workpiece. 26, and the pallet P that has been emptied by discharging the object to be processed can be transferred to the re-entry pallet support portion 21 by the loading / unloading device 17. In the workpiece hopper 26, a return path 27a for filling the empty pallet P supported by the re-entry pallet support portion 21 and a carry-out path for sending it to the conveying means 28 are discharged from the hopper 26. Conveying direction switching means 27 comprising a belt conveyor that can alternatively select 27b by switching the rotation direction is provided. The workpiece hopper 26 is provided with a stirring means 26a for enhancing the effect of turning the workpiece.
[0012]
A foreign substance removing device 29 is connected to the conveying means 28 via a conveying direction switching means 31. The transport direction switching means 31 is the same as the transport direction switching means 27, and rotates a path 31a for transporting the workpiece to the foreign substance removing device 29 and a path 31b for transporting to the workpiece return transport means 30. It consists of a belt conveyor that can be selected alternatively by changing the direction. The foreign matter removing device 29 is configured such that a cylindrical sieve 32 that allows a processed product having a predetermined particle size or less to pass through is obliquely supported in a casing so as to be rotationally driven. The compost processed product is carried out by the conveying means 35 using the shipping pallet 33 filled with the compost processed product, and the screened foreign matter is collected by the foreign material carrying pallet 34 and carried out. Of course, it is also possible not to fill the pallet with processed compost or sieved foreign matter, but to convey it directly to an appropriate place such as a bagging device or a final inspection device for processed compost by a belt conveyor or the like. I can do it.
[0013]
Although the thing of the structure which sifts a processed material according to a particle size was used as the foreign material removal apparatus 29, what is necessary is just to employ | adopt the thing according to the property of the foreign material to classify | select. Moreover, the foreign material removal apparatus which combined the some foreign material removal means comprised for every property of the foreign material to sort in series may be sufficient. In any case, since it is preferable that the products shipped as compost processed products have a uniform particle size, it is considered essential to have a configuration in which the processed products are screened according to the particle size as used in the above embodiment. It is done. Thus, when foreign matters such as metal pieces and plastic bags are removed at an appropriate stage before waste etc. are supplied to the agitator 3, or in relation to the generation source, such as metal pieces and plastic bags. When handling wastes that do not require removal of foreign matter, the foreign matter removed by the foreign matter removing device 29 is treated with an object having a particle size of a certain level or more, for example, a wood chip with a large particle size mixed for improving air permeability. Therefore, in this case, as shown by phantom lines in FIG. 3, the foreign matter removed by the foreign matter removing device 29 is transferred to the stirring device 3 via the processed product return transport means 36 and the processed product return transport means 30. It can be returned and reused as part of secondary materials.
[0014]
When using the waste treatment equipment configured as described above, composting and volume reduction or elimination processing of garbage collected regularly and in large quantities, and volume reduction or elimination processing of sludge not suitable for composting As for general garbage, its C / N ratio is as low as 10-20 (excessive nitrogen), moisture is as high as 80-95%, and air permeability is poor. In view of the environment for the good growth of microorganisms for this purpose, it is necessary to increase the C / N ratio to about 25 to 40 (addition of carbon content), reduce moisture, and improve air permeability. Therefore, rice husks having a high C / N ratio of 70 to 80, excellent air permeability, inexpensive and easy to obtain, and a relatively short time to complete ripening are added as main auxiliary materials for composting garbage. . In the treatment of sludge, the same auxiliary materials are necessary to promote the fermentation decomposition of the sludge well. However, for this sludge treatment, wood chips (sawdust, Sawdust, shredded pruned branches, cut grass, etc.) are added as the main auxiliary material. In addition, for both raw garbage treatment and sludge treatment, as a nutrient replenishment for microorganisms, it is added as a secondary material to which rice bran containing proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals is inexpensive and easily available.
[0015]
Thus, as shown in FIG. 1, a large amount and periodically collected garbage is stored in the hopper 1A, and similarly, a large amount and periodically collected sludge is stored in the hopper 1B. In addition, rice bran having a large specific gravity and a small addition amount among the auxiliary materials is stored in the hopper 1C, and rice husk and wood chips having a small specific gravity and a large addition amount can be directly supplied to the agitator 3. , 1E and store. Furthermore, the addition ratio of each auxiliary material may be determined so that the C / N ratio of the mixed object to be processed is adjusted to about 25 to 40 and the moisture is adjusted to about 50 to 60%. For composting of raw garbage, 50 kg of rice bran and 1 m of rice husk are used for 250 kg of raw garbage. ³ For the volume reduction or extinction treatment of raw garbage, 50 kg of rice bran and 1 m of wood chips are used for 250 kg of raw garbage. ³ Can be added at a ratio of For sludge volume reduction or extinction treatment, the wood chip is 1m per 200kg of sludge. ³ Can be added at a ratio of The volume of the rice husk and wood chip is shown by volume, but the specific gravity differs depending on the material actually used and its dryness. ³ Measure a considerable weight.
[0016]
The pallet P used in the automatic warehouse 14 has a volume of 1.3 m, for example. ³ A box-type pallet with a degree of air permeability and water absorption on the bottom and side surfaces of a box-type pallet for storing and storing a rigid load made of metal wire. Cloth or non-woven fabric) or panel or board (made of open-cell porous material, etc.) is desirable, but if slight leakage of the workpiece is allowed, the hole diameter is up to 2 to 3 mm. A fine net-like sheet may be affixed to the bottom and side surfaces of the inside of the box-type pallet for storing and storing goods. However, even when such a net-like sheet is used, it is desirable to attach a breathable and water-absorbing sheet or panel or board as described above to the bottom surface inside the box-type pallet. .
[0017]
The container 9 used in the supply device 7 is a container having a smaller volume than the pallet P used in the automatic warehouse 14 and having no water leakage. In this embodiment, 250 kg of raw garbage and 50 kg of rice bran or sludge are used. It is of a size that can accommodate 200 kg and rice bran 50 kg. A required number of such containers 9 are stored in the container storage area 10 of the container circulation conveyor 11 of the supply device 7.
[0018]
When composting raw garbage stored in the hopper 1A, the container circulation conveyor 11 shown in FIG. 1 is operated, and one container 9 waiting in the container storage area 10 is put into the raw garbage storage hopper. It is transported to the receiving position 1a for 1A and stopped. In this state, 250 kg of garbage is sent from the garbage storage hopper 1 </ b> A to the container 9. Next, the container 9 that has received 250 kg of raw garbage is conveyed to the receiving position 1c for the rice bran storage hopper 1C by the container circulation conveyance conveyor 11 and stopped. The container 9 that has received 250 kg of raw garbage and 50 kg of rice bran is then transported to the waste discharge position 3 a by the container circulation conveyor 11 and stopped, and 250 kg of raw garbage in the container 9 and the rice bran are transferred by the transfer means 12. Transfer 50 kg to the stirring device 3. The container 9 which has been emptied and has been returned to the waste delivery position 3a of the container circulation / conveyor 11 is returned to the container storage area 10 by the container circulation / conveyor 11 and waits at the end.
[0019]
On the other hand, the stirring device 3 has 1m of rice husk from the rice husk storage hopper 1D above it. ³ By feeding the material corresponding to the weight by the feeding means 8, the supply of the material for one pallet to the stirring device 3 is completed. The delivery amount from each hopper 1A, 1B, 1D can be detected based on the change in the total weight detected by the weight detection sensor 2 provided in each hopper, and after opening the feeding means 8, the hopper When the total detected weight becomes a minus value by a predetermined delivery amount, the feeding means 8 may be closed.
[0020]
When reducing or extinguishing the garbage, as a pallet, 250 kg of garbage and 50 kg of rice bran are supplied to the stirring device 3 in the same manner as the composting process, and the wood chip storage hopper 1E 1m tip ³ A considerable weight is supplied to the stirring device 3. When sludge is reduced or eliminated, 200 kg of sludge is supplied to the stirring device 3 together with 50 kg of rice bran instead of 250 kg of garbage as one pallet, and 1 m of wood chips is added to the wood chip storage hopper 1E. ³ A considerable weight is supplied to the stirring device 3.
[0021]
In any case, when waste or the like for one pallet is supplied to the stirring device 3 as described above, the stirring means inside the stirring device 3 is operated, and the contents are sufficiently stirred, The total volume is approximately 1 to 1.3 m, which is appropriately smaller than the volume of the pallet P. ³ Reduce to a degree. In other words, the total amount of waste or the like for one pallet supplied to the stirring device 3 is determined so as to be accommodated in one pallet P after stirring, and is based on a mixing ratio determined in advance within the range of the total amount. The supply amount of each waste can be determined. In the stirrer 3, the moisture sensor 5 detects the water content of the mixed object to be processed. When the water content is lower than 50 to 60%, the required amount of water is sprinkled or sprayed into the stirrer 3 from the water supply means 4. Further, the water content can be adjusted by stirring. At this time, the moisture detection by the moisture sensor 5 is performed only when the waste to be used is different, and thereafter the moisture can be adjusted by always supplying the same amount of water. Of course, if the C / N ratio, air permeability, and nutrient content of the mixed processed material can be maintained within the preferred ranges, the mixed processed material can be adjusted by adjusting the amount of auxiliary materials such as rice husk, wood chips, and rice bran. The amount of water can be adjusted.
[0022]
On the other hand, the empty pallet P supported by the pallet support part 16a in the shelf 16 is unloaded and set by the warehousing device 17 in the pallet support part 15 for warehousing of the automatic warehouse 14. In addition, the carrying-in method of the empty pallet with respect to the pallet support part 15 for warehousing is not specifically limited. Thus, the pallet to be processed mixed and adjusted in the stirring device 3 as described above is carried out by the transport means 13 and supported by the pallet support part 15 for warehousing in the automatic warehouse 14 as shown in FIG. The filled empty pallet P is filled. Hereinafter, a pallet filled with garbage for composting treatment is indicated as PA, a pallet filled with raw garbage reduction or extinguishing treatment is indicated as PB, and sludge reduction Although the pallet filled with the processing object for annihilation processing is displayed as PC, the actual pallets PA to PC of the pallet support unit 15 for warehousing are loaded into the empty pallet support unit 16a in the shelf 16 by the loading / unloading device 17. The If the inside of the stirring device 3 is emptied, it is possible to start adjustment of the object to be processed for the next one pallet (supplying and mixing of waste etc.).
[0023]
By repeating the above operations, the actual pallets PA to PC filled with the workpieces are sequentially stored and stored in the pallet support portions 16a of the shelf 16, but all the pallet support portions 16a of the shelf 16 have A fixed address is assigned, and its use status is automatically managed by a computer-based management system. An empty address list in which unused pallet support parts 16a are listed, and a storage position of empty pallets P are listed. Empty pallet address list, actual pallet address list for garbage composting that lists the storage position of the actual pallet PA filled with the garbage composting object, garbage reduction / elimination treatment The storage location of the actual pallet PB filled with the processed material is listed. DOO, and storage position of the real pallets PC to compacting or extinction process for the treatment of sludge is filled listed sludge volume reduction or disappearance processing real pallet address list and the like is automatically created. In each actual pallet address list, for each address, the date of warehousing, the amount used for each material such as waste and sub-materials, turnover history, and the inspection date and inspection results when inspecting the object to be processed are shown. It is recorded.
[0024]
Accordingly, the unloading operation of the empty pallet P to be carried into the pallet receiving pallet support unit 15 performed by the warehousing / unloading device 17, the warehousing operation of the actual pallet PA or PB from the pallet supporting pallet support unit 15 to the empty pallet support unit 16a, etc. Is performed by automatically operating the loading / unloading device 17 based on the empty pallet address list and the empty address list.
[0025]
In each of the actual pallets PA to PC stored and stored in the shelf 16, the material to be treated is naturally fermented and decomposed, but when the fermentation decomposition proceeds to some extent, it is turned over (stirred). It is necessary to improve the fermentation and decomposition environment in the actual pallet PA to PC, such as loosening the object that has been consolidated by gravity and taking in enough air inside, but here the rice husk is used as a secondary material At the time of composting, the waste is programmed to be cut out 4 times every 7 days and shipped on the 35th day. It is programmed to turn once in the eyes and return to the stirring device 3 on the 14th day, and when the sludge volume is reduced or eliminated using the wood chip as a secondary material, it is turned back twice every 7 days. To the stirring device 3 on the day It is programmed to Suyo. The number of days set in this program is an example, and the number of processing days differs depending on the materials used such as waste and auxiliary materials, the capacity of the pallet P, the ambient temperature in the automatic warehouse 14, humidity, air permeability, etc. It is not something. Specifically, the number of processing days and the like may be set based on the result of the test operation using the actual equipment installed.
[0026]
Hereinafter, based on the flowcharts of FIGS. 4 to 7, a switching work program, a shipping work program, and a processing residue returning work program for volume reduction or elimination processing that are automatically executed every day will be described. Each of these programs is executed after the completion of the new warehousing work described above, before the new warehousing work, or by interrupting the new warehousing work. Note that during steady operation, the inspection is not performed by the processing object property inspection sensor 23a or the weight detection sensor 23b provided in the temporary placement pallet support section 22.
[0027]
When the switching work program is started, the switching corresponding to the seventh day, the 14th day, the 21st day, and the 28th day from the warehousing date in all the actual pallets PA to PC as shown in the flowchart of FIG. Whether or not there is a target, whether or not there is an actual pallet address list for garbage composting (all turnover processing dates are searched), an actual pallet address list for garbage reduction or extinction processing (only the seventh day is searched) Target) and the actual pallet address list for sludge volume reduction / disappearance processing (only the 14th day is the search target) (S1), and if there is a corresponding actual pallet, the corresponding actual pallet PA or PB or PC Is delivered to the switching device 20 by the loading / unloading device 17 (S2). In this case, when there are a plurality of corresponding actual pallets PA to PC to be turned back, the highest priority is selected based on a preset priority order, and the goods are delivered. The actual pallets PA to PC delivered to the reversing device 20 are held by the pallet reversing means 25.
[0028]
Next, after the transfer direction of the transfer direction switching means 27 from the switching device 20 is switched to the return path 27a side (S3), the switching device 20 and the transfer direction switching means 27 are automatically operated for one pallet (S4). As a result, the actual pallets PA to PC held by the pallet reversing means 25 are reversed by 180 degrees, and the object to be processed is discharged into the object hopper 26 just below, and is turned over. The empty pallet P is returned to the original posture by the pallet reversing means 25. The object to be processed discharged into the object to be processed hopper 26 is refilled into the empty pallet P set in advance in the pallet support part 21 for re-entry via the conveyance direction switching means 27 from the inside of the hopper 26. Is done. If the automatic operation for one pallet is completed (S5), that is, if all the objects to be processed discharged into the object to be processed hopper 26 have been filled into the empty pallet P, the re-entry pallet support unit 21 actual pallets PA to PC are transferred to the temporary pallet support portion 22 by the loading / unloading device 17 (S6).
[0029]
The time when the automatic operation for one pallet is completed is set to be slightly longer than the expected time required for filling the empty pallet P with all of the processed material discharged into the processed material hopper 26, for example. This can be determined by elapse of the set time or when the workpiece discharged from the workpiece hopper 26 is no longer detected by the sensor. At this time, the conveyance direction switching means 27 is also stopped, and the stirring means 26a in the hopper 26 is also stopped. The pallet reversing means 25 has already returned to the home position.
[0030]
The loading / unloading device 17 that has transferred the actual pallets PA to PC of the re-entry pallet support portion 21 to the temporary placement pallet support portion 22, after discharge of the workpieces supported by the pallet reversing means 25 of the turn-back device 20. The empty pallet P is moved to the empty re-entry pallet support portion 21 (S7), and is prepared for the next turnover operation. Subsequently, the loading / unloading device 17 returns the actual pallet PA or PB after the work piece has been turned over to the temporary pallet support portion 22 to which the actual pallets PA to PC are delivered for turning over. 16a or re-entry into the empty pallet supporter 16a of the shelf 16 retrieved from the empty address list (S8). Thereafter, whether or not there is an actual pallet PA, PB, or PC to be turned next (the actual pallets PA to PC that have not yet been turned over among the actual pallets PA to PC searched in step S1) (S9) is checked, and if there is, the process returns to Step S2 to start the switching operation of the actual pallet PA or PB or PC to be switched. If there is not, the reversing operation for all the actual pallets PA to PC to be reverted on that day is completed.
[0031]
Next, when the composting processed product shipment work program is executed, as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 5, the actual pallet PA to be shipped corresponding to the 35th day from the warehousing date is the actual pallet address for garbage composting. Searching based on the list (S10), if there is a corresponding actual pallet PA, the actual pallet PA is delivered to the turn-back device 20 by the loading / unloading device 17 (S11). In this case, when there are a plurality of corresponding actual pallets PA to be shipped, the highest priority one is selected based on a preset priority order and is delivered. The actual pallet PA delivered to the reversing device 20 is held by the pallet reversing means 25.
[0032]
Next, after the transfer direction of the transfer direction switching means 27 is switched to the carry-out path 27b side (S12), the turn-back device 20, the transfer direction switching means 27, the transfer means 28, and the foreign matter removing apparatus 29 are automatically operated for one pallet. (S13). As a result, the actual pallet PA held by the pallet reversing means 25 is reversed by 180 degrees, and the object to be processed is discharged into the object hopper 26 just below, and is turned over. The empty pallet P is returned to the original posture by the pallet reversing means 25. The compost processed product discharged into the workpiece hopper 26 is sent from the hopper 26 to the foreign matter removing device 29 via the transport direction switching means 27 and the transport means 28. Then, only a processed product having a predetermined particle size or less is screened by the cylindrical sieve 32 of the foreign substance removing device 29, collected as a compost processed product by the shipping pallet 33, and transported and shipped by the transport means 35. The remaining foreign matter of a certain particle size or more is collected and carried out by the foreign matter carry-out pallet 34.
[0033]
Note that the time when the automatic operation for one pallet in step S13 is completed is, for example, the estimated time required until the entire compost processing product in the processing object hopper 26 is sent to the conveying means 28 on the turn-back device 20 side. The foreign matter removing device 29 determines that the set time has been set to be slightly longer, or the workpiece discharged from the workpiece hopper 26 is no longer detected by the sensor. To be determined by the passage of a set time that is set slightly longer than the expected time required for sieving the total amount of compost processed material for the pallet, or when the object to be processed discharged from the foreign matter removing device 29 is no longer detected by the sensor. I can do it. Therefore, when the automatic operation for one pallet on the turn-back device 20 side is completed, the conveyance direction switching means 27 stops and the stirring means 26a in the hopper 26 also stops. The pallet reversing means 25 has already returned to the home position. Further, when the automatic operation for one pallet on the foreign matter removing device 29 side is completed, the transport means 28, the transport direction switching means 31, and the foreign matter removing device 29 are stopped.
[0034]
When the automatic operation for one pallet in step S13 is completed (S14), the empty pallet P after shipment supported by the pallet reversing means 25 of the turning-back device 20 is transferred to the original pallet support part 16a or The goods are stored in the empty pallet support part 16a of the shelf 16 retrieved from the empty address list (S15). Thereafter, it is checked whether or not there is an actual pallet PA to be shipped next (whether or not there is an actual pallet P that has not yet been shipped out of the actual pallets PA to be shipped retrieved in step S10). (S16) If yes, the process returns to step S11 to start shipping the actual pallet PA to be shipped. If not, the shipping operation for all the actual pallets PA to be shipped on that day is completed. The compost processed products shipped in this way were added to adjust the materials such as waste used, especially the C / N ratio, moisture, air permeability, nutrients, etc. until actually used as compost. Depending on the secondary material, it will be stored in appropriate equipment for an appropriate period until it is fully matured. Note that the information on the actual pallet PA shipped by executing the above-described shipping operation program is deleted from the actual pallet composting actual pallet address list and added to the empty pallet address list.
[0035]
Next, when the processing residue return work program for volume reduction or elimination processing is executed, as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 6, the processing residue return target corresponding to the 14th day from the warehousing date in the actual pallet PB. The actual pallet and the actual pallet for processing residue return corresponding to the 21st day from the warehousing date in the actual pallet PC are the actual pallet address list for garbage reduction or annihilation processing and sludge reduction or erasure processing Search is made based on the actual pallet address list (S17), and if there is a corresponding actual pallet PB or PC, the actual pallet PB or PC is delivered to the turn-back device 20 by the loading / unloading device 17 (S18). In the actual pallet PB or PC that is delivered under such conditions, all or most of the raw garbage or sludge, which is at least the main waste, is subjected to fermentation after a predetermined number of fermentation decomposition treatment days. This is a state that has disappeared due to decomposition, and is a state where processing residues such as unfermented and decomposed secondary materials remain in the pallet. If there are a plurality of corresponding actual pallets PB or PC to be shipped, the one with the highest priority is selected based on a preset priority order. The actual pallet PB or PC delivered to the turn-back device 20 is held by the pallet reversing means 25.
[0036]
Next, the transport direction of the transport direction switching means 27 is switched to the unloading path 27b side (S19) and the transport direction of the transport direction switching means 31 is switched to the return path 31b side (S20), and then the stirring device 3 is in an empty state. (S21). When the stirring device 3 is not empty due to a new warehousing operation or the like, it is kept waiting until the stirring device 3 is empty. When the stirring device 3 is empty, the turn-back device 20 Then, the conveyance direction switching means 27, 31 and the conveyance means 28, 30 are automatically operated for one pallet (S22). As a result, the actual pallet PB or PC held by the pallet reversing means 25 is reversed by 180 degrees, and the stored processing residue is discharged into the workpiece hopper 26 directly below, and is turned over. The empty pallet P is returned to the original posture by the pallet reversing means 25. The processing residue discharged into the workpiece hopper 26 is sent from the hopper 26 to the stirring device 3 via the transport direction switching means 27, the transport means 28, the transport direction switching means 31, and the transport means 30.
[0037]
Note that the time when the automatic operation for one pallet in step S22 is completed is, for example, the expected time required for all of the compost processing material in the processing object hopper 26 to reach the stirring device 3 on the turn-back device 20 side. This can be determined by the elapse of a set time set slightly longer, or by the fact that the object to be conveyed is no longer detected by the sensor at the exit of the conveying means 30. When the automatic operation for one pallet in step S22 is completed (S23), the transport direction switching means 27, the transport means 28, the transport direction switching means 31, and the transport means 30 are stopped, and the stirring means in the hopper 26 is stopped. 26a also stops. Since the pallet reversing means 25 of the reversing device 20 has already returned to the home position, the empty pallet P after the treatment residue discharge supported by the pallet reversing means 25 is used for warehousing shown in FIG. Transfer to the pallet support 15 (S24).
[0038]
Thereafter, whether or not there is an actual pallet PB or PC that is the next processing residue return target (the actual pallet PB or PC that is the processing residue return target searched in step S17 has not yet been processed. Whether or not there is a pallet PB or PC) is checked (S25). If there is, the process returns to step S18 to start the process residue return operation for the actual pallet PB or PC to be processed residue return. If not, the processing residue return operation for all the actual pallets PB or PCs to be processed that day is returned.
[0039]
On the other hand, as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 7, if the processing residue is returned to the empty stirring device 3 in step S22 (S26), the case of the volume reduction / extinction processing of garbage and the volume reduction / extinction processing of sludge are performed. Depending on whether the main waste before processing of the returned processing residue is raw garbage or sludge based on the replenishment material and supply amount set in advance, Depending on whether the actual pallet was PB or PC), the required amount of necessary materials from raw garbage, sludge, rice bran, rice husk, and wood chips is mixed and stirred as described above for waste at the time of new warehousing. The stirring device 3 is replenished in the same procedure as the work (S27). When the stirring of the processing residue and the replenishment material in the stirring device 3 is completed (S28), the workpiece is unloaded from the stirring device 3 by the transport means 13, and is set on the pallet support portion 15 for warehousing. P is filled (S29). Then, the pallet is the actual pallet PB for reducing or eliminating trash, or the actual pallet PC for reducing or eliminating sludge. 16a or re-entry into the empty pallet supporter 16a of the shelf 16 retrieved from the empty address list (S30).
[0040]
In addition, the amount and composition of the processing residue after 14 days (or 21 days after) of the fermentation decomposition treatment in the case of volume reduction or extinction processing of raw garbage (or sludge) are learned by a test operation performed in advance. Since it can be known in advance, the material to be replenished and the replenishment amount for the processing residue are set in advance, and based on this setting, the replenishment material is replenished to the processing residue returned to the stirring device 3 as described above. In some cases, the amount of processing residue returned to the stirring device 3 is measured using the weight detection sensor 6, and this measurement result and a preset replenishment material are available. From the above, it is possible to calculate how much of the replenishment material should be replenished, and to automatically replenish the replenishment material to the processing residue returned to the stirring device 3 based on the calculation result.
[0041]
The information on the actual pallet PB or PC that is the target of the above processing residue return work program is stored in the actual pallet address list for garbage reduction or elimination processing or the actual pallet address list for sludge reduction or elimination processing. In addition, the raw material is rewritten as the actual pallet PB for garbage reduction or annihilation processing, or the actual pallet PC for sludge reduction or annihilation processing, which is composed of processing residue and replenishment material, together with the date of receipt.
[0042]
In addition to the above-described switching operation at the time of steady operation, shipping operation, and processing residue return operation at the time of volume reduction or elimination processing, operations described below can also be performed. That is, after turning over, before being re-entered into the shelf 16, a sensor for inspecting the physical properties of the physical pallets PA to PC transferred to the temporary pallet support portion 22 by the cylinder unit 24. It is possible to perform a necessary inspection on properties such as temperature and moisture of the workpiece after turning down and inserting the sensor 23a. Further, since the total weight of the actual pallet P transferred to the temporary pallet support portion 22 can be detected by the weight detection sensor 23b, the contents are determined from the detected total weight of the actual pallets PA to PC. It is also possible to determine the weight of (processed object) and know the progress of fermentation decomposition of the processed object. Of course, the actual pallets PA to PC to be turned over are not sent out to the turn-back device 20, but are first sent out to the temporary pallet support section 22, and transferred to the turn-back device 20 after necessary property inspection and weight inspection. Work can be performed, and the actual pallets PA to PC are inspected and delivered from the shelf 16 to the temporary placement pallet support portion 22 by the loading / unloading device 17 regardless of the turnover work, and for the temporary placement after the above inspection. The actual pallets PA to PC of the pallet support part 22 can be re-stocked into the shelf 16.
[0043]
Also, the processed material in the actual pallet PA to be shipped and the processed material in the actual pallet PA that has not passed the predetermined number of days for fermentation and decomposition are also sub-materials in accordance with the above processing residue return work program. It can be returned to the stirring device 3 for reuse. Further, when the above processing residue returning work program is executed, the processing residue is not directly returned from the turn-back device 20 to the stirring device 3, but as shown by a virtual line in FIG. The processing residue after performing the above may be returned to the stirring device 3 via the conveying means 37 branched from the conveying means 35 and the returning conveying means 30.
[0044]
In the waste treatment facility having the above-described configuration, instead of the rice bran stored in the hopper 1C shown in FIG. In the case of composting and reducing or extinguishing garbage using chicken manure instead of rice bran, 200 kg of garbage, 50 kg of chicken manure, and 1 m of rice husk ³ The desired purpose was achieved (fermentation treatment days etc. are the same as in the above example). Of course, when the sludge volume reduction or elimination process is not performed, the hopper 1B prepared for the sludge is unnecessary and can be omitted. Furthermore, an attempt was made to compost and reduce or extinguish the juice when the juice lees and fish ara are the main wastes. 1m of pruned branches and cut grass that were shredded as auxiliary materials into 150kg of juice bowl and 100kg of fish ³ In addition, the pallet P was filled and stored in the automatic warehouse 14 for fermentation decomposition. Of course, in this case, the auxiliary material storage hopper having a small specific gravity and a large amount of use (high bulk) such as pruned branches and cut grass is arranged so that it can be directly supplied to the stirring device 3. Further, the number of days for fermentation and decomposition treatment before shipping as a compost processed product and the number of days for fermentation and decomposition treatment until the processing residue returning operation for volume reduction or elimination treatment are appropriately set.
[0045]
In the process of composting raw garbage, raw garbage collected from ordinary households, raw garbage collected from the food and beverage industry such as restaurants, and food collected from the food and beverage sales industry such as supermarkets and convenience stores. The composition may vary greatly depending on the collection source such as garbage. In such a case, the collected garbage is stored in a storage hopper according to the main nutrients, such as starch-based garbage, protein-based garbage, vegetable-based garbage, etc., and these are combined appropriately and composted. I can do it. For example, if you want to obtain a highly versatile compost treatment with good nutrient balance, take out starchy raw garbage: protein-based raw garbage: vegetable-type raw garbage so that it is 1: 1: 1. If you want to obtain a processed material for compost with a nutrient balance that is suitable for the cultivation of the real thing, you can add a small auxiliary material to the fermentative decomposition treatment. Protein-based food waste: Vegetable-based food waste can be taken out so as to have a ratio of 1: 2: 1, and an appropriate auxiliary material can be added thereto to adjust an object to be treated for fermentation decomposition.
[0046]
The main waste subject to composting and volume reduction / extinction processing is not limited to the illustrated raw garbage, sludge, juice lees, fish arabes, and other processing residues generated in the food processing industry Various industrial wastes can also be used. Furthermore, in addition to these main wastes, in addition to improving the environment for fermentation and decomposition of the waste, it can also be obtained at low cost in the region as a secondary material that supplements the deficient nutrients and promotes the fermentation and decomposition of the waste. May be used, and is not limited to those illustrated.
[0047]
【The invention's effect】
The waste treatment method and waste treatment facility of the present invention can be carried out as described above, and according to the waste treatment method of the present invention, the object to be treated and the volume reduction Or to be processed in the same automatic warehouse for each pallet to be processed in the same automatic warehouse, the processed material to be composted is automatically turned to a state that can be shipped as a composted processed material by turning it back on a predetermined schedule. After being managed in the warehouse, the product is automatically delivered, and the processed objects to be reduced or eliminated are managed in the automated warehouse until the desired volume reduction or elimination effect is obtained by turning back on a predetermined schedule. Because the processing residue is automatically returned to the stirrer as a secondary material to be mixed with other wastes, etc., the reversing device, stirrer, and automatic warehouse can be used for both composting and volume reduction or elimination. Letting Can, in comparison with the case that requires a dedicated facility in each, it is possible to achieve a significant reduction in equipment costs.
[0048]
Moreover, even if the garbage is suitable for composting that is collected regularly and in large quantities, the entire amount of compost is treated in consideration of the demand for compost at that time. It is possible to easily select and execute the most suitable treatment method from the three treatment methods of composting only the amount and reducing or extinguishing the rest, and reducing or extinguishing the entire amount. Although the composting process was performed in order to achieve the intended purpose of recycling organic waste and providing organic compost, there is no undertaker of the storage of large quantities of composted materials, so there is no problem of difficulty in storage. .
[0049]
In addition, according to the method of Claim 2, in any of composting processing and volume reduction or extinction processing, the turning device essential for processing is used as a means for discharging processed compost or processing residue from the pallet. It is not necessary to provide a dedicated means for taking out the contents from the pallet for shipping the processed compost and returning the processing residue to the stirring device, and shipping and processing the processed compost. In the case of returning the residue to the stirring device, it is not necessary to separately provide a delivery position of the corresponding pallet by the storage device of the automatic warehouse.
[0050]
Moreover, according to the method of Claim 3, since the processed material for compost can be taken out in the state which removed the foreign material with the foreign material removal apparatus, when a metal piece, a plastic bag, etc. can be removed as a foreign material, compost Can improve the safety and quality of the processed material, and if the processed material of a certain particle size or more can be removed as foreign matter, it can be shipped as a high-quality compost processed material with a uniform particle size and the fixed particle size removed The above processed products can be reused as auxiliary materials for composting treatment.
[0051]
According to the method configuration of claim 4, since foreign matters mixed in the processed material such as processing residues in the case of volume reduction or extinction processing are removed even if the processed material is returned to the stirring device as a subsidiary material, Processing efficiency can be improved because there is no longer a gradual increase remaining in the system.
[0052]
In carrying out the above-described method of the present invention, the method of the present invention can be carried out easily and satisfactorily by using the facility of the present invention according to claim 5. In this case, according to the configuration described in claim 6, waste suitable for composting (and therefore capable of volume reduction or extinction processing) and volume reduction or extinction processing not suitable for composting processing must be performed. If there is a request to adjust the material to be processed for composting in a situation where waste that cannot be obtained is supplied, there is a request to adjust the material to be processed for volume reduction or elimination. In any of the cases, it is possible to adjust the processing object suitable for the purpose by properly using the waste. Furthermore, according to the structure of Claim 7, the auxiliary material mixed with waste can be used easily and easily according to the composting process and the volume reduction or extinction process. Any of the extinction processes can be performed satisfactorily.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of the first half of a waste treatment facility.
FIG. 2 is a schematic elevation view illustrating an automatic warehouse of a waste treatment facility.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of the latter half of the waste treatment facility.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart for explaining a switching work program.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a shipping work program for processed compost.
FIG. 6 is a flowchart for explaining a return work program for a processing residue to a stirring device.
FIG. 7 is a flowchart for explaining a control program on the stirring device side related to the program.
[Explanation of symbols]
1A to 1E Waste storage hopper
2,6,23b Weight detection sensor
3 Stirrer
4 Water supply means
7 Supply device
8 Feeding means (supply device)
9 Transport container (supply device)
11 Conveyor for container circulation and transport (supply device)
12 Transfer means (supply device)
13, 28, 30, 36, 37 Conveying means
14 Automatic warehouse
15 Pallet support for storage (automatic warehouse)
16 shelves (automatic warehouse)
17 Loading / unloading equipment (automatic warehouse)
20 Cutting device
21 Pallet support for re-entry (automatic warehouse)
22 Temporary pallet support (automatic warehouse)
23a Sensor for property inspection
25 Pallet reversing means (turning device)
26 Processed object hopper (turning device)
27, 31 Transport direction switching means
29 Foreign matter removal device
32 Cylindrical sieve (foreign material removal device)
33 Pallet for shipping
34 Pallet for carrying out foreign objects
P palette
PA Actual pallet for garbage composting
PB Actual pallet for garbage reduction or extinction treatment
PC Pallet for sludge volume reduction or disappearance treatment

Claims (7)

For fermentative decomposition treatment, a stirrer that stirs the object to be processed, which is composed of waste and auxiliary materials for adjusting the C / N ratio, adjusting moisture, improving air permeability, etc., and a pallet containing the agitated object to be processed In a waste processing facility that uses an automatic warehouse for storage and a turn-back device for turning back the workpieces in the pallet, each pallet stored in the automatic warehouse has its storage location, composting treatment or volume reduction. Record the date of warehousing and the date of receipt, and set in advance how many times the composting process and volume reduction / extinction process are turned over to complete the fermentation decomposition process. In addition, the presence or absence of the pallet corresponding to the turnover processing date and the pallet corresponding to the completion date of the fermentation decomposition process is determined based on the recorded receipt date, and the objects to be processed in the pallet corresponding to the turnover processing date are The Palais The product in the pallet corresponding to the date of completion of the fermentation decomposition process is treated as compost if it is for composting. A waste disposal method, wherein the waste is returned to the agitator as a secondary material to be mixed with other objects to be treated when it is discharged and reduced or disappeared. 2. The waste treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the turn-over process is performed immediately before the output as a compost processed product and the return to the stirring device as a subsidiary material. The waste disposal method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, when leaving as a compost processed product, the processed matter is passed through a foreign matter removing device to remove foreign matter, and then discharged. The waste treatment method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein when returning to the agitation device as an auxiliary material, the treated material is passed through the foreign matter removing device to remove foreign matter and then returned to the agitation device. A plurality of hoppers containing waste and sub-materials for adjusting C / N ratio adjustment, moisture adjustment, air permeability improvement and the like, containing a plurality of hoppers, a stirrer, and a treatment object in the hopper A supply device that takes out a required amount and supplies it to the agitator, a pallet that accommodates an object to be treated that has been agitated by the agitator, and an actual pallet that accommodates an object to be processed for fermentation decomposition treatment such as waste An automatic warehouse having shelves to be stored and a loading / unloading device, a device for turning back workpieces in a pallet that can store and unload actual pallets between the automatic warehouse, and an actual pallet that is unloaded from the automatic warehouse The processed product return transport means for returning the processed product as a subsidiary material to the agitator, and the compost processed product transport means for transporting the processed product in the actual pallet delivered from the automatic warehouse as a compost processed product. Waste treatment equipment The waste according to claim 5, wherein the hopper includes a plurality of hoppers for separately storing composting waste and volume reduction or disappearance waste, and a hopper for storing auxiliary materials. Processing equipment. The said hopper is equipped with the hopper which accommodates a waste, and the several hopper which accommodates separately the auxiliary material for composting processing, and the auxiliary material for volume reduction or extinction processing. Waste treatment facility.

Images