JP3608727B2

JP3608727B2 - Waste disposal method

Info

Publication number: JP3608727B2
Application number: JP2001192152A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 博一石川
Original assignee: 株式会社イシカワキカイ
Priority date: 2001-06-26
Filing date: 2001-06-26
Publication date: 2005-01-12
Anticipated expiration: 2021-06-26
Also published as: JP2003001229A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、生ゴミ等の廃棄物を発酵分解して消滅させたり堆肥化する廃棄物処理方法に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
撹拌手段を備えた発酵分解槽に於いて、生ゴミ等の廃棄物に適当な副資材（床材）を加えて発酵分解させることにより、生ゴミ等の廃棄物を減容乃至消滅させたり、発酵分解残渣を堆肥として利用することが知られている。しかして、このような処理装置を一般家庭や事業所等の生ゴミ等廃棄物発生場所毎に設置して使用することにより、各生ゴミ等廃棄物発生場所からの廃棄物発生量を大巾に削減したり、廃棄物の堆肥としての再利用を図ることが出来ると考えられている。
【０００３】
然るに、この種の廃棄物処理装置は、一般家庭向けの小型小容量のものから事業者向けの大型大容量のものまで、廃棄物の発生量に対応した各種の規模のものが考えられており、何れのものに於いても、発酵分解槽の容量に対し決められた最大量の副資材を予め投入した後、発生する生ゴミ等廃棄物を逐次投入して発酵分解させるのであるが、目的が生ゴミ等廃棄物の減容乃至消滅処理を目的とする場合、堆肥化を目的とする場合の何れに於いても、単に生ゴミ等廃棄物を適量づつ投入しさえすれば目的の処理が自動的且つ完璧に行われるのではなく、発酵分解槽内を発酵分解に好適な環境に保持管理しなければならないことは勿論のこと、減容又は堆肥化が目的の場合は、発酵分解残渣を適当時期に取り出して廃棄処分又は堆肥として安全に利用出来る完熟状態まで保存しなければならない。
【０００４】
しかしながら、この種の処理装置の管理者となる一般家庭や事業所或いはマンションや団地等の自治会では、現実に上記のような管理作業を完全且つ永続的に履行することは至難であって、大抵の場合、いつかは生ゴミ等廃棄物の腐敗を招いたり、残渣の処理に困って、使用しなくなっているのが実情である。
【０００５】
勿論、十分な保守管理や適法な残渣処理を行う為の体制作りが可能な、例えば地方自治体等の単位で大規模な集中処理設備を設置し、この集中処理設備に生ゴミ等廃棄物発生場所から回収車で生ゴミ等廃棄物を収集して大規模に発酵分解処理及び残渣の処理を行うようにすれば良いが、これでは、従前の規模と同じ大規模の生ゴミ等廃棄物回収システムとコストがそのまま必要となり、抜本的な解決にはならない。
【０００６】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は上記のような従来の問題点を解消し得る廃棄物処理方法を提供することを目的とするものであって、請求項１に記載の本発明の構成を後述する実施形態の参照符号を付して示すと、複数の一次処理装置１と集中二次処理設備２とを備えた廃棄物処理システムを使用する廃棄物処理方法であって、各一次処理装置１は、撹拌手段６を備えた発酵分解槽７を有するもので、生ゴミ等廃棄物発生場所毎又は複数の生ゴミ等廃棄物発生場所を含む特定エリア毎に設置され、集中二次処理設備２は、パレット単位で被処理物を取り扱うもので、当該パレット６０を立体的に収容する棚５９Ａ，５９Ｂと当該棚５９Ａ，５９Ｂに対するパレット６０の入出庫装置５７を備え、各一次処理装置１の発酵分解槽７に於いて、廃棄物に通気性や水分の調整、発酵分解の促進等を図る副資材を加えた被処理物を撹拌発酵分解させる一次処理を行い、当該各一次処理装置１から発酵分解槽内容物を回収して集中二次処理設備２に搬入し、この集中二次処理設備２に於いて、前記回収物に他の未処理廃棄物を加えて撹拌した被処理物をパレット６０に収容して棚５９Ａ，５９Ｂに入庫し、パレット６０内の被処理物を更に発酵分解させる二次処理を行う廃棄物処理方法に於いて、前記集中二次処理設備２に、前記未処理廃棄物を種類別に分け入れる複数のホッパー３９Ａ〜３９Ｃが設けられ、これら各ホッパー３９Ａ〜３９Ｃから適宜の割合で取り出した未処理廃棄物を各一次処理装置１からの回収物に加えて撹拌し、二次処理することを特徴とするものである。
【０００７】
また、請求項２に記載の本発明の構成は、複数の一次処理装置１と集中二次処理設備２とを備えた廃棄物処理システムを使用する廃棄物処理方法であって、各一次処理装置１は、撹拌手段６を備えた発酵分解槽７を有するもので、生ゴミ等廃棄物発生場所毎又は複数の生ゴミ等廃棄物発生場所を含む特定エリア毎に設置され、集中二次処理設備２は、パレット単位で被処理物を取り扱うもので、当該パレット６０を立体的に収容する棚５９Ａ，５９Ｂと当該棚５９Ａ，５９Ｂに対するパレット６０の入出庫装置５７を備え、各一次処理装置１の発酵分解槽７に於いて生ゴミ等廃棄物を発酵分解させる一次処理を行い、当該各一次処理装置１から発酵分解槽内容物を回収して集中二次処理設備２に搬入し、この集中二次処理設備２に於いて、前記回収物に未処理廃棄物を加えて撹拌した被処理物をパレット６０に収容して棚５９Ａ，５９Ｂに入庫し、パレット６０内の被処理物を更に発酵分解させる二次処理を行う廃棄物処理方法に於いて、前記各一次処理装置１の発酵分解槽７からの内容物回収に際し、発酵分解槽７内に適当量の内容物を残すことを特徴とするものである。
【０００８】
上記請求項２に記載の本発明を実施するについて、請求項３に記載のように、前記各一次処理装置１に、発酵分解槽７内の一定容量を超える内容物を自動排出する排出手段１３と、当該排出手段１３から自動排出される内容物を受け入れる可搬容器１８とを設けておき、発酵分解槽内容物の回収に際し、前記可搬容器１８内の内容物を回収し、空の可搬容器１８を各一次処理装置１にセットすることにより、各一次処理装置１からの発酵分解槽内容物の回収作業を能率良く行えるようにすることが出来る。
【０００９】
また、請求項４に記載のように、前記廃棄物処理システムに於ける各一次処理装置１に、運転状態検出装置２２と、当該検出装置２２の検出情報を発信する発信手段３４とを設けると共に、各一次処理装置１の前記発信手段３４から発信される情報を受信して全ての一次処理装置１の運転状態を監視する集中管理装置３３を設けておくことが出来る。
【００１１】
更に、請求項５に記載のように、前記集中二次処理設備２では、二次処理が所定時間経過したパレット６０内の被処理物を各一次処理装置１からの回収物に加えて循環させることも出来る。この方法は、減容乃至消滅目的の廃棄物処理に好適であるが、堆肥化目的の廃棄物処理にも適用することが出来る。
【００１２】
また、請求項６に記載のように、堆肥化目的の廃棄物処理に本発明を利用する場合、パレット６０を介して棚５９Ａ，５９Ｂに保管された二次処理物を完熟するまで管理保管して、完全な堆肥として出荷することも出来るが、集中二次処理設備２の利用効率を高める為、例えば、もみ殻や木材チップ等の極端に発酵分解速度の遅い副資材が使用されている場合、これら副資材が完熟していないパレット内二次処理物を堆肥用処理済み物として搬出することも可能である。
【００１３】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に本発明の好適実施形態を添付図に基づいて説明すると、図１に於いて、１は一次処理装置、２は集中二次処理設備である。一次処理装置１は、図２に示すように、撹拌手段６を内蔵した発酵分解槽７を備えたものである。撹拌手段６としては従来周知の種々のものが利用出来るが、この実施形態の撹拌手段６は、駆動手段８によって正逆何れ方向にも回転駆動することの出来る回転軸９に撹拌羽根１０を軸心方向適当間隔おきで放射状に突設付設したものであって、各撹拌羽根１０は、正転回動するときに発酵分解槽７内の内容物を回転軸９の軸心方向の一方向（以下、送り方向という）１１に送り作用を持つ。又、発酵分解槽７の底面７ａは、前記撹拌羽根１０の回転半径より若干大きい半径の半円状円弧面に形成されている。
【００１４】
又、発酵分解槽７には、前記撹拌手段６の送り方向１１側の端部の上部に開閉蓋付き被処理物投入口１２が設けられ、当該発酵分解槽７の、撹拌手段６の送り方向１１とは反対側の側壁には、回転軸９より上側に自動排出手段１３が設けられると共に、回転軸９より下側に開閉蓋付き槽内処理物排出口１４が設けられている。前記自動排出手段１３は、回転軸９より上方の適当高さに設けられた排出口１５と、当該排出口１５の外側上辺に外方上方へ開動可能に軸支され且つバネ力等の閉蓋力により閉じ状態を保持するようにした常閉開閉蓋１６と、排出口１５の外側に連設されたシュート１７とから成るもので、発酵分解槽７内の内容物が一定容量を超えると当該処理物に押されて自動的に外方上方へ開動し、一定容量を超えた発酵分解槽７内の内容物を自動的に排出する。
【００１５】
更に、一次処理装置１には、前記自動排出手段１３のシュート１７から排出される発酵分解槽７内の内容物、即ち、一次処理済み廃棄物を受け入れる可搬容器１８の置き場１９が設けられている。この容器置き場１９は、可搬容器１８の出し入れの為の開閉扉２０を備えた囲壁２１で自動排出手段１３を含めて囲むことが出来る。
【００１６】
又、一次処理装置１には運転状態検出装置２２が併設されている。この運転状態検出装置２２は、一次処理装置１の底面と各設置用脚部（全て又は一部には高さ調整用アジャスターが使用される）２３との間に介装されたロードセル等の重量検出用センサー２４、発酵分解槽７内の内容物の温度を直接又は間接に検出する温度センサー２５、及び発酵分解槽７内の内容物の含水量を直接又は間接に検出する水分センサー２６等を備え、これら各センサー２４〜２６の検出信号を取り込んで処理する制御手段２７が併設されている。
【００１７】
しかして、制御手段２７では、各脚部２３毎の重量検出用センサー２４の検出値に基づいて、発酵分解槽７内の内容物重量を含む一次処理装置１全体の総重量から一次処理装置１の重量を減算処理した内容物重量を算出し、検出した内容物重量が設定重量を超えている場合、即ち、許容量を超えて生ゴミ等廃棄物が投入された場合に重量異常信号を出力する重量異常判別機能２８や、温度センサー２５で検出された温度が設定温度範囲内でなければ温度異常信号を出力する温度異常判別機能２９、及び水分センサー２６で検出された含水量が設定範囲内でなければ水分異常信号を出力する水分異常判別機能３０が働き、出力された重量異常信号、温度異常信号、及び水分異常信号に基づいてブザー、ランプ、文字表示等で異常表示を行う異常表示手段３１の他、当該異常信号に基づいて例えば撹拌手段６の駆動手段８、発酵分解槽７内に水を噴霧する散水手段、発酵分解槽７内の通気を行うブロワ等の起動停止を行う運転制御手段３２や、当該異常信号を各一次処理装置１に固有のアドレスと共に集中管理装置３３へ送信する送信手段３４が働くように構成されている。
【００１８】
前記集中管理装置３３は、各一次処理装置１の運転状態検出装置２２の送信手段３４から発信された各一次処理装置１に固有のアドレスと異常信号とを受信する受信手段３５、当該受信手段３５が受信した信号を処理して表示手段３６に一次処理装置１を特定するアドレスと異常内容とを表示する制御手段３７とから成るもので、携帯電話機、簡易型携帯電話機、ノート型又はポケット型パーソナルコンピューター、その他各種の携帯情報受信端末を利用したり、例えば集中二次処理設備２等の一定場所に固定的に設置したパーソナルコンピューター等を利用して構成される。
【００１９】
集中二次処理設備２は、図３〜図５に示すように、図１の収集車両３，４によって収集された一次処理済み廃棄物や未処理廃棄物を種類別に受け入れる複数の投入ホッパー、図示例では３つの投入ホッパー３８Ａ〜３８Ｃ、これら各投入ホッパー３８Ａ〜３８Ｃに対応して設置された貯蔵ホッパー３９Ａ〜３９Ｃ、撹拌手段４０、篩い分け手段４１、及び立体自動倉庫４２から構成されている。図３に示すように、各投入ホッパー３８Ａ〜３８Ｃは、対応する各貯蔵ホッパー３９Ａ〜３９Ｃと搬送手段３８ａ〜３８ｃにより接続され、各投入ホッパー３８Ａ〜３８Ｃに種類別に投入された廃棄物が搬送手段３８ａ〜３８ｃを経由して各貯蔵ホッパー３９Ａ〜３９Ｃに種類別に受け入れられる。各貯蔵ホッパー３９Ａ〜３９Ｃは、起動停止自在な送出手段３９ａ〜３９ｃを備えたもので、当該送出手段３９ａ〜３９ｃの作動により送出された廃棄物が搬送手段４３によって次段の撹拌手段４０へ搬送される。
【００２０】
撹拌手段４０は、図４に示すように、搬送手段４３から送り込まれる廃棄物を受け入れる撹拌槽４４内に駆動手段４５で回転駆動される複数本の撹拌兼送出用螺旋羽根４６を水平に軸支したもので、開閉自在な送出口部４７を一端下部に備えており、送出口部４７を閉じた状態で螺旋羽根４６を回転駆動することにより、撹拌槽４４内の廃棄物が撹拌され、係る状態で送出口部４７を開くことにより、回転駆動されている前記螺旋羽根４６によって撹拌槽４４内の廃棄物が被処理物として送出口部４７から送り出される。尚、撹拌槽４４からの廃棄物の送出時には、螺旋羽根４６を逆転駆動するように構成しても良い。
【００２１】
篩い分け手段４１は、図４に示すように、駆動手段４８で軸心の周りに自転駆動される円筒状篩い４９を、その回転軸心の一端側が若干下がるように傾斜させてケーシング５０内に支承すると共に、当該円筒状篩い４９の傾斜上端側の内部に被処理物を投入する投入用シュート５１と円筒状篩い４９の傾斜下端側の内部から排出される篩い残留物を案内する篩い残留物排出用シュート５２とを併設し、更に、円筒状篩い４９の篩い目を通過してケーシング５０の底部から落下する篩い分け被処理物を受けて、処理済み物取り出し用シュート５３と前記撹拌手段４０の撹拌槽４４とに択一的に搬送する、搬送方向切り換え自在なコンベヤ５４を併設したものである。
【００２２】
立体自動倉庫４２は、図５に示すように、昇降キャレッジ５５上に左右水平横方向に出退移動自在なランニングフォーク等のパレット移載手段５６を設けた走行クレーンタイプの入出庫装置５７と、当該入出庫装置５７の走行経路の左右両側に立設され且つパレット支持区画５８を立体的に備えた棚５９Ａ，５９Ｂとから成るものであって、前記入出庫装置５７の走行と昇降キャレッジ５５の昇降、及びパレット移載手段５６の出退運動の組み合わせにより、棚５９Ａ，５９Ｂの任意の位置にあるパレット支持区画５８に対しパレット６０を出し入れし得るものである。
【００２３】
しかして、前記自動倉庫４２の棚５９Ａの一部には、前記入出庫装置５７によってパレット６０の出し入れが行われる被処理物充填用パレット支持部６１と、被処理物切り返し手段６２とが設けられている。被処理物充填用パレット支持部６１と前記撹拌手段４０との間には、当該撹拌手段４０の送出口部４７（図４参照）から送出される被処理物を前記被処理物充填用パレット支持部６１に支持されたパレット６０内に充填するように、コンベヤ６３が配設されている。
【００２４】
前記被処理物切り返し手段６２は、把持したパレット６０を１８０度回転させて当該パレット６０の天地を逆にするパレット把持反転装置６４と、当該パレット把持反転装置６４で天地が逆にされたパレット６０から流出する被処理物を受けるホッパー６５と、当該ホッパー６５内から排出される被処理物を前記篩い分け手段４１の投入用シュート５１（図４参照）に搬送するコンベヤ６６とから構成され、前記パレット把持反転装置６４に対するパレット６０の出し入れは、前記入出庫装置５７によって行われる。前記パレット把持反転装置６４は如何なる構成のものでも良いが、例えば回転フレーム６４ａ内のパレット支持部と、当該パレット支持部に移載されたパレット６０を回転フレーム６４ａに固定するパレット締結手段と、前記回転フレーム６４ａを、そのパレット支持部に支持されたパレット６０の略中央部を通る前後水平方向の回転軸心６４ｂの周りに１８０度正逆回転駆動する駆動手段６４ｃとから構成されたものが利用出来る。
【００２５】
以上のように構成されたシステムを使用する本発明方法を以下に説明すると、図１に示すように、一次処理装置１は、一般家庭、住宅団地・マンション・町会等の複数の生ゴミ等廃棄物発生場所を含む特定エリア、学校・ホテル・病院等の大規模な生ゴミ等廃棄物発生場所、レストラン・スーパー・コンビニ等の事業所等に、１日当たりの生ゴミ等廃棄物発生量に応じた容量のものがそれぞれ１台づつ又は複数台づつ設置される。
【００２６】
各地点の一次処理装置１では、予め通気性や水分調整の為、或いは発酵分解を促進させる為の床材として、もみ殻、木粉、木材チップ、腐葉土、コンポストその他の適当な材料が発酵分解槽７の容量に対し所定の割合の量だけ充填される。そして、この一次処理装置１が設置された場所又はエリアに於いて発生する生ゴミ等廃棄物が開閉蓋付き被処理物投入口１２を利用して発酵分解槽７に逐次投入される。しかして当該一次処理装置１の撹拌手段６や発酵分解槽７内に水を噴霧する散水手段、発酵分解槽７内の通気を行うブロワ等が、運転状態検出装置２２が検出する運転状態に基づいて制御手段２７に予め設定された制御プログラムによって自動制御される運転制御手段３２により自動運転され、発酵分解槽７に投入された生ゴミ等廃棄物の発酵分解処理が行われる。又、この一次処理装置１の運転状態に異常が生じたときは、その異常の内容に応じた処置が運転制御手段３２により講じられ、その異常内容が異常表示手段３１により表示されると同時に、送信手段３４が、どの地点の一次処理装置１にどのような異常が生じたのかの情報を集中管理装置３３に送信する。従って、集中管理装置３３を監視すれば、集中管理担当者は、各地点の一次処理装置１の運転状況をリアルタイムに把握することが出来、仮に一次処理装置１が無人運転されていても、異常の発生した一次処理装置１に出向く等して直ちに必要な対策を講じることが出来る。
【００２７】
正常に運転されている一次処理装置１に於いては、投入される生ゴミ等廃棄物が順次発酵分解処理されて減容されるが、その減容量を超えるように生ゴミ等廃棄物の投入が行われることにより、発酵分解槽７内の被処理物の量が漸増し、レベルが高くなっていく。一方、発酵分解槽７内の被処理物は、自動排出手段１３から遠ざかる送り方向１１への送り作用を撹拌手段６によって受けているので、投入時期が新しい生ゴミ等廃棄物ほど自動排出手段１３から遠い場所にある状態で発酵分解槽７内の被処理物のレベルが高くなっていくことになり、当該被処理物のレベルが自動排出手段１３より高くなると、発酵分解槽７内の発酵分解処理が進んだ被処理物から自動排出手段１３により自動的に排出され、可搬容器１８内に一次処理済み廃棄物として収集される。
【００２８】
上記のようにして各地点の一次処理装置１では、当該一次処理装置１にセットされた可搬容器１８内の一次処理済み廃棄物の量が漸増するが、好ましくは、各地点の一次処理装置１に於ける可搬容器１８が略同時期に満杯になるか又はこれに近い状態となるように、各地点に設置する一次処理装置１の台数、その処理能力、及び可搬容器１８の容量を決定しておく。しかして、数日乃至１０日程度の間隔で定期的に収集車両３を各地点の一次処理装置１に対し巡回させて、その可搬容器１８内の一次処理済み廃棄物を回収させる。このとき、各地点の一次処理装置１で使用する可搬容器１８が全て同一サイズか又は２〜３種類程度であれば、空の可搬容器１８を収集車両３に搭載しておき、回収に際して、一次処理済み廃棄物が収集されている可搬容器１８と空の容器とを取り替えるようにして、回収作業を能率良く行うことが出来る。
【００２９】
尚、上記の方法で一次処理装置１から一次処理済み廃棄物を回収することにより、一次処理装置１の発酵分解槽７内が空になることは無く、常に一定量の処理物が床材として残るので、回収後に投入される生ゴミ等廃棄物の発酵分解処理が良好に行われる。しかしながら、発酵分解槽７内に残る被処理物が古くなって、新たに投入される生ゴミ等廃棄物の発酵分解促進効果が薄れてきたならば、発酵分解槽７内の被処理物を、槽内処理物排出口１４を開いて撹拌手段６を逆転駆動させることにより全て排出して回収させると共に、新しい床材となる副資材を所定量投入することが出来る。
【００３０】
巡回する収集車両３により各地点の一次処理装置１から回収した一次処理済み廃棄物は、集中二次処理設備２まで搬送される。この集中二次処理設備２は、収集車両３によって各地点の一次処理装置１から一次処理物を収集し得るエリア、例えば地方自治体毎に構築される。しかして、この集中二次処理設備２に搬送された一次処理済み廃棄物は、投入ホッパー３８Ａ〜３８Ｃの内、一次処理済み廃棄物用に決められた投入ホッパー、例えばホッパー３８Ａに各収集車両３から投入されると共に、搬送手段３８ａ〜３８ｃにより、貯蔵ホッパー３９Ａ〜３９Ｃの内、一次処理済み廃棄物用に決められた貯蔵ホッパー、例えばホッパー３９Ａに搬送されて貯蔵される。
【００３１】
又、前記集中二次処理設備２には、前記一次処理済み廃棄物の他、農業・林業・畜産業等の産業分野からは、ぬか・もみ殻・藁等の収穫残渣、間伐材チップ、バーク、蓄糞等が、食品工場関係から調理屑・おから等の製造残渣等が、造園業関係から剪定枝葉や刈り草等が、そして水処理施設関係から有機汚泥等が、未処理廃棄物として収集車両４により不定期又は定期的に搬入される。ここでは、有害重金属類を含む汚泥等の堆肥化に適さない廃棄物が無く、集中二次処理設備２に回収される廃棄物を堆肥化する場合について説明すると、この集中二次処理設備２に回収される未処理廃棄物を例えば動物系（蛋白質系）のものと植物系のものとに種類分けし、動物系未処理廃棄物は、動物系未処理廃棄物用に決められた投入ホッパー、例えばホッパー３８Ｂに投入させると共に、植物系未処理廃棄物は、植物系未処理廃棄物用に決められた投入ホッパー、例えばホッパー３８Ｃに投入させ、これら投入各ホッパー３８Ｂ，３８Ｃから搬送手段３８ｂ，３８ｃによりそれぞれに対応する貯蔵ホッパー３９Ｂ，３９Ｃに搬送して貯蔵させる。
【００３２】
集中二次処理設備２の各貯蔵ホッパー３９Ａ〜３９Ｃに種類分けして収集された一時処理済み廃棄物及び未処理廃棄物は、各貯蔵ホッパー３９Ａ〜３９Ｃの送出手段３９ａ〜３９ｃと搬送手段４３とにより撹拌手段４０の撹拌槽４４内へ送給される。このとき、各貯蔵ホッパー３９Ａ〜３９Ｃの送出手段３９ａ〜３９ｃを同時に作動させるのではなく、順番に且つ所定時間だけ作動させて、一時処理済み廃棄物、動物系未処理廃棄物、及び植物系未処理廃棄物を所定の割合で撹拌槽４４内へ送給させる。即ち、最終の堆肥用処理済み物の用途、例えば施肥対象として葉物野菜の栽培地、根菜類の栽培地、花物の栽培地、果実用樹木の栽培地等に応じて、求められる堆肥の養分比率が異なるが、この求められる養分比率の堆肥が最終的に得られるように、一時処理済み廃棄物に対する動物系未処理廃棄物及び植物系未処理廃棄物の添加割合を前もって決めておき、この割合で各廃棄物が撹拌槽４４内へ送給されるように各貯蔵ホッパー３９Ａ〜３９Ｃの送出手段３９ａ〜３９ｃを順番に且つ所定時間だけ作動させるのである。
【００３３】
勿論、一時処理済み廃棄物の他に動物系未処理廃棄物と植物系未処理廃棄物とに分けて収集した２種類の廃棄物を調合添加するようにしたが、未処理廃棄物の種類分けは３種類、又はそれ以上であっても良い。又、取り扱う未処理廃棄物の性状によっては、例えば投入ホッパー３８Ａ〜３８Ｃから貯蔵ホッパー３９Ａ〜３９Ｃへ搬送される廃棄物の過剰水分を除去する水分遠心分離機や、廃棄物を粉砕する粉砕装置、金属等の異物分離除去装置等を併用することも出来る。
【００３４】
撹拌槽４４に送給された混合廃棄物は螺旋羽根４６の駆動により撹拌される。また、必要に応じて、この撹拌槽４４内に水を噴霧する散水手段を作動させて水分調整することも出来る。撹拌された廃棄物は、送出口部４７を開いて撹拌槽４４内から送出させ、立体自動倉庫４２の被処理物充填用パレット支持部６１に支持された空パレット６０内へコンベヤ６３により搬送し、所要量をパレット６０内に充填させる。被処理物充填用パレット支持部６１に対する空パレット６０のセッティングは、入出庫装置５７によって行われる。尚、入出庫装置５７によってパレットの受け渡しが行える位置に空パレットを供給するコンベヤラインを併設しておくことが出来る。
【００３５】
被処理物充填用パレット支持部６１に於いて、パレット６０に所要量の廃棄物が充填されたならば、当該パレット６０を入出庫装置５７によって搬送し、棚５９Ａ，５９Ｂ内の空いているパレット支持区画５８に移載支持させ、保管する。この保管状態で一定期間放置するのであるが、各パレット支持区画５８毎の実パレットの有無及び当該実パレットの入庫日等の保管情報が、パーソナルコンピューター等を使用した管理システムに於いて自動管理される。又、立体自動倉庫４２内は、温度湿度分布を略均一にする為に外気を取り入れると共に排気する通気管理が成されるが、臭気が外部に逸散しないように倉庫内からの排気経路中には脱臭装置が介装される。前記パレット６０は、開放した上部を除く全ての面が通気性のある構造のもの、例えば、格子状のパネルを組み合わせて構成されたボックスパレットの底面及び側面の内側に不織布や細かい目のネット等、通気性はあるが充填された廃棄物の漏出を防止出来るような素材で内張りして構成したものである。
【００３６】
以上のようにして、所要量の廃棄物が充填された実パレット６０が立体自動倉庫４２内の各パレット支持区画５８に順次入庫保管されるのであるが、保管された実パレット６０内の廃棄物、即ち、被処理物は、時間の経過に伴って自ら発酵分解が進行することになる。しかして、入庫後一定期間、例えば１週間を経過した実パレット６０は、自動的に入出庫装置５７によりパレット支持区画５８から取り出されると共に、パレット把持反転装置６４にセットされ、パレット締結手段により回転フレーム６４ａに固定される。そして、当該回転フレーム６４ａが駆動手段６４ｃで１８０度回転駆動されることにより、実パレット６０は天地が逆になるように反転し、内部の被処理物が切り返しされて真下のホッパー６５内に投入される。
【００３７】
ホッパー６５内に投入された切り返し被処理物はコンベヤ６６によって搬送され、投入用シュート５１を介して篩い分け手段４１の円筒状篩い４９内の傾斜上端部側に供給される。しかして、当該円筒状篩い４９は駆動手段４８によって回転駆動されており、傾斜上端側内部に供給された被処理物は、当該円筒状篩い４９内を傾斜下端部側に流動する過程に於いて所定粒度以下のものと以上のものとに篩い分けられながら傾斜下端部側に流動し、所定粒度以下の被処理物はコンベヤ５４に受け継がれ、所定粒度以上の被処理物は篩い残留物排出用シュート５２を経由して篩い残留物排出用パレット６７内に収集される。一方、前記コンベヤ５４を撹拌手段４０の撹拌槽４４側へ被処理物を搬送する向きに駆動しておくことにより、当該コンベヤ５４に供給された所定粒度以下の被処理物を再度撹拌手段４０により撹拌した後、コンベヤ６３により、被処理物充填用パレット支持部６１に準備された空パレット６０に充填することが出来る。勿論、一定期間の発酵分解工程を経た被処理物は、相当量減容しているので、上記工程を複数回繰り返し行って、パレット把持反転装置６４による切り返し作用と篩い分け手段４１による篩い分け作用、及び撹拌手段４０による撹拌作用を受けた複数パレット分の被処理物を空パレット６０に再充填させることにより、パレット６０を効率的に使用することが出来る。
【００３８】
上記工程により切り返し作用、篩い分け作用、及び撹拌作用を受けてパレット６０に再充填された被処理物は、当該パレット６０が入出庫装置５７によって棚５９Ａ，５９Ｂ内の空いているパレット支持区画５８に入庫保管されることにより、再び一定期間、棚５９Ａ，５９Ｂ内で保管され、さらに発酵分解することになる。
【００３９】
上記の切り返し、篩い分け、及び撹拌工程は、被処理物の発酵分解状態に関係なく一定期間おきに複数回、自動的に行わせることが出来るが、一定期間おきに行う発酵分解状態検査の結果に応じて複数回繰り返し行わせることが出来る。何れにしても、棚５９Ａ，５９Ｂ内等に検査用パレット支持部を設け、当該検査用パレット支持部にセットしたパレット６０内の被処理物に対し温度や含水量をチェックする温度センサーや水分センサーを併設することが出来る。このような検査用パレット支持部が設けられているときは、例えば棚５９Ａ，５９Ｂ内での一定期間の発酵分解期間を経過したパレット６０を入出庫装置５７で前記検査用パレット支持部に搬出し、ここで当該パレット６０内の被処理物の温度や含水量をチェックさせ、このチェックによって再度一定期間の発酵分解期間が必要であると判別された被処理物は、そのパレット６０をパレット把持反転装置６４に搬入させることにより、上記の切り返し、篩い分け、及び撹拌工程を受けさせた後、再度棚５９Ａ，５９Ｂに入庫保管させることが出来る。又、前記検査用パレット支持部に於ける検査によって含水量不足と判別された被処理物に対しては、この検査後の適当位置で散水手段により水を補給する必要があるが、この散水手段は、前記検査用パレット支持部に併設することが出来る。前記検査用パレット支持部は、パレット把持反転装置６４の回転フレーム６４ａのパレット支持部で兼用させることも出来るし、入出庫装置５７の昇降キャレッジ５５で兼用させることも出来る。
【００４０】
少なくとも１回の上記切り返し、篩い分け、及び撹拌工程を経て一定期間の再発酵分解工程を経た被処理物は、前記検査用パレット支持部にパレット６０を搬入して所要の検査を受けさせた後、又は当該検査を受けさせなくとも被処理物の当初の発酵分解が完了していると看做されるときは直ちに、処理済み物として立体自動倉庫４２から搬出することが出来る。具体的には、当該被処理物を収納しているパレット６０を入出庫装置５７によりパレット把持反転装置６４に搬出し、切り返し作用及び篩い分け作用を受けさせるが、この場合は、篩い分け手段４１で篩い分けされた一定粒度以下の被処理物を搬送するコンベヤ５４は、処理済み物取り出し用シュート５３側へ搬送するように搬送方向が切り換えられている。従って、当該パレット把持反転装置６４にセットされたパレット６０内の被処理物は、前記のように切り返し作用と篩い分け作用とを受け、一定粒度以上の被処理物が分離除去された状態でコンベヤ５４により処理済み物取り出し用シュート５３へ排出され、処理済み物取り出し用パレット６８に投入される。勿論、検査用パレット支持部での検査の結果、被処理物の温度が規定値より高い、含水量が規定値より高い、等により当初の発酵分解が完了していないと判別された被処理物は、再度上記の切り返し、篩い分け、撹拌工程を経てパレット６０に収納され、棚５９Ａ，５９Ｂに戻される。
【００４１】
尚、被処理物を切り返して再度棚５９Ａ，５９Ｂに入庫保管し、発酵分解を継続させる場合、必須の作用はパレット把持反転装置６４による切り返し作用であって、篩い分け手段４１による篩い分け作用及び撹拌手段４１による撹拌作用は省くことが出来る。この場合、被処理物を処理済み物として立体自動倉庫４２から搬出するときには前記篩い分け手段４１による篩い分け作用が必要であるから、パレット把持反転装置６４による切り返し作用を受けた被処理物を必要に応じて被処理物充填用パレット支持部６１に準備された空パレット６０に充填することが出来るように、パレット把持反転装置６４のホッパー６５の排出口を、被処理物充填用パレット支持部６１に準備された空パレット６０に被処理物を直接送り込む分岐搬送経路と前記コンベヤ６６とに択一的に接続出来るように構成することになる。
【００４２】
最終的に篩い分け手段４１で篩い分けされて処理済み物取り出し用シュート５３を経て処理済み物取り出し用パレット６８に収集された被処理物、即ち、当初の発酵分解を完了し且つ一定粒度以上の被処理物が分離除去された処理済み物は、堆肥用処理済み物として集中二次処理設備２から搬出することが出来る。即ち、集中二次処理設備２に於いて発生する処理残渣が上記実施形態のように堆肥用処理済み物であるときは、図１に示すように、当該堆肥用処理済み物が搬送車両５により不定期又は定期的に、農家・農協・農園・公園やゴルフ場等の緑地管理業者等に搬出される。この堆肥用処理済み物が、当初の発酵分解は完了していて温度も常温にまで下がっているが、廃棄物の種類や混合した副資材によっては未完熟の残留物が残っている場合がある。このような堆肥用処理済み物であるときは、堆肥として施肥しても完全に悪影響が生じない状態になるまで、即ち、全体が完熟するまで、搬出先で１〜数カ月放置した後、使用される。この堆肥用処理済み物として出荷する場合は、最終工程として袋詰め等が行われる。勿論、集中二次処理設備２に於いて発生する処理残渣が堆肥や土壌改良材として利用出来ないものであれば、埋め立てや焼却処理すべく搬出される。
【００４３】
【発明の効果】
本発明の廃棄物処理方法は以上のように実施し且つ使用することができるものであって、係る本発明の廃棄物処理方法によれば、生ゴミ等廃棄物発生場所毎又は複数の当該生ゴミ等廃棄物発生場所を含む特定エリア毎に設置されている一次処理装置に於いて、投入した生ゴミ等廃棄物を最終目的の処理済み物まで完全に発酵分解処理させる必要がなく、適当に発酵分解が進んで減容した状態になった時点で当該一次処理装置内の被処理物が回収されて集中二次処理設備に回収されるのであるから、生ゴミ等廃棄物発生場所では、生ゴミ等廃棄物を完全に発酵分解処理させる為の維持管理や処理済み物の処理を考える必要がなくなり、容易に一次処理装置を導入設置することが出来る。しかも、生ゴミ等廃棄物発生場所で発生する生ゴミ等廃棄物を直接集中二次処理設備に回収させる場合と比較して、集中二次処理設備に回収させるべき生ゴミ等廃棄物の量（体積）が大巾に少なくなり、回収の間隔も大巾に大きくすることが出来るので、当該回収コストの大幅な削減を図ることが出来る。又、突発事由により回収作業が延期されるような場合でも、生ゴミ等廃棄物発生場所での生ゴミ等廃棄物の置き場所や腐敗の問題がなくなり、環境に及ぼす影響も極めて少なくなる。
【００４４】
又、生ゴミ等廃棄物の初期の発酵分解処理は、頻繁に撹拌しなければならない点から、パレット等に生ゴミ等廃棄物を大量に充填して大規模に且つ静的に行うことは極めて困難であるが、本発明では、生ゴミ等廃棄物の初期の発酵分解処理は、各生ゴミ等廃棄物発生場所毎に設置される、撹拌手段を備えた発酵分解槽を有する小型の一時処理装置によって、しかも比較的短期間だけ行わせるのであるから、高度の管理を完璧に行わなくとも所期の発酵分解処理を確実に行わせることが出来、集中二次処理設備では、このように初期の発酵分解処理が済んだ一時処理済み廃棄物を更に適当な副資材を加えて発酵分解させるのであるから、パレット単位で被処理物を取り扱う大規模な立体自動倉庫を利用するも、比較的容易に当初の発酵分解処理を遂行させることが出来る。
【００４５】
更に、集中二次処理設備で発生する処理残渣は、一時処理装置によって得られる一時処理済み物と比較して大量且つ安定的に産出させることが出来、しかも大規模な集中二次処理設備が地方自治体等の大規模組織の設置管理に好適なものであるところから、集中二次処理設備で発生する処理残渣の最終処理、活用が容易であり、従来のように各生ゴミ等廃棄物発生場所毎に設置される小規模の処理装置で発生する処理残渣を個別に最終処理したり有効活用しなければならない場合と比較して、埋め立てや焼却に頼らない環境にやさしい最終処理や堆肥化等の有効再利用がし易くなる。
【００４６】
そして特に本発明方法によれば、集中二次処理設備でも大規模事業所等から産業廃棄物等、一次処理を受けていない未処理廃棄物を受け入れて、一次処理済み物と共に処理することが出来るのであるが、この未処理廃棄物を種類別に分け、種類毎に適宜の割合で未処理廃棄物を一次処理済み物に加えて撹拌し、二次処理することが出来るので、単に集中二次処理設備での発酵分解が良好に行われるように未処理廃棄物の混合割合を調整出来るだけでなく、最終の処理済み物を堆肥用処理済み物として利用する場合、その養分割合が堆肥の最終用途に適した割合となるように調整することも可能となる。
【００４７】
また、請求項２に記載の本発明方法によれば、各一次処理装置の発酵分解槽からの内容物回収に際し、発酵分解槽内に残された適当量の内容物がその後に投入される生ゴミ等廃棄物の発酵分解を促す床材となり、各一次処理装置の発酵分解槽から全ての内容物を回収するよりも、一時処理装置での良好な発酵分解処理を継続させることが容易になる。この場合、請求項３に記載の構成によれば、各一次処理装置の発酵分解槽からの内容物回収に際し、単に可搬容器に自動排出されている内容物を搬出すれば良く、発酵分解槽内から直接所定量の内容物を取り出さなくてはならない場合と比較して、回収作業を容易且つ能率的に行えるだけでなく、発酵分解槽内に所定量を確実に残すことが出来、回収後の処理に悪影響が生じることも無い。
【００４８】
また、請求項４に記載の構成によれば、全ての一次処理装置の運転状態を集中管理装置に於いて集中管理することが出来、少なくとも運転状態に異常が生じたときは集中管理装置側で係る事態を把握し、一次処理装置の設置場所に異常事態とその対処方法を通知したり、当該一次処理装置の設置場所に出向いて対処することが出来る。従って、一次処理装置の設置場所である一般家庭等の生ゴミ等廃棄物の発生場所側で当該一次処理装置の完全な維持管理を要求する必要がなくなり、一次処理装置の設置普及を促進させることが出来る。
【００４９】
また、請求項５に記載の構成によれば、二次処理が所定期間経過したパレット内被処理物を各一次処理装置からの回収物等に加えて循環させるのであるから、各一次処理装置からの回収物等、この集中二次処理設備に於いて新たに処理される廃棄物の発酵分解を、二次処理が所定期間経過した被処理物を床材として促進させることが出来るので、廃棄物の堆肥化を目的とする場合は勿論のこと、特に廃棄物の減容消滅処理を目的とする場合に効果的である。
【００５０】
また、請求項６に記載の構成によれば、廃棄物の堆肥化を目的とする場合で、集中二次処理設備に於いて完熟した堆肥を産出させる場合と比較して、立体自動倉庫を効率よく活用することが出来る。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明方法を実施する場合の廃棄物処理システム全体を示す説明図である。
【図２】一時処理装置の構成を説明する図であって、Ａ図は一時処理装置の縦断側面図、Ｂ図は一時処理装置の縦断正面図である。
【図３】集中二次処理設備の被処理物受け入れ部門を示す説明図である。
【図４】集中二次処理設備の撹拌手段及び篩い分け手段を示す側面図である。
【図５】集中二次処理設備の立体自動倉庫を示し、Ａ図は縦断正面図、Ｂ図は縦断側面図である。
【符号の説明】
１一次処理装置
２集中二次処理設備
３〜５収集車両
６撹拌手段
７発酵分解槽
１２開閉蓋付き被処理物投入口
１３自動排出手段
１６常閉開閉蓋
１８可搬容器
２２運転状態検出装置
２４重量検出用センサー
３４発信手段
３３集中管理装置
３８Ａ〜３８Ｃ投入ホッパー
３９Ａ〜３９Ｃ貯蔵ホッパー
３８ａ〜３８ｃ，４３搬送手段
４０撹拌手段
４１篩い分け手段
４２立体自動倉庫
４６撹拌兼送出用螺旋羽根
４７開閉自在な送出口部
４９円筒状篩い
５１投入用シュート
５２篩い残留物排出用シュート
５３処理済み物取り出し用シュート
５４搬送方向切り換え自在なコンベヤ
５５昇降キャレッジ
５６パレット移載手段
５７パレット入出庫装置
５８パレット支持区画
５９Ａ，５９Ｂ棚
６０，６７，６８パレット
６１被処理物充填用パレット支持部
６２被処理物切り返し手段
６３，６６コンベヤ
６４パレット把持反転装置
６５ホッパー[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a waste treatment method for fermenting and decomposing waste such as garbage to make it disappear or compost.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In a fermentation cracking tank equipped with a stirring means, by adding an appropriate auxiliary material (floor material) to waste such as garbage and fermenting and decomposing it, the waste such as garbage can be reduced or eliminated, It is known to use fermentation decomposition residue as compost. Therefore, by installing and using such treatment equipment at each garbage generation site such as general households and business establishments, the amount of waste generated from each garbage generation site is greatly increased. It is thought that it can be reduced or reused as waste compost.
[0003]
However, this kind of waste treatment equipment is considered to be of various scales corresponding to the amount of waste generated, from small and small capacity for general households to large and large capacity for businesses. In any case, after the maximum amount of secondary material determined for the capacity of the fermentation cracking tank is charged in advance, waste such as generated garbage is sequentially charged and fermented and decomposed. However, if the purpose is to reduce or eliminate the waste such as garbage, or if it is intended for composting, the target treatment can be achieved by simply adding an appropriate amount of waste such as garbage. It is not performed automatically and completely, but the inside of the fermentation cracking tank must be maintained and managed in an environment suitable for fermentation cracking, and if the purpose is volume reduction or composting, the fermentation cracking residue should be removed. Take out at the right time and safely as a disposal or compost To use can be ripe state must be saved.
[0004]
However, in general residents' associations such as general households or business establishments or condominiums or housing estates who are managers of this type of processing equipment, it is actually difficult to perform the above management work completely and permanently, In most cases, the situation is that someday, wastes such as garbage are rotted and the residue is no longer used due to difficulties in processing the residue.
[0005]
Of course, it is possible to create a system for sufficient maintenance management and legal residue processing. For example, a large-scale centralized processing facility is installed in units such as local governments. It is sufficient to collect garbage such as garbage from a collection vehicle and perform fermentation decomposition processing and residue processing on a large scale. However, this is the same large-scale garbage recovery system as the previous scale. Cost is necessary, and it is not a drastic solution.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention aims to provide a waste treatment method capable of solving the conventional problems as described above,The configuration of the present invention according to claim 1.A reference numeral of an embodiment which will be described later is attached to indicate a waste treatment method using a waste treatment system including a plurality of primary treatment apparatuses 1 and a centralized secondary treatment facility 2, each primary treatment apparatus. 1 has a fermentation decomposition tank 7 equipped with a stirring means 6, and is installed in each specific area including a waste generation place such as garbage or a plurality of waste generation places such as garbage, and a centralized secondary processing facility. 2 is for handling the object to be processed in units of pallets, and includes shelves 59A and 59B that three-dimensionally store the pallets 60 and a loading / unloading device 57 for the pallets 60 with respect to the shelves 59A and 59B. In fermentation cracking tank 7In addition, waste to be treated is added with secondary materials to adjust air permeability, moisture, and promote fermentation decomposition.The primary treatment for stirring and decomposing is performed, and the contents of the fermentation decomposition tank are collected from each primary treatment device 1 and carried into the centralized secondary treatment facility 2. In the centralized secondary treatment facility 2,Other untreated wasteIs added to the pallet 60 and stored in the shelves 59 </ b> A and 59 </ b> B, and a secondary process is performed to further fermentatively decompose the pallet 60.In the waste treatment method, the centralized secondary treatment facility 2 is provided with a plurality of hoppers 39A to 39C for sorting the untreated waste according to type, and the hoppers 39A to 39C are taken out at an appropriate ratio. The untreated waste is added to the recovered material from each primary treatment device 1 and stirred to perform secondary treatment..
[0007]
Further, the configuration of the present invention described in claim 2 is a waste treatment method using a waste treatment system including a plurality of primary treatment apparatuses 1 and a centralized secondary treatment facility 2, each primary treatment apparatus. 1 has a fermentation decomposition tank 7 equipped with a stirring means 6, and is installed in each specific area including a waste generation place such as garbage or a plurality of waste generation places such as garbage, and a centralized secondary processing facility. 2 is for handling the object to be processed in units of pallets, and includes shelves 59A and 59B that three-dimensionally store the pallets 60 and a loading / unloading device 57 for the pallets 60 with respect to the shelves 59A and 59B. In the fermentation decomposition tank 7, primary treatment for fermenting and decomposing waste such as garbage is performed, and the contents of the fermentation decomposition tank are collected from each primary processing apparatus 1 and carried into the centralized secondary treatment facility 2, In the next processing facility 2 Waste treatment that adds untreated waste to the collected material and accommodates the treated material in the pallet 60, enters the shelves 59A and 59B, and performs secondary treatment for further fermentative decomposition of the treated material in the pallet 60 In the method, when the contents are recovered from the fermentation decomposition tank 7 of each primary treatment apparatus 1, an appropriate amount of contents is left in the fermentation decomposition tank 7.
[0008]
For carrying out the present invention described in claim 2 above, as described in claim 3,Each primary processing apparatus 1 is provided with a discharge means 13 for automatically discharging contents exceeding a certain capacity in the fermentation decomposition tank 7 and a portable container 18 for receiving the contents automatically discharged from the discharge means 13. When recovering the contents of the fermentation decomposition tank, the contents in the portable container 18 are collected, and the empty portable container 18 is set in each primary processing apparatus 1, so that the fermentation decomposition from each primary processing apparatus 1 is performed. It is possible to efficiently recover the tank contents.
[0009]
Further, as described in claim 4,Each primary treatment device 1 in the waste treatment system is provided with an operating state detection device 22 and transmission means 34 for transmitting detection information of the detection device 22, and the transmission means 34 of each primary treatment device 1. It is possible to provide a centralized management device 33 that receives information transmitted from the computer and monitors the operating state of all the primary processing devices 1.
[0011]
Furthermore, as described in claim 5,In the centralized secondary processing facility 2, an object to be processed in the pallet 60 after the predetermined time has elapsed in the secondary processing is collected from each primary processing device 1.In addition to circulationYou can also make it. This method is suitable for waste disposal for volume reduction or elimination purposes, but can also be applied to waste treatment for composting purposes.
[0012]
Further, as described in claim 6,When the present invention is used for waste disposal for composting purposes, the secondary treated materials stored on the shelves 59A and 59B via the pallet 60 can be managed and stored until they are fully matured and shipped as complete compost. However, in order to increase the utilization efficiency of the centralized secondary treatment facility 2, for example, when secondary materials such as rice husks and wood chips are used which are extremely slow in fermentation decomposition rate, these secondary materials are not fully ripe. It is also possible to carry out the secondary treated product as a composted treated product.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In FIG. 1, 1 is a primary processing apparatus, and 2 is a centralized secondary processing facility. As shown in FIG. 2, the primary treatment apparatus 1 includes a fermentation decomposition tank 7 in which a stirring means 6 is built. Various conventionally known agitation means 6 can be used as the agitation means 6, but the agitation means 6 of this embodiment is configured such that the agitation blade 10 is pivoted on a rotation shaft 9 that can be driven to rotate in either the forward or reverse direction by the drive means 8. The stirring blades 10 are radially provided at appropriate intervals in the center direction, and each stirring blade 10 moves the contents in the fermentation decomposition vessel 7 in one direction (hereinafter referred to as the center of rotation axis 9) when rotating forward. (Referred to as feed direction) 11 has a feed action. Further, the bottom surface 7 a of the fermentation decomposition tank 7 is formed in a semicircular arc surface having a radius slightly larger than the rotation radius of the stirring blade 10.
[0014]
Further, the fermentation decomposition tank 7 is provided with a workpiece input port 12 with an open / close lid at the upper part of the end of the stirring means 6 on the feed direction 11 side, and the feed direction of the stirring means 6 in the fermentation decomposition tank 7 On the side wall opposite to 11, an automatic discharge means 13 is provided above the rotary shaft 9, and an in-tank processed product discharge port 14 with an open / close lid is provided below the rotary shaft 9. The automatic discharge means 13 includes a discharge port 15 provided at an appropriate height above the rotary shaft 9, and is pivotally supported on the outer upper side of the discharge port 15 so as to be able to open outward and upward, and is closed with a spring force or the like. It consists of a normally-closed open / close lid 16 that is kept closed by force and a chute 17 that is continuously provided outside the discharge port 15, and when the content in the fermentation decomposition tank 7 exceeds a certain volume, When pushed by the processed material, it automatically opens outward and the contents in the fermentation decomposition tank 7 exceeding a certain volume are automatically discharged.
[0015]
Further, the primary processing apparatus 1 is provided with a storage 19 for a portable container 18 for receiving the contents in the fermentation decomposition tank 7 discharged from the chute 17 of the automatic discharge means 13, that is, the primary processed waste. Yes. The container storage 19 can be surrounded by the surrounding wall 21 having an opening / closing door 20 for taking in and out the portable container 18 including the automatic discharge means 13.
[0016]
The primary processing device 1 is also provided with an operating state detection device 22. The operating state detection device 22 is a weight of a load cell or the like interposed between the bottom surface of the primary processing device 1 and each installation leg (all or part of which uses a height adjustment adjuster) 23. A sensor 24 for detection, a temperature sensor 25 for directly or indirectly detecting the temperature of the contents in the fermentation decomposition tank 7, and a moisture sensor 26 for directly or indirectly detecting the water content of the contents in the fermentation decomposition tank 7 And a control means 27 for taking in and processing the detection signals of these sensors 24 to 26.
[0017]
Therefore, in the control means 27, the primary processing device 1 is calculated from the total weight of the entire primary processing device 1 including the content weight in the fermentation decomposition tank 7 based on the detection value of the weight detection sensor 24 for each leg 23. When the detected content weight exceeds the set weight, that is, when waste such as garbage is input exceeding the allowable amount, a weight error signal is output. If the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 25 is not within the set temperature range, the temperature abnormality determination function 29 that outputs a temperature error signal, and the moisture content detected by the moisture sensor 26 is within the set range. Otherwise, the moisture abnormality determination function 30 for outputting a moisture abnormality signal is activated, and an abnormality is displayed with a buzzer, a lamp, a character display, etc. based on the output weight abnormality signal, temperature abnormality signal, and moisture abnormality signal. In addition to the indicating means 31, for example, the driving means 8 of the stirring means 6, the watering means for spraying water into the fermentation decomposition tank 7, and the blower that ventilates the fermentation decomposition tank 7 are started and stopped. The operation control unit 32 and the transmission unit 34 that transmits the abnormality signal to the centralized management device 33 together with an address unique to each primary processing device 1 are configured to work.
[0018]
The central management device 33 includes a receiving unit 35 for receiving an address and an abnormality signal specific to each primary processing device 1 transmitted from the transmission unit 34 of the operating state detection device 22 of each primary processing device 1, and the receiving unit 35. Comprises a control means 37 for processing the received signal and displaying on the display means 36 the address for specifying the primary processing device 1 and the content of the abnormality, and is a mobile phone, a simple mobile phone, a notebook type or a pocket type personal computer. A computer or other various portable information receiving terminals are used, or a personal computer or the like fixedly installed at a fixed place such as the centralized secondary processing facility 2 is used.
[0019]
As shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, the centralized secondary treatment facility 2 includes a plurality of input hoppers for receiving primary treated waste and untreated waste collected by the collection vehicles 3 and 4 of FIG. In the example shown in the figure, there are three charging hoppers 38A to 38C, storage hoppers 39A to 39C installed corresponding to the charging hoppers 38A to 38C, stirring means 40, sieving means 41, and three-dimensional automatic warehouse 42. As shown in FIG. 3, the input hoppers 38A to 38C are connected to the corresponding storage hoppers 39A to 39C by transfer means 38a to 38c, and the wastes that are input into the input hoppers 38A to 38C by type are transferred to the input means. Each storage hopper 39A-39C is accepted by type via 38a-38c. Each of the storage hoppers 39A to 39C is provided with delivery means 39a to 39c that can be started and stopped, and the waste delivered by the operation of the delivery means 39a to 39c is transported to the next stirring means 40 by the transport means 43. Is done.
[0020]
As shown in FIG. 4, the agitation means 40 horizontally supports a plurality of agitation / delivery spiral blades 46 that are rotationally driven by a drive means 45 in an agitation tank 44 that receives the waste sent from the conveying means 43. Therefore, a waste outlet 47 is provided at the bottom of one end, and the waste in the agitation tank 44 is agitated by rotationally driving the spiral blade 46 in a state where the outlet 47 is closed. By opening the outlet part 47 in the state, the waste in the agitation tank 44 is sent out from the outlet part 47 as an object to be processed by the spiral blade 46 that is rotationally driven. Note that the spiral blade 46 may be configured to be driven in reverse when the waste is sent from the stirring tank 44.
[0021]
As shown in FIG. 4, the sieving means 41 has a cylindrical sieve 49 that is driven to rotate around an axis by a driving means 48 so that one end side of the rotation axis is slightly lowered and is placed in the casing 50. A sieving residue for supporting the sieving residue discharged from the inside of the slanting lower end side of the feeding chute 51 and the cylindrical sieving portion 49 for loading the workpiece into the inside of the sloping upper end side of the cylindrical sieving 49 A discharge chute 52 is also provided, and a sieved material to be processed which passes through the sieve of the cylindrical sieve 49 and falls from the bottom of the casing 50 is received. This is provided with a conveyor 54 that can be selectively conveyed to the agitation tank 44 and can be switched in the conveying direction.
[0022]
As shown in FIG. 5, the three-dimensional automatic warehouse 42 includes a traveling crane type loading / unloading device 57 provided with a pallet transfer means 56 such as a running fork that can be moved back and forth in the horizontal and horizontal directions on a lifting carriage 55, It comprises shelves 59A and 59B that are erected on both the left and right sides of the travel route of the storage / removal device 57 and are three-dimensionally provided with pallet support sections 58. The pallet 60 can be taken in and out of the pallet support section 58 at an arbitrary position on the shelves 59A and 59B by a combination of raising and lowering and the movement of the pallet transfer means 56.
[0023]
Thus, a part of the shelf 59A of the automatic warehouse 42 is provided with a pallet support part 61 for filling the pallet 60 in which the pallet 60 is put in and out by the loading / unloading device 57, and a workpiece turn-back means 62. ing. Between the workpiece filling pallet support portion 61 and the stirring means 40, the workpiece to be sent out from the delivery port 47 (see FIG. 4) of the stirring means 40 is supported by the workpiece filling pallet support. A conveyor 63 is disposed so as to fill the pallet 60 supported by the section 61.
[0024]
The workpiece turn-back means 62 rotates the gripped pallet 60 180 degrees to reverse the top of the pallet 60, and the pallet 60 whose top and bottom is reversed by the pallet grip reversing device 64. A hopper 65 that receives the object to be processed flowing out from the hopper 65, and a conveyor 66 that conveys the object to be processed discharged from the hopper 65 to the charging chute 51 (see FIG. 4) of the sieving means 41, The pallet gripping and reversing device 64 is put in and out of the pallet 60 by the loading / unloading device 57. The pallet gripping and reversing device 64 may have any configuration. For example, the pallet support part in the rotating frame 64a, the pallet fastening means for fixing the pallet 60 transferred to the pallet supporting part to the rotating frame 64a, The rotary frame 64a includes a driving means 64c configured to drive forward and reverse rotation about 180 degrees around a rotation axis 64b in the front-rear horizontal direction passing through a substantially central portion of the pallet 60 supported by the pallet support portion. I can do it.
[0025]
The method of the present invention using the system configured as described above will be described below. As shown in FIG. 1, the primary processing apparatus 1 is a general household, a plurality of garbage etc. in a housing estate / apartment / town hall, etc. The amount of waste generated per day in specific areas including waste generation places, large-scale garbage waste generation places such as schools, hotels and hospitals, restaurants, supermarkets, convenience stores, etc. Each one having a capacity corresponding to the capacity is installed one by one or plural.
[0026]
In the primary treatment device 1 at each point, in order to adjust the air permeability and moisture in advance, or to promote fermentation decompositionFlooringAs a matter of course, rice husk, wood flour, wood chips, humus, compost and other suitable materials are filled in a predetermined proportion with respect to the capacity of the fermentation cracking tank 7. And wastes, such as garbage which generate | occur | produces in the place or area where this primary processing apparatus 1 was installed, are thrown in sequentially into the fermentation decomposition tank 7 using the to-be-processed object inlet 12 with an opening-and-closing lid. Accordingly, the stirring means 6 of the primary treatment apparatus 1, the watering means for spraying water into the fermentation decomposition tank 7, the blower for ventilating the fermentation decomposition tank 7, etc. are based on the operation state detected by the operation state detection device 22. Then, it is automatically operated by the operation control means 32 that is automatically controlled by a control program set in advance in the control means 27, and the fermentative decomposition treatment of waste such as raw garbage put into the fermentation decomposition tank 7 is performed. Further, when an abnormality occurs in the operating state of the primary processing device 1, a measure corresponding to the content of the abnormality is taken by the operation control means 32, and at the same time the abnormality content is displayed by the abnormality display means 31, The transmission means 34 transmits information about what kind of abnormality has occurred in the primary processing device 1 at which point to the centralized management device 33. Accordingly, if the central management device 33 is monitored, the person in charge of the central management can grasp the operation status of the primary processing device 1 at each point in real time, and even if the primary processing device 1 is operated unattended, Occurrence ofOneNecessary measures can be taken immediately by going to the next processing apparatus 1 or the like.
[0027]
In the primary processing apparatus 1 that is operating normally, the input waste such as garbage is subjected to fermentation decomposition treatment to reduce the volume, but the input of waste such as garbage to exceed the reduced capacity. Is performed, the amount of the object to be processed in the fermentation decomposition tank 7 gradually increases and the level becomes higher. On the other hand, since the processing object in the fermentation decomposition tank 7 receives the feeding action in the feeding direction 11 away from the automatic discharging means 13 by the stirring means 6, wastes such as raw garbage with a new charging time are automatically discharged as the waste. When the level of the object to be processed in the fermentation decomposition tank 7 becomes higher in a state far from the autoclave, and the level of the object to be processed becomes higher than the automatic discharge means 13, the fermentation decomposition in the fermentation decomposition tank 7 The processed material that has been processed is automatically discharged by the automatic discharging means 13 and is collected in the portable container 18 as primary processed waste.
[0028]
As described above, in the primary processing apparatus 1 at each point, the amount of the primary processed waste in the portable container 18 set in the primary processing apparatus 1 gradually increases. Preferably, the primary processing apparatus at each point 1, the number of primary processing apparatuses 1 installed at each point, its processing capacity, and the capacity of the portable container 18 so that the portable container 18 in FIG. Decide. Thus, the collection vehicle 3 is periodically circulated to the primary processing apparatus 1 at each point at intervals of several days to about 10 days, and the primary processed waste in the portable container 18 is collected. At this time, if the portable containers 18 used in the primary processing apparatus 1 at each point are all the same size or about two to three types, the empty portable containers 18 are mounted on the collection vehicle 3 and collected. The collection operation can be efficiently performed by replacing the portable container 18 in which the primary treated waste is collected with the empty container.
[0029]
By collecting the primary treated waste from the primary treatment device 1 by the above method, the fermentation decomposition tank 7 of the primary treatment device 1 is not emptied, and a fixed amount of treated material is always used as a flooring. Since it remains, fermentation decomposition processing of wastes, such as raw garbage thrown in after collection | recovery, is performed favorably. However, if the object to be processed remaining in the fermentation decomposition tank 7 becomes old and the effect of promoting the fermentation decomposition of wastes such as newly introduced garbage has faded, the object to be processed in the fermentation decomposition tank 7 By opening the processed material discharge port 14 in the tank and driving the agitation means 6 in the reverse direction, all of the material can be discharged and recovered, and a predetermined amount of auxiliary material to be used as a new flooring can be charged.
[0030]
The primary-treated waste collected from the primary processing apparatus 1 at each point by the collecting vehicle 3 traveling around is transported to the centralized secondary processing facility 2. The centralized secondary processing facility 2 is constructed in each area where the primary processing products can be collected from the primary processing apparatus 1 at each point by the collection vehicle 3, for example, each local government. Thus, the primary treated waste transported to the centralized secondary processing facility 2 is put into each of the collection vehicles 3 to the input hopper determined for the primary processed waste, for example, the hopper 38A among the input hoppers 38A to 38C. And is transported and stored by the transport means 38a to 38c to a storage hopper determined for the primary treated waste, for example, the hopper 39A among the storage hoppers 39A to 39C.
[0031]
In addition to the primary treated waste, the centralized secondary treatment facility 2 includes harvest residues such as bran, rice husk and straw, thinned wood chips, bark, etc. Fertilizer storage etc., unprocessed waste such as food waste from manufacturing waste such as cooking scraps and okara, pruning branches and cut grass from landscaping industry, and organic sludge from water treatment facilities It is carried in irregularly or regularly by the collection vehicle 4. Here, there will be no waste suitable for composting such as sludge containing toxic heavy metals, and the case of composting the waste recovered in the centralized secondary treatment facility 2 will be described. The untreated waste to be recovered is classified into, for example, animal-based (protein-based) and plant-based waste, and the animal-based untreated waste is an input hopper determined for animal-based untreated waste, For example, the plant-based untreated waste is put into a hopper 38B, and the plant-based untreated waste is put into a feed hopper determined for the plant-based untreated waste, for example, a hopper 38C. To the corresponding storage hoppers 39B and 39C for storage.
[0032]
Temporarily treated waste and untreated waste collected and classified into the storage hoppers 39A to 39C of the centralized secondary treatment facility 2 are sent to the delivery means 39a to 39c and the transport means 43 of the storage hoppers 39A to 39C. Is fed into the stirring tank 44 of the stirring means 40. At this time, the delivery means 39a to 39c of the storage hoppers 39A to 39C are not operated at the same time, but in order and for a predetermined time, so that the temporarily treated waste, the animal-based untreated waste, and the plant-based untreated The processing waste is fed into the stirring tank 44 at a predetermined rate. That is, depending on the use of the final processed compost, for example, the cultivation area of leafy vegetables, the cultivation area of root vegetables, the cultivation area of flowers, the cultivation area of fruit trees, etc. Although the nutrient ratio is different, in order to finally obtain compost with this required nutrient ratio, the addition ratio of animal untreated waste and plant untreated waste to the temporarily treated waste is determined in advance, The sending means 39a to 39c of the storage hoppers 39A to 39C are operated in order and for a predetermined time so that each waste is fed into the stirring tank 44 at this ratio.
[0033]
Of course, in addition to temporarily treated waste, two types of waste collected separately for animal-based untreated waste and plant-based untreated waste were added and mixed. May be three or more. Further, depending on the properties of the untreated waste to be handled, for example, a moisture centrifuge for removing excess moisture from the waste transported from the input hoppers 38A to 38C to the storage hoppers 39A to 39C, a pulverizer for crushing the waste, An apparatus for separating and removing foreign substances such as metal can be used in combination.
[0034]
The mixed waste fed to the stirring tank 44 is stirred by driving the spiral blade 46. Further, if necessary, the water can be adjusted by operating a watering means for spraying water into the stirring tank 44. The agitated waste is sent out from the agitation tank 44 by opening the delivery port 47 and conveyed by the conveyor 63 into the empty pallet 60 supported by the pallet support part 61 for filling the workpiece in the three-dimensional automatic warehouse 42. The required amount is filled in the pallet 60. Setting of the empty pallet 60 with respect to the workpiece filling pallet support 61 is performed by the loading / unloading device 57. A conveyor line for supplying empty pallets can be provided at a position where the pallet can be delivered by the loading / unloading device 57.
[0035]
If the pallet 60 is filled with a required amount of waste in the pallet support unit 61 for filling the workpieces, the pallet 60 is transported by the loading / unloading device 57, and the pallets that are empty in the shelves 59A and 59B. It is transferred and supported on the support section 58 and stored. Although this storage state is left for a certain period of time, storage information such as the presence / absence of an actual pallet for each pallet support section 58 and the date of receipt of the actual pallet is automatically managed by a management system using a personal computer or the like. The In addition, in the three-dimensional automatic warehouse 42, in order to make the temperature / humidity distribution substantially uniform, outside air is taken in and ventilated to be exhausted. Is equipped with a deodorizing device. The pallet 60 has a structure in which all surfaces except the opened upper part are air permeable, for example, a non-woven fabric or a fine mesh net on the bottom and side surfaces of a box pallet configured by combining lattice-like panels. It is made of a material that is breathable but lined with a material that prevents leakage of the filled waste.
[0036]
As described above, the actual pallet 60 filled with a required amount of waste is sequentially stored and stored in each pallet support section 58 in the three-dimensional automatic warehouse 42, but the waste in the stored actual pallet 60 is stored. That is, the material to be processed undergoes fermentation and decomposition itself with the passage of time. Thus, the actual pallet 60 that has passed a certain period of time, for example, one week after warehousing, is automatically taken out from the pallet support section 58 by the warehousing and unloading device 57 and set in the pallet gripping and reversing device 64 and rotated by the pallet fastening means. It is fixed to the frame 64a. Then, when the rotary frame 64a is rotated 180 degrees by the driving means 64c, the actual pallet 60 is inverted so that the top and bottom are reversed, and the internal workpiece is turned over and put into the hopper 65 directly below. Is done.
[0037]
The workpiece to be turned back fed into the hopper 65 is conveyed by the conveyor 66 and is supplied to the inclined upper end side in the cylindrical sieve 49 of the sieving means 41 via the feeding chute 51. Thus, the cylindrical sieve 49 is rotationally driven by the driving means 48, and the processing object supplied to the inside of the inclined upper end side flows in the cylindrical sieve 49 toward the inclined lower end side. Flowing toward the lower end of the slope while being sieved into those having a predetermined particle size or less and those having a predetermined particle size or less are passed on to the conveyor 54, and those having a particle size of a predetermined particle size or more are used for discharging sieve residue. It is collected in a sieving residue discharge pallet 67 via a chute 52. On the other hand, by driving the conveyor 54 in the direction to convey the workpiece to the stirring tank 44 side of the stirring means 40, the workpiece having a predetermined particle size or less supplied to the conveyor 54 is again fed by the stirring means 40. After the stirring, the empty pallet 60 prepared in the workpiece filling pallet support 61 can be filled by the conveyor 63. Of course, since the processed material that has undergone the fermentation decomposition process for a certain period has been reduced in volume, the above process is repeated a plurality of times, and the turning action by the pallet gripping reversing device 64 and the sieving action by the sieving means 41 are performed. And the pallet 60 can be used efficiently by refilling the empty pallet 60 with the workpieces for a plurality of pallets subjected to the stirring action by the stirring means 40.
[0038]
The pallet 60 that has been refilled into the pallet 60 through the above-described steps by the reversing action, the sieving action, and the stirring action is the pallet support section 58 vacant in the shelves 59A and 59B by the loading / unloading device 57. By being stored and stored in the storage room, it is stored again in the shelves 59A and 59B for a certain period of time, and further subjected to fermentation decomposition.
[0039]
The above turning, sieving, and stirring steps can be automatically performed multiple times at regular intervals regardless of the fermentation degradation state of the workpiece, but the results of the fermentation degradation state inspection performed at regular intervals Depending on the, it can be repeated multiple times. In any case, a temperature sensor or a moisture sensor is provided to provide an inspection pallet support part in the shelves 59A, 59B, etc., and to check the temperature and water content of the object in the pallet 60 set on the inspection pallet support part. Can be added. When such an inspection pallet support is provided, for example, the pallet 60 that has passed a certain period of fermentation decomposition in the shelves 59A and 59B is carried out to the inspection pallet support by the loading / unloading device 57. In this case, the temperature and water content of the object to be processed in the pallet 60 are checked, and the object to be processed that has been determined that a certain period of fermentation decomposition is necessary again by this check, the pallet 60 is gripped and reversed. By carrying in the apparatus 64, after carrying out said turning-over, sieving, and stirring processes, it can be stored in the shelves 59A and 59B again. In addition, it is necessary to replenish water to be treated to be treated by the inspection at the inspection pallet support portion by a watering means at an appropriate position after the inspection. Can be attached to the inspection pallet support. The inspection pallet support part can be used also as the pallet support part of the rotating frame 64 a of the pallet gripping and reversing device 64, or can be used as the elevating carriage 55 of the loading / unloading device 57.
[0040]
After the material to be processed that has undergone the re-fermentation decomposition process for a certain period through at least one of the above-described turning, sieving, and stirring processes, the pallet 60 is carried into the inspection pallet support part and subjected to the required inspection. Alternatively, when it is considered that the initial fermentation decomposition of the object to be processed is completed without being subjected to the inspection, it can be immediately taken out from the three-dimensional automatic warehouse 42 as a processed object. Specifically, the pallet 60 storing the object to be processed is carried out to the pallet gripping and reversing device 64 by the loading / unloading device 57 and subjected to the turning-back action and the sieving action. In this case, the sieving means 41 The conveyance direction of the conveyor 54 that conveys the object to be processed having a predetermined particle size or less that has been screened in the above is switched so as to be conveyed to the processed object takeout chute 53 side. Therefore, the object to be processed in the pallet 60 set on the pallet gripping and reversing device 64 is subjected to the turning action and the sieving action as described above, and the object to be processed having a certain particle size or more is separated and removed. 54 is discharged to the processed product takeout chute 53 and put into the processed product takeout pallet 68. Of course, as a result of the inspection at the inspection pallet support part, it is determined that the initial fermentation decomposition is not completed because the temperature of the object to be processed is higher than the specified value, the water content is higher than the specified value, etc. Is again stored in the pallet 60 through the above-described turning, sieving, and stirring processes, and returned to the shelves 59A and 59B.
[0041]
In addition, when the processing object is turned back and stored again in the shelves 59A and 59B and fermentation decomposition is continued, the essential action is the turning action by the pallet gripping reversing device 64, and the sieving action by the sieving means 41 and The stirring action by the stirring means 41 can be omitted. In this case, when the object to be processed is transported from the three-dimensional automatic warehouse 42 as a processed object, the sieving action by the sieving means 41 is required, and therefore the object to be processed that has been turned back by the pallet gripping reversing device 64 is required. Accordingly, the discharge port of the hopper 65 of the pallet gripping reversing device 64 is connected to the pallet holding pallet support part 61 so that the empty pallet 60 prepared in the pallet support part 61 for filling the object to be processed can be filled. Thus, the conveyor 66 can be selectively connected to the branch conveyance path for directly feeding the workpiece to the prepared empty pallet 60.
[0042]
The object to be processed which is finally sieved by the sieving means 41 and collected on the processed material extraction pallet 68 through the processed material extraction chute 53, that is, the initial fermentation decomposition is completed and the particle size is equal to or larger than a certain particle size. The processed product from which the object to be processed is separated and removed can be carried out from the centralized secondary processing facility 2 as a composted processed product. That is, when the processing residue generated in the centralized secondary processing facility 2 is a compost processed product as in the above embodiment, the compost processed product is transferred by the transport vehicle 5 as shown in FIG. It is carried out irregularly or regularly to farmers, agricultural cooperatives, farms, parks, green space managers such as golf courses, etc. This compost-treated product has been initially fermented and decomposed, and the temperature has dropped to room temperature. However, depending on the type of waste and the mixed auxiliary materials, unfinished residues may remain. . When such compost is processed, it is used after leaving it at the destination for 1 to several months until it is in a state where no adverse effects occur even if it is applied as compost, that is, until the whole is fully ripe. The When shipping as a compost processed product, bagging or the like is performed as a final process. Of course, if the processing residue generated in the centralized secondary processing facility 2 cannot be used as compost or soil improvement material, it is carried out for landfill or incineration.
[0043]
【The invention's effect】
The waste treatment method of the present invention can be implemented and used as described above, and according to the waste treatment method of the present invention, each waste generation place such as garbage or a plurality of such In the primary treatment equipment installed in each specific area including the place where waste and other waste are generated, it is not necessary to completely fermentatively decompose the input waste such as raw garbage up to the final treated product. When fermentative decomposition progresses and the volume is reduced, the processed material in the primary treatment equipment is collected and collected in the centralized secondary treatment facility. There is no need to consider maintenance and processing for completely fermenting and decomposing wastes such as garbage, and it is possible to easily install and install a primary processing apparatus. In addition, the amount of garbage and other waste to be collected by the centralized secondary treatment facility compared to the case where the garbage and other waste generated at the place where the waste is generated is directly collected by the centralized secondary treatment facility ( Volume) is greatly reduced, and the interval between collections can be greatly increased, so that the collection cost can be significantly reduced. Further, even when the collection operation is postponed due to a sudden event, there is no problem of the place where the waste such as garbage is placed and the corruption at the place where the waste such as the garbage is generated, and the influence on the environment is extremely reduced.
[0044]
In addition, the initial fermentation and decomposition treatment of waste such as garbage should be carried out on a large scale and statically by filling a large amount of waste such as garbage into a pallet because it must be frequently stirred. Although difficult, in the present invention, the initial fermentation decomposition treatment of waste such as garbage is a small temporary treatment having a fermentation decomposition tank equipped with a stirring means, which is installed for each waste generation place such as garbage The equipment allows only a relatively short period of time, so that the desired fermentation and decomposition treatment can be performed reliably without performing high-level management perfectly. It is relatively easy to use a large-scale three-dimensional automatic warehouse that handles the processed materials by pallet unit because the waste materials that have been subjected to the fermentative decomposition treatment are further fermented and decomposed by adding appropriate secondary materials. Initial fermentation decomposition treatment Committed to it can be.
[0045]
Furthermore, the processing residue generated in the centralized secondary processing facility can be produced in a large amount and stably compared to the temporarily processed product obtained by the temporary processing equipment, and a large-scale centralized secondary processing facility can be produced locally. Since it is suitable for installation management of large-scale organizations such as local governments, it is easy to finalize and utilize the processing residue generated in the centralized secondary processing facility. Compared to the case where the processing residue generated in small-scale processing equipment installed at each time must be individually finalized or effectively used, it is possible to use environmentally friendly final processing and composting that do not rely on landfill or incineration. Effective reuse becomes easy.
[0046]
In particular, according to the method of the present invention, unprocessed waste that has not been subjected to primary treatment, such as industrial waste, can be received from a large-scale office or the like even in a centralized secondary treatment facility, and can be treated together with the primary treated product. However, this untreated waste can be classified by type, and the untreated waste can be added to the primary treated material at an appropriate ratio for each type and stirred to perform secondary treatment. Not only can the mixing ratio of untreated waste be adjusted so that the fermentation decomposition in the equipment can be carried out well, but when the final processed material is used as a composted processed material, the nutrient ratio is the final use of compost It is also possible to adjust the ratio so as to be suitable for the above.
[0047]
Further, according to the method of the present invention as set forth in claim 2, when recovering the contents from the fermentation decomposition tank of each primary treatment apparatus, an appropriate amount of the contents left in the fermentation decomposition tank is subsequently introduced. It becomes a flooring material that promotes the fermentative decomposition of waste such as garbage, and it is easier to continue good fermentation and decomposition processing in the temporary processing device than to collect all the contents from the fermentation decomposition tank of each primary processing device . In this case, according to the structure of Claim 3, what is necessary is just to carry out the content automatically discharged | emitted by the portable container in the case of the content collection | recovery from the fermentation decomposition tank of each primary processing apparatus. Compared with the case where a predetermined amount of contents must be taken out directly from the inside, not only can the recovery work be performed easily and efficiently, but also a predetermined amount can be reliably left in the fermentation cracking tank. There is no adverse effect on the processing.
[0048]
Further, according to the configuration of the fourth aspect, the operation state of all the primary processing devices can be centrally managed in the central management device, and at least when an abnormality occurs in the operation state, the central management device side It is possible to grasp such a situation, notify the installation location of the primary processing apparatus of the abnormal situation and a coping method, or go to the installation location of the primary processing apparatus to deal with it. Therefore, it is not necessary to require complete maintenance management of the primary processing device on the side where the garbage such as household waste is installed, which is the installation location of the primary processing device, and the installation and spread of the primary processing device is promoted. I can do it.
[0049]
Claim 5According to the configuration described in the above, since the processed material in the pallet in which the secondary processing has passed for a predetermined period is circulated in addition to the recovered material from each primary processing device, the recovered material from each primary processing device, etc. In this centralized secondary treatment facility, it is possible to promote the fermentative decomposition of waste newly treated as a flooring material to be treated after a predetermined period of time for secondary treatment. Of course, this is particularly effective when the purpose is to reduce and eliminate waste.
[0050]
Claim 6According to the configuration described in, it is possible to efficiently utilize a three-dimensional automatic warehouse in the case of composting waste, compared to the case of producing fully-ripened compost in a centralized secondary treatment facility. I can do it.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an entire waste treatment system when a method of the present invention is carried out.
FIGS. 2A and 2B are diagrams illustrating a configuration of a temporary processing device, in which FIG. A is a vertical side view of the temporary processing device, and FIG. B is a vertical front view of the temporary processing device.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a workpiece receiving department of a centralized secondary processing facility.
FIG. 4 is a side view showing the stirring means and sieving means of the centralized secondary processing facility.
FIG. 5 shows a three-dimensional automatic warehouse of a centralized secondary processing facility, wherein FIG. A is a longitudinal front view, and FIG. B is a longitudinal side view.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Primary processing equipment
2 Centralized secondary processing equipment
3-5 collection vehicle
6 Stirring means
7 Fermentation decomposition tank
12 Workpiece input port with open / close lid
13 Automatic discharge means
16 Normally closed lid
18 Transportable container
22 Operating state detection device
24 Weight detection sensor
34 Transmission means
33 Centralized management device
38A-38C Input hopper
39A-39C Storage hopper
38a to 38c, 43 Conveying means
40 Stirring means
41 Screening means
42 3D automated warehouse
46 Spiral blade for stirring and feeding
47 Openable / closable outlet
49 Cylindrical sieve
51 Shooting chute
52 Chute for discharging sieve residue
53 Chute for removing processed material
54 Conveyor with variable transport direction
55 Lift Carriage
56 Pallet transfer means
57 Pallet loading / unloading device
58 Pallet support section
59A, 59B shelf
60, 67, 68 pallets
61 Pallet support for filling workpiece
62 Processing object turning means
63,66 conveyor
64 Pallet grip reversing device
65 hopper

Claims

A waste treatment method using a waste treatment system provided with a plurality of primary treatment devices and centralized secondary treatment equipment, each primary treatment device having a fermentation decomposition tank equipped with stirring means, Installed in each area where garbage or other waste is generated or in a specific area including multiple places where waste such as garbage is generated, the centralized secondary treatment facility handles the objects to be processed in units of pallets. It is equipped with storage shelves and pallet loading / unloading equipment for the shelves, and in the fermentation decomposition tank of each primary processing unit, waste materials are added with auxiliary materials to adjust air permeability, moisture, and promote fermentation decomposition. performs primary processing to stir fermenting decomposition things, from the respective primary processor fermentation decomposition vessel contents were recovered and transferred into the centralized secondary treatment facility, prior Symbol harvest in this intensive secondary treatment facility added and stirred another untreated waste In the waste treatment method was received into the shelf to accommodate an object to be processed on the pallet, the secondary treatment of further fermenting decompose an object to be processed in the palette performed, the centralized secondary treatment facility, the untreated waste A plurality of hoppers are provided to sort the items by type, and untreated waste taken out from each of these hoppers at an appropriate ratio is added to the collected material from each primary processing apparatus and stirred to perform secondary processing. to, waste treatment method.

A waste treatment method using a waste treatment system provided with a plurality of primary treatment devices and centralized secondary treatment equipment, each primary treatment device having a fermentation decomposition tank equipped with stirring means, Installed in each area where garbage or other waste is generated or in a specific area including multiple places where waste such as garbage is generated, the centralized secondary treatment facility handles the objects to be processed in units of pallets. It is equipped with storage shelves and pallet loading / unloading equipment for the shelves, and in the fermentation decomposition tank of each primary processing unit, waste materials are added with auxiliary materials to adjust air permeability, moisture, and promote fermentation decomposition. A primary treatment is performed to stir and decompose the product, and the contents of the fermentation cracking tank are collected from each primary treatment device and transferred to a centralized secondary treatment facility. Add untreated waste and stir In a waste treatment method for performing a secondary treatment in which a workpiece is stored in a pallet, stored in a shelf, and further subjected to fermentation decomposition of the workpiece in the pallet, the contents from the fermentation decomposition tank of each primary treatment device A waste disposal method characterized by leaving an appropriate amount of contents in a fermentation cracking tank when collecting materials.

Each primary processing device is provided with a discharge means for automatically discharging contents exceeding a certain capacity in the fermentation decomposition tank, and a portable container for receiving the contents automatically discharged from the discharge means. The waste disposal method according to 2.

Each primary treatment device in the waste treatment system is provided with an operating state detection device and a transmission means for transmitting detection information of the detection device, and information transmitted from the transmission means of each primary treatment device is provided. The waste disposal method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a centralized management device that receives and monitors the operating state of all primary treatment devices is provided.

The centralized secondary processing facility circulates the processed material in the pallet in which the secondary processing has passed for a predetermined time in addition to the recovered material from each primary processing device. The waste disposal method described.

The waste treatment method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in the centralized secondary treatment facility, an unfinished secondary treatment product in the pallet is carried out as a composted treatment product .