JP3543755B2 - Surface coated high-speed tool steel gear cutting tool with excellent chip lubrication property with a hard coating layer - Google Patents
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Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、硬質被覆層が切粉に対してすぐれた潤滑性を発揮し、したがって特にきわめて粘性が高く、かつ切粉が切刃表面に溶着し易い低合金鋼や軟鋼などの難削材からなる歯車の高速歯切加工に用いた場合にも、切刃に欠けやチッピング（微小欠け）などの発生なく、すぐれた切削性能を長期に亘って発揮する表面被覆高速度工具鋼製歯切工具（以下、被覆歯切工具という）に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来、一般に、自動車や航空機、さらに各種駆動装置などの構造部材として各種歯車が用いられており、これら歯車の歯形の歯切加工にホブやピニオンカッタ、さらにシェービングカッタなどの歯切工具が用いられている。
また、上記の歯切工具として、例えば特開平７−３１０１７３号公報に記載されるように、高速度工具鋼基体の表面に、組成式：［Ｔｉ1-XＡｌX］Ｎおよび同［Ｔｉ1-XＡｌX］Ｃ1-mＮmで表わした場合、厚さ方向中央部のオージェ分光分析装置による測定で、原子比で、Ｘ：０．３０〜０．７０、ｍ：０．６〜０．９９を満足するＴｉとＡｌの複合窒化物［以下、（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎで示す］層およびＴｉとＡｌの複合炭窒化物［以下、（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）ＣＮで示す］層のうちのいずれか、または両方で構成された硬質被覆層を２〜１５μｍの平均層厚で物理蒸着してなる被覆歯切工具が広く知られている。
【０００３】
さらに、上記の従来被覆歯切工具が、例えば図１に概略説明図で示される物理蒸着装置の１種であるアークイオンプレーティング装置を用い、ヒータで装置内を、例えば雰囲気を２０ｍｔｏｒｒの真空として、５００℃の温度に加熱した状態で、アノード電極と所定組成を有するＴｉ−Ａｌ合金がセットされたカソード電極（蒸発源）との間に、例えば電圧：３５Ｖ、電流：９０Ａの条件でアーク放電を発生させ、同時に装置内に反応ガスとして窒素ガス、または窒素ガスとメタンガスを導入し、一方高速度工具鋼からなる基体（以下、単に基体ともいう）には、例えばー２００Ｖのバイアス電圧を印加した条件で、前記基体の表面に、上記の硬質被覆層を物理蒸着することにより製造されることも知られている。
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
近年の歯車加工装置のＦＡ化はめざましく、一方で歯切加工に対する省力化および省エネ化、さらに低コスト化の要求は強く、これに伴い、歯切工具には１種類の歯切工具でできるだけ多くの材種の歯切加工ができる汎用性が求められると共に、歯切加工も高速化の傾向にあるが、上記の従来被覆歯切工具においては、これを炭素鋼や鋳鉄などの通常の条件での歯切加工に用いた場合には問題はないが、これをきわめて粘性の高い低合金鋼や軟鋼などの歯車の高速歯切加工に用いた場合には、これら歯車の切粉は、硬質被覆層を構成する（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ層や（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）ＣＮ層に対する親和性が高いために、歯切工具の切刃表面に溶着し易く、この溶着現象は歯切加工が高速化すればするほど顕著に現れるようになり、この溶着現象が原因で切刃に欠けやチッピングが発生し、この結果比較的短時間で使用寿命に至るのが現状である。
【０００５】
【課題を解決するための手段】
そこで、本発明者等は、上述のような観点から、特に低合金鋼や軟鋼などの歯車の高速歯切加工に用いた場合にも、切刃表面に切粉の溶着し難い被覆歯切工具を開発すべく研究を行った結果、
（ａ）上記の従来被覆歯切工具の硬質被覆層を構成する（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ層および（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）ＣＮ層に、ＴｉとＡｌとの合量に占める割合で、かつ厚さ方向中央部をオージェ分光分析装置で測定して、原子比で、０．０１〜０．３５の割合のＴａを固溶含有させると、この結果のＴｉとＡｌとＴａの複合窒化物［以下、（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ，Ｔａ）Ｎで示す］層およびＴｉとＡｌとＴａの複合炭窒化物［以下、（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ，Ｔａ）ＣＮで示す］層で硬質被覆層を構成すると、この硬質被覆層は、Ｔａの作用で被削材、特に低合金鋼や軟鋼などの粘性の高い難削材に対する親和性が著しく低くなって、高い切粉潤滑性をもつようになるため、切粉が切刃に溶着することが著しく抑制されるようになるが、反面前記（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ層および（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）ＣＮ層の具備していたすぐれた靭性が損なわれるようになること。
【０００６】
（ｂ）一方、上記従来被覆歯切工具の硬質被覆層の構成層である（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ層および（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）ＣＮ層と上記（ａ）の（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ，Ｔａ）Ｎ層および（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ，Ｔａ）ＣＮ層とを個々の層厚をきわめて薄くした状態、すなわち０．００５〜０．２μｍの平均層厚とした状態で、これら両層を交互積層させて硬質被覆層を構成すると、この硬質被覆層は前記両層による薄膜化交互積層構造によってそれぞれの層のもつ問題点、すなわち（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ層および（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）ＣＮ層（以下、第１薄層という）のもつ切粉に対する高い親和性および（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ，Ｔａ）Ｎ層および（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ，Ｔａ）ＣＮ層（以下、第２薄層という）のもつ低靭性が相互に消失し合い、前記第１薄層のもつすぐれた靭性と前記第２薄層のもつすぐれた切粉潤滑性を具備するようになることから、この結果の被覆歯切工具は、これを特に低合金鋼や軟鋼などの粘性の高い難削材からなる歯車の高速歯切加工に用いても、切刃に欠けやチッピングの発生がなくなり、長期に亘ってすぐれた切削性能を発揮するようになること。
以上（ａ）および（ｂ）に示される研究結果を得たのである。
【０００７】
この発明は、上記の研究結果に基づいてなされたものであって、
高速度工具鋼基体の表面に、２〜１５μｍの全体平均層厚で物理蒸着した硬質被覆層が、個々の平均層厚が０．００５〜０．２μｍの第１薄層と第２薄層の交互積層からなり、
上記第１薄層を、組成式：［Ｔｉ1-XＡｌX］Ｎおよび同［Ｔｉ1-XＡｌX］Ｃ1-mＮmで表わした場合、厚さ方向中央部のオージェ分光分析装置による測定で、原子比で、Ｘ：０．３０〜０．７０、ｍ：０．６〜０．９９を満足する（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ層および（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）ＣＮ層のうちのいずれか、または両方で構成し、
上記第２薄層を、組成式：［Ｔｉ1-(X+Y)ＡｌXＴａY］Ｎおよび同［Ｔｉ1-(X+Y)ＡｌXＴａY］Ｃ1-mＮmで表わした場合、厚さ方向中央部のオージェ分光分析装置による測定で、原子比で、Ｘ：０．３０〜０．７０、Ｙ：０．０１〜０．３５、ｍ：０．６〜０．９９を満足する（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ，Ｔａ）Ｎ層および（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ，Ｔａ）ＣＮ層のうちのいずれか、または両方で構成してなる、
硬質被覆層がすぐれた切粉潤滑性を有する被覆歯切工具に特徴を有するものである。
【０００８】
なお、この発明の被覆歯切工具において、硬質被覆層の交互積層を構成する第１薄層および第２薄層の個々の平均層厚をそれぞれ０．００５〜０．２μｍとしたのは、いずれの薄層においても、その平均層厚が０．００５μｍ未満になると、それぞれの薄層のもつ特性、すなわち第１薄層によるすぐれた靭性、第２薄層によるすぐれた切粉潤滑性を硬質被覆層に十分満足に具備せしめることができず、一方その平均層厚がそれぞれ０．２μｍを越えると、それぞれの薄層のもつ問題点、すなわち第１薄層による切粉溶着性および第２薄層による靭性低下が硬質被覆層に現われるようになるという理由によるものであり、望ましくは０．００７〜０．１０μｍとするのがよい。
【０００９】
また、この発明の被覆歯切工具において、硬質被覆層の第１薄層を構成する（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ層および（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）ＣＮ層、並びに同第２薄層を構成する（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ，Ｔａ）Ｎ層および（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ，Ｔａ）ＣＮ層におけるＡｌはＴｉＣＮに対して硬さを高め、もって耐摩耗性を向上させるために固溶するものであり、したがって組成式：（Ｔｉ1-XＡｌX）Ｎおよび同（Ｔｉ1-XＡｌX）Ｃ1-mＮm、並びに組成式：［Ｔｉ1-(X+Y)ＡｌXＴａY］Ｎおよび同［Ｔｉ1-(X+Y)ＡｌXＴａY］Ｃ1-mＮmのＸ値が原子比（以下同じ）で、０．３未満では所望の耐摩耗性を確保することができず、一方その値が０．７を越えると、切刃に欠けやチッピングが発生し易くなると云う理由によりＸ値を０．３〜０．７と定めた。望ましくはＸ値を０．３５〜０．６５とするのがよい。
【００１０】
また、上記の（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）ＣＮ層および（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ，Ｔａ）ＣＮ層におけるＣ成分には、硬さを向上させる作用があるので、（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）ＣＮ層および（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ，Ｔａ）ＣＮ層は上記（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ層および（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ，Ｔａ）Ｎ層に比してそれぞれ相対的に高い硬さをもつが、この場合上記の組成式におけるＣ成分の割合が０．０１未満、すなわちｍ値が０．９９を越えると所定の硬さ向上効果が得られず、一方Ｃ成分の割合が０．４を越える、すなわちｍ値が０．６未満になると靭性が急激に低下するようになることから、ｍ値を０．６〜０．９９と定めた。望ましくはｍ値を０．８〜０．９とするのがよい。
【００１１】
さらに、上記の第２薄層を構成する（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ，Ｔａ）Ｎ層および（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ，Ｔａ）ＣＮ層は、上記の第１薄層の（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ層および（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）ＣＮ層に比してＴａの作用ですぐれた切粉潤滑性をもつようになるが、上記の組成式でＹ値が０．０１未満ではＴａの固溶含有が不充分で所定の切粉潤滑性向上効果を硬質被覆層に具備せしめることができず、一方Ｙ値が０．３５を越えると、急激に靭性が低下し、この靭性低下は硬質被覆層全体に顕著に現れるようになることから、Ｙ値を０．０１〜０．３５と定めた。望ましくはＹ値を０．０７〜０．３０とするのがよい。
【００１２】
また、硬質被覆層の全体平均層厚を２〜１５μｍとしたのは、その層厚が２μｍでは所望のすぐれた耐摩耗性を確保することができず、一方その層厚が１５μｍを越えると、切刃に欠けやチッピングが発生し易くなるという理由によるものであり、望ましくは３〜１０μｍとするのがよい。
【００１３】
【発明の実施の形態】
つぎに、この発明の被覆歯切工具を実施例により具体的に説明する。
高速度工具鋼基体として、材質がＪＩＳ・ＳＫＨ５５からなり、ＪＩＳ・Ｂ４３５４に定める外形：６０ｍｍ×全長：６０ｍｍの寸法（モジュ―ル：２）をもった歯車用１条ホブと、同じく材質がＪＩＳ・ＳＫＨ５５で構成され、ＪＩＳ・Ｂ４３５６に定める歯数：５０，ピッチ円直径：１００ｍｍ（モジュ―ル：２）のピニオンカッタを用意し、これら高速度工具鋼基体を、アセトン中で超音波洗浄し、乾燥した状態で、それぞれ図１に例示される通常のアークイオンプレーティング装置に装入し、一方カソード電極（蒸発源）として、種々の成分組成をもった第１薄層形成用Ｔｉ−Ａｌ合金と第２薄層形成用Ｔｉ−Ａｌ―Ｔａ合金のうちから、それぞれ所定の成分組成の合金を所定の組み合わせで選び出し、これを回転円板上に回転軸を中心にしてそれぞれが対局した位置に装着し、装置内を排気して０．５Ｐａの真空に保持しながら、ヒーターで装置内を５００℃に加熱した後、Ａｒガスを装置内に導入して１０ＰａのＡｒ雰囲気とし、この状態で形成する層厚に対応して前記回転軸を所定時間経過毎に断続的に回転し、一方基体には−８００ｖのバイアス電圧を印加して基体表面をＡｒガスボンバート洗浄し、ついで装置内に反応ガスとして窒素ガス、または窒素ガスとメタンガスを導入して６Ｐａの反応雰囲気とすると共に、前記基体に印加するバイアス電圧を−２００ｖに下げて、前記カソード電極(前記回転円板上の片方の合金)とアノード電極との間にアーク放電を発生させ、もって前記基体の表面に、表１に示される目標組成および目標層厚の第１薄層と第２薄層とを表２に示される組み合わせで、かつ同じく表２に示される交互積層数からなる硬質被覆層を蒸着することにより、本発明被覆歯切工具１〜１３をそれぞれ製造した。
【００１４】
また、比較の目的で、同じく上記のアークイオンプレーティング装置にて、カソード電極（蒸発源）として、種々の成分組成をもったＴｉ−Ａｌ合金のうちの所定の１種を装着する以外は同一の条件で、上記基体の表面に表３に示される通りの目標組成および目標層厚の（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ層および／または（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）ＣＮ層で構成された硬質被覆層を蒸着することにより、従来被覆歯切工具１〜１２をそれぞれ製造した。
【００１５】
なお、この結果得られた本発明被覆歯切工具１〜１３および従来被覆歯切工具１〜１２を構成するそれぞれの硬質被覆層について、これの構成層個々の厚さ方向中央部の組成をオージェ分光分析装置を用いて測定し、さらにその層厚を走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて測定したところ、いずれの場合も目標組成および目標層厚と実質的に同じ組成および層厚を示した。
【００１６】
つぎに、上記本発明被覆歯切工具１〜１３および従来被覆歯切工具１〜１２のうち、ホブについては、
切削速度（回転速度）：２００ｍ／ｍｉｎ（１０６２ｒｐｍ）、
送り：２．０ｍｍ／ｒｅｖ、
の高速切削条件で、外径：１００ｍｍ×長さ：２５ｍｍ×歯数：４８本の寸法をもち、かつ材質がＪＩＳ・ＳＣｒ４２０の低合金鋼からなる歯車の歯切加工を行ない、またピニオンカッタについては、
ストローク数：７５０ストローク／ｍｉｎ、
円周送り：４ｍｍ／ストローク、
半径送り：０．０１ｍｍ／ストローク、
の高速切削条件で、外径：６６ｍｍ×長さ：２５ｍｍ×歯数：３１の寸法をもち、かつ材質がＪＩＳ・ＳＣｒ４２０の低合金鋼からなる歯車の歯切加工を行ない、切刃の最大逃げ面摩耗が０．０２ｍｍに至る（使用寿命）までの歯車加工数を測定した。この測定結果をそれぞれ表２、３に示した。なお、表２、３の歯車加工数の欄の※印はウエット加工（切削油使用）の結果を示し、無印はドライ加工（エアーブロー）の結果を示す。
【００１７】
【表１】
【表２】
【表３】
【発明の効果】
表２、３に示される結果から、硬質被覆層が第１薄層と第２薄層の交互多重積層からなる本発明被覆歯切工具１〜１３は、いずれも低合金鋼の歯切加工を高い発熱を伴う高速で行っても、前記第２薄層による切粉潤滑性の著しい向上によって硬質被覆層に対する高温加熱の切粉の親和性がきわめて低くなり、切粉が前記硬質被覆層に溶着することがなく、切刃は常にすぐれた表面潤滑性を維持することから、切刃への切粉溶着が原因のチッピングが切刃に発生することがなく、すぐれた耐摩耗性を発揮するのに対して、実質的に硬質被覆層が前記第１薄層と同じ組成の単一層からなる従来被覆歯切工具１〜１２においては、切粉が硬質被覆層に溶着し易く、これが原因で硬質被覆層が局部的に剥がし取られることから、切刃にチッピングが発生し、比較的短時間で使用寿命に至ることが明らかである。
上述のように、この発明の被覆歯切工具は、炭素鋼や鋳鉄などの歯車の通常の条件での歯切加工は勿論のこと、特に粘性が高く、切粉が切刃表面に溶着し易い低合金鋼や軟鋼などの歯車の高速歯切加工でも切粉に対してすぐれた表面潤滑性を発揮し、汎用性のある切削性能を示すものであるから、歯車加工装置のＦＡ化並びに歯切加工の省力化および省エネ化、さらに低コスト化に十分満足に対応できるものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】アークイオンプレーティング装置の概略説明図である。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
According to the present invention, a hard coating layer exhibits excellent lubricity to chips, and therefore, is particularly difficult to cut from low-alloy steel and mild steel, such as low alloy steel and mild steel, which are extremely highly viscous and easily adhere to the cutting blade surface. Even when used for high-speed gear cutting of gears, surface-coated high-speed tool steel gear cutting tools that exhibit excellent cutting performance over a long period of time without chipping or chipping (small chipping) on the cutting edge. (Hereinafter referred to as a coated tooth cutting tool).
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, in general, various gears are used as structural members of automobiles, aircraft, and various driving devices, and a hob, a pinion cutter, and a gear cutting tool such as a shaving cutter are used for cutting the tooth shape of these gears. ing.
Further, as described above, for example, as described in JP-A-7-310173, a composition formula: [Ti 1-X Al X ] N and [Ti 1 -X Al x ] C 1-m N m , when measured by an Auger spectrometer at the center in the thickness direction, X: 0.30 to 0.70, m: 0.6 to Of the composite nitride layer of Ti and Al [hereinafter, referred to as (Ti, Al) N] and the layer of composite carbonitride of Ti and Al [hereinafter, referred to as (Ti, Al) CN] satisfying 0.99 A coated tooth cutting tool formed by physical vapor deposition of a hard coating layer composed of any one or both of them with an average layer thickness of 2 to 15 μm is widely known.
[0003]
Further, the above-mentioned conventional coated tooth cutting tool uses, for example, an arc ion plating apparatus which is a kind of a physical vapor deposition apparatus schematically shown in FIG. 1, and the inside of the apparatus is heated to a vacuum of, for example, 20 mtorr by a heater. And an arc discharge between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode (evaporation source) on which a Ti-Al alloy having a predetermined composition is set, for example, at a voltage of 35 V and a current of 90 A while being heated to a temperature of 500 ° C. At the same time, nitrogen gas or nitrogen gas and methane gas are introduced into the apparatus as a reaction gas, and a bias voltage of, for example, -200 V is applied to a base made of high-speed tool steel (hereinafter simply referred to as base). It is also known that the hard coating layer is manufactured by physical vapor deposition on the surface of the base under the conditions described above.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In recent years, FA gears have been remarkably adopted as FA gears. On the other hand, there is a strong demand for saving power and energy and reducing costs for gear cutting, and accordingly, a single gear cutting tool requires as much as possible. While the versatility that can perform the hobbing of the grade of the material is required, the hobbing also tends to be faster, but in the above-mentioned conventional coated hobbing tool, this is performed under normal conditions such as carbon steel or cast iron. There is no problem when using this for gear cutting, but when this is used for high-speed gear cutting of gears such as extremely viscous low alloy steel and mild steel, the chips of these gears are hard coated. Due to the high affinity for the (Ti, Al) N layer and the (Ti, Al) CN layer constituting the layer, it is easy to weld to the cutting blade surface of the gear cutting tool. The more it becomes, the more noticeable it becomes. In chipping or chipping occurs in the cutting edge, the reach this result relatively short time service life at present.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In view of the above, the present inventors have developed a coated tooth cutting tool in which chips are not easily deposited on the cutting edge surface even when used for high-speed gear cutting of gears such as low alloy steel and mild steel. As a result of conducting research to develop
(A) In the (Ti, Al) N layer and the (Ti, Al) CN layer constituting the hard coating layer of the above-mentioned conventional coated tooth cutting tool, in the ratio of the total amount of Ti and Al, and in the thickness direction. When the central part is measured by an Auger spectroscopic analyzer and Ta is contained as a solid solution in an atomic ratio of 0.01 to 0.35, the composite nitride of Ti, Al, and Ta [hereinafter, (( Ti, Al, Ta) N] layer and a complex carbonitride of Ti, Al, and Ta [hereinafter, (Ti, Al, Ta) CN] layers constitute a hard coating layer. Because of the effect of Ta, the affinity for work materials, especially high-viscosity difficult-to-cut materials such as low alloy steel and mild steel, is significantly reduced, and high chip lubrication is achieved. Although the welding is significantly suppressed, the (Ti, Al) N layer and the (T , Al) to become that as good toughness was equipped for CN layer is impaired.
[0006]
(B) On the other hand, the (Ti, Al) N layer and (Ti, Al) CN layer which are constituent layers of the hard coating layer of the conventional coated tooth cutting tool and the (Ti, Al, Ta) N layer of (a) And the (Ti, Al, Ta) CN layer in a state where the individual layer thickness is extremely thin, that is, in a state where the average layer thickness is 0.005 to 0.2 μm, these two layers are alternately laminated to form a hard coating layer. In this case, the hard coating layer has the problems of the respective layers due to the thinned alternately laminated structure of the two layers, that is, the (Ti, Al) N layer and the (Ti, Al) CN layer (hereinafter, referred to as a first thin layer). ) And the low toughness of the (Ti, Al, Ta) N layer and the (Ti, Al, Ta) CN layer (hereinafter, referred to as a second thin layer) mutually disappear, The superior toughness of the first thin layer and the excellent toughness of the second thin layer Because of its excellent chip lubrication, the resulting coated gear cutting tool is used especially for high-speed gear cutting of gears made of highly viscous and difficult-to-cut materials such as low alloy steel and mild steel. Even so, chipping and chipping of the cutting edge will not occur, and excellent cutting performance will be exhibited over a long period of time.
The research results shown in (a) and (b) above were obtained.
[0007]
The present invention has been made based on the above research results,
On the surface of the high-speed tool steel substrate, a hard coating layer physically vapor-deposited with a total average layer thickness of 2 to 15 μm is formed of a first thin layer and a second thin layer each having an average layer thickness of 0.005 to 0.2 μm. Consists of alternating layers,
The first thin layer, the composition formula: [Ti 1-X Al X ] N and the [Ti 1-X Al X] C 1-m N when expressed in m, Auger spectroscopy apparatus in the thickness direction central portion One of the (Ti, Al) N layer and the (Ti, Al) CN layer satisfying X: 0.30 to 0.70 and m: 0.6 to 0.99 by atomic ratio , Or both,
The second thin layer was represented by the composition formulas: [Ti 1- (X + Y) Al X Ta Y ] N and [Ti 1- (X + Y) Al X Ta Y ] C 1-m N m In the case, X: 0.30 to 0.70, Y: 0.01 to 0.35, and m: 0.6 to 0.99 in atomic ratio, as measured by an Auger spectrometer at the center in the thickness direction. A (Ti, Al, Ta) N layer and / or a (Ti, Al, Ta) CN layer that satisfies
The present invention is characterized by a coated tooth cutting tool in which a hard coating layer has excellent chip lubrication.
[0008]
In the coated tooth cutting tool of the present invention, the average thickness of each of the first thin layer and the second thin layer constituting the alternate lamination of the hard coating layer is set to 0.005 to 0.2 μm, respectively. When the average thickness of the thin layers is less than 0.005 μm, the characteristics of the respective thin layers, that is, the excellent toughness of the first thin layer and the excellent chip lubrication of the second thin layer, are hard coated. If the layers cannot be sufficiently satisfactorily prepared, on the other hand, if their average layer thickness exceeds 0.2 μm each, the problems associated with each of the thin layers, namely the chip adhesion by the first thin layer and the second thin layer, This is because the toughness is reduced in the hard coating layer, and the thickness is desirably 0.007 to 0.10 μm.
[0009]
Further, in the coated tooth cutting tool of the present invention, the (Ti, Al) N layer and the (Ti, Al) CN layer constituting the first thin layer of the hard coating layer, and the (Ti, Al) layer constituting the second thin layer of the hard coating layer. Al in the Al, Ta) N layer and the (Ti, Al, Ta) CN layer increases the hardness with respect to TiCN and thus forms a solid solution in order to improve the wear resistance. Therefore, the composition formula: (Ti 1-X Al x ) N and (Ti 1-x Al x ) C 1-m N m , and the composition formula: [Ti 1- (X + Y) Al x Ta Y ] N and the same [Ti 1- ( X + Y) Al X Ta Y ] C 1-m N X values atomic ratio m (hereinafter the same), is less than 0.3 can not be ensured the desired abrasion resistance, whereas its value 0 When the value exceeds 0.7, the X value is set to 0.3 to 0.7 for the reason that chipping or chipping is likely to occur in the cutting blade. Desirably, the X value is set to 0.35 to 0.65.
[0010]
The C component in the (Ti, Al) CN layer and the (Ti, Al, Ta) CN layer has an effect of improving the hardness, so that the (Ti, Al) CN layer and the (Ti, Al, CN) The Ta) CN layer has relatively higher hardness than the (Ti, Al) N layer and the (Ti, Al, Ta) N layer, respectively. In this case, the ratio of the C component in the above composition formula is When the value is less than 0.01, that is, when the m value exceeds 0.99, the predetermined hardness improving effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when the ratio of the C component exceeds 0.4, that is, when the m value is less than 0.6, the toughness is reduced. The value of m was determined to be 0.6 to 0.99 because the value suddenly decreased. Desirably, the value of m is set to 0.8 to 0.9.
[0011]
Further, the (Ti, Al, Ta) N layer and the (Ti, Al, Ta) CN layer constituting the second thin layer correspond to the (Ti, Al) N layer and the (Ti, Al) layer of the first thin layer. Al) The chip has excellent chip lubricity due to the action of Ta as compared with the CN layer. However, if the Y value is less than 0.01 in the above composition formula, the solid solution content of Ta is insufficient and the predetermined chip The effect of improving powder lubricity cannot be imparted to the hard coating layer. On the other hand, when the Y value exceeds 0.35, the toughness is rapidly reduced, and this reduction in toughness becomes noticeable in the entire hard coating layer. Therefore, the Y value was determined to be 0.01 to 0.35. Desirably, the Y value is set to 0.07 to 0.30.
[0012]
In addition, the reason why the total average layer thickness of the hard coating layer is 2 to 15 μm is that if the layer thickness is 2 μm, it is not possible to secure desired excellent wear resistance, while if the layer thickness exceeds 15 μm, This is because chipping and chipping easily occur in the cutting blade, and the thickness is desirably 3 to 10 μm.
[0013]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Next, the coated tooth cutting tool of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples.
As a high-speed tool steel substrate, a single-gear hob for gears having a dimension of 60 mm x an overall length of 60 mm (module: 2), made of JIS SKH55 and having a dimension of 60 mm x total length of 60 mm as defined in JIS B4354, is also made of JIS. · A pinion cutter composed of SKH55 and having the number of teeth specified in JIS B4356: 50 and pitch circle diameter: 100 mm (module: 2) is prepared, and these high-speed tool steel substrates are ultrasonically cleaned in acetone. In a dry state, each was charged into a normal arc ion plating apparatus as illustrated in FIG. 1, and on the other hand, as a cathode electrode (evaporation source), Ti-Al for forming a first thin layer having various component compositions was used. From the alloy and the Ti-Al-Ta alloy for forming the second thin layer, an alloy having a predetermined component composition is selected in a predetermined combination, and the rotation axis is set on a rotary disk. Each of them was mounted at a position where each of them was played, and the inside of the apparatus was evacuated and maintained at a vacuum of 0.5 Pa, and the inside of the apparatus was heated to 500 ° C. with a heater. The rotation axis is intermittently rotated every predetermined time in accordance with the thickness of the layer formed in this state, and a bias voltage of -800 V is applied to the substrate to cause the surface of the substrate to be an Ar gas bombardment. After washing, nitrogen gas or nitrogen gas and methane gas were introduced into the apparatus as a reaction gas to make a reaction atmosphere of 6 Pa, and a bias voltage applied to the substrate was lowered to -200 V. An arc discharge is generated between one of the alloys on the disk) and the anode electrode, and the first thin layer and the second thin layer having the target composition and the target layer thickness shown in Table 1 are formed on the surface of the base. In combination shown in Table 2, and also by depositing a hard coating layer consisting of alternating stacked numbers shown in Table 2, the present invention coated gear cutting tools 1 to 13 were prepared, respectively.
[0014]
For the purpose of comparison, in the same manner as above, the arc ion plating apparatus was the same except that a predetermined one of Ti-Al alloys having various component compositions was mounted as a cathode electrode (evaporation source). Under the above conditions, a hard coating layer composed of a (Ti, Al) N layer and / or a (Ti, Al) CN layer having a target composition and a target layer thickness as shown in Table 3 is deposited on the surface of the substrate. Thereby, the conventional coated tooth cutting tools 1 to 12 were manufactured respectively.
[0015]
For each of the hard coating layers constituting the coated tooth cutting tools 1 to 13 of the present invention and the conventional coated tooth cutting tools 1 to 12 obtained as a result, the composition of each central layer in the thickness direction of each of the constituent layers is Auger. The thickness was measured using a spectrophotometer, and the layer thickness was measured using a scanning electron microscope. In each case, the target composition and the target layer thickness were substantially the same.
[0016]
Next, among the above-described coated tooth cutting tools 1 to 13 of the present invention and the conventional coated tooth cutting tools 1 to 12, for the hob,
Cutting speed (rotation speed): 200 m / min (1062 rpm),
Feed: 2.0 mm / rev,
Under the high-speed cutting conditions described above, gears made of low-alloy steel with outer diameter: 100 mm x length: 25 mm x number of teeth: 48 and made of JIS / SCr420 are made, and pinion cutters are used. Is
Number of strokes: 750 strokes / min,
Circumferential feed: 4mm / stroke,
Radial feed: 0.01mm / stroke,
Under high-speed cutting conditions, gears with dimensions of 66 mm in outer diameter, 25 mm in length, 25 teeth, 31 teeth and made of low alloy steel of JIS / SCr420 are used for gear cutting, and the maximum clearance of the cutting edge The number of gears processed until the surface wear reached 0.02 mm (service life) was measured. The measurement results are shown in Tables 2 and 3, respectively. In Tables 2 and 3, * in the column of the number of gears processed indicates the result of wet processing (using cutting oil), and no mark indicates the result of dry processing (air blow).
[0017]
[Table 1]
[Table 2]
[Table 3]
【The invention's effect】
From the results shown in Tables 2 and 3, the coated tooth cutting tools 1 to 13 of the present invention in which the hard coating layer is composed of alternating multiple layers of the first thin layer and the second thin layer all perform the cutting of low alloy steel. Even at high speed with high heat generation, the affinity of the high-temperature heated chips to the hard coating layer becomes extremely low due to the remarkable improvement in chip lubrication by the second thin layer, and the chips are welded to the hard coating layer. The cutting edge maintains excellent lubricity at all times, so that chipping due to chip welding to the cutting edge does not occur on the cutting edge and exhibits excellent wear resistance. On the other hand, in the conventional coated tooth cutting tools 1 to 12 in which the hard coating layer is substantially composed of a single layer having the same composition as the first thin layer, chips are easily welded to the hard coating layer, which causes Chipping occurs on the cutting edge because the coating layer is peeled off locally. And, it is apparent that lead to a relatively short time service life.
As described above, the coated tooth cutting tool according to the present invention is not only gear cutting under normal conditions for gears such as carbon steel or cast iron, but also has a particularly high viscosity, and the cutting powder easily adheres to the cutting blade surface. It exhibits excellent surface lubricity against chips and high versatility in high-speed gear cutting of low alloy steel and mild steel gears. It can sufficiently and satisfactorily cope with labor saving and energy saving of processing, and furthermore, cost reduction.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory view of an arc ion plating apparatus.
Claims (1)
上記第１薄層を、組成式：［Ｔｉ1-XＡｌX］Ｎおよび同［Ｔｉ1-XＡｌX］Ｃ1-mＮmで表わした場合、厚さ方向中央部のオージェ分光分析装置による測定で、原子比で、Ｘ：０．３０〜０．７０、ｍ：０．６〜０．９９を満足するＴｉとＡｌの複合窒化物およびＴｉとＡｌの複合炭窒化物のうちのいずれか、または両方で構成し、
上記第２薄層を、組成式：［Ｔｉ1-(X+Y)ＡｌXＴａY］Ｎおよび同［Ｔｉ1-(X+Y)ＡｌXＴａY］Ｃ1-mＮmで表わした場合、厚さ方向中央部のオージェ分光分析装置による測定で、原子比で、Ｘ：０．３０〜０．７０、Ｙ：０．０１〜０．３５、ｍ：０．６〜０．９９を満足するＴｉとＡｌとＴａの複合窒化物およびＴｉとＡｌとＴａの複合炭窒化物のうちのいずれか、または両方で構成したこと、
を特徴とする硬質被覆層がすぐれた切粉潤滑性を有する表面被覆高速度工具鋼製歯切工具。On the surface of the high-speed tool steel substrate, a hard coating layer physically vapor-deposited with a total average layer thickness of 2 to 15 μm is formed of a first thin layer and a second thin layer each having an average layer thickness of 0.005 to 0.2 μm. Consists of alternating layers,
The first thin layer, the composition formula: [Ti 1-X Al X ] N and the [Ti 1-X Al X] C 1-m N when expressed in m, Auger spectroscopy apparatus in the thickness direction central portion Of the composite nitrides of Ti and Al and the composite carbonitrides of Ti and Al satisfying X: 0.30 to 0.70 and m: 0.6 to 0.99 in atomic ratio by the measurement according to Or both,
The second thin layer was represented by the composition formulas: [Ti 1- (X + Y) Al X Ta Y ] N and [Ti 1- (X + Y) Al X Ta Y ] C 1-m N m In the case, X: 0.30 to 0.70, Y: 0.01 to 0.35, and m: 0.6 to 0.99 in atomic ratio, as measured by an Auger spectrometer at the center in the thickness direction. Sufficiently composed of one or both of a composite nitride of Ti, Al and Ta and a composite carbonitride of Ti, Al and Ta,
A surface-coated high-speed tool steel gear cutting tool characterized by having a hard coating layer having excellent chip lubrication.
Priority Applications (8)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000332675A JP3543755B2 (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2000-10-31 | Surface coated high-speed tool steel gear cutting tool with excellent chip lubrication property with a hard coating layer |
| TW090126973A TW554059B (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2001-10-31 | High-speed tool steel gear cutting tool and manufacturing method therefor |
| KR1020010067364A KR100869956B1 (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2001-10-31 | High speed tool steel gear cutting tool and manufacturing method therefor |
| EP06004512A EP1683875B1 (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2001-10-31 | High-speed tool steel gear cutting tool |
| EP01125422A EP1201776A3 (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2001-10-31 | High speed tool steel gear cutting tool and manufacturing method thereof |
| DE60142193T DE60142193D1 (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2001-10-31 | Tool for cutting gears made of high-speed steel |
| US09/984,716 US6811581B2 (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2001-10-31 | High-speed tool steel gear cutting tool and manufacturing method therefor |
| US10/458,228 US7074285B2 (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2003-06-11 | Manufacturing method for high-speed tool steel gear cutting tool |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| JP2000332675A JP3543755B2 (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2000-10-31 | Surface coated high-speed tool steel gear cutting tool with excellent chip lubrication property with a hard coating layer |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| JP2002137120A JP2002137120A (en) | 2002-05-14 |
| JP3543755B2 true JP3543755B2 (en) | 2004-07-21 |
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| JP4771198B2 (en) * | 2005-02-15 | 2011-09-14 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | Surface-coated cermet cutting tool with excellent wear resistance due to high-hardness coating in high-reactive work materials |
| AT8346U1 (en) * | 2005-04-29 | 2006-06-15 | Ceratitzit Austria Ges M B H | COATED TOOL |
| JP4720987B2 (en) * | 2005-07-08 | 2011-07-13 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | Surface-coated high-speed tool steel gear cutting tool with excellent wear resistance due to high-speed gear cutting of highly reactive work materials |
| JP4720990B2 (en) * | 2005-07-29 | 2011-07-13 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | Surface-coated cemented carbide cutting tool with excellent wear resistance due to high-speed gear cutting of highly reactive work materials |
| JP5416429B2 (en) * | 2009-02-17 | 2014-02-12 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Surface coated cutting tool |
| DE102012017731A1 (en) * | 2012-09-08 | 2014-03-13 | Oerlikon Trading Ag, Trübbach | Ti-Al-Ta based coating with improved temperature resistance |
| CN111565873B (en) | 2018-03-19 | 2023-01-10 | 住友电工硬质合金株式会社 | Surface-coated cutting tool |
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