JP3493099B2 - Seed integrated with growing material and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to seeds in which plant seeds are enclosed in a lump of soil and integrated with fertilizer components, soil conditioner components, etc., and particularly, in the state where a plurality of types of seeds are mixed. A seed integrated with a growth material that can be easily sprayed and that allows the nutrients required for plant growth to be supplied from pellets after the seed has germinated from the seed integrated with the growth material, and its production. Regarding the method.

[0002]

[Prior art and its problems] When seeding vegetables and grains in fields, etc., the field is cultivated to disperse fertilizer and make ridges, and the seeds are sown in holes and depressions provided in the ridges. The technique of multiplying is used. In addition, when planting seedlings without spraying seeds directly into the field, sow the seeds in a cultivation container such as a planter placed in a greenhouse etc., and after the seedlings of the plant grow to a certain size, And the method of planting seedlings in cultivated soil in greenhouses. Even in the greenhouses and fields, it is necessary to spray the fertilizer necessary for the growth of seedlings after the seeds have germinated, and the labor of spraying a relatively small amount of fertilizer is a great burden on the farmer.

Further, in the case of cultivating lawns and other plants on slopes such as slopes, a technique of mixing plant seeds with fertilizer components and spraying them is used. However, if the seeds of the plant are relatively large, it is relatively easy to spray them one by one by hand, but if the seeds are very small, such as poppy seeds, it is not possible to spray a fixed number of them by hand. It's very troublesome. In particular, it is difficult to evenly disperse small seeds such as lawn seeds using a machine such as a sowing machine, and variations in the growth of grass etc. occur. There is also the problem of.

In order to make a flower bloom in a wasteland, seeds with different flower seasons are sown at once so that the flowers of the four seasons can be enjoyed without any special care. Even when such flowers are cultivated, fertilizer is applied according to the season when the flowers bloom. However, when fertilizer is applied to the wasteland and flowers are cultivated as described above, it is possible to apply chemical fertilizer,
It is said to be advantageous in terms of the fertilizer application efficiency,
Dispersing a large amount of chemical fertilizers in a region such as a wasteland where there is little organic matter also causes problems such as acceleration of acidification of the land.

Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, it is troublesome to add fertilizer later by mixing seeds in a state in which they are dispersed in a fertilizer component and spraying the seeds formed into small particles in a field or the like. Is being considered. However, when the seed is mixed with the fertilizer component, the fertilizer component may cause a problem such as the influence of the seed, and the germination rate may not be good. Also,
In places such as wastelands where there are few plants and slopes such as slopes, the seeds and fertilizer components that have been sprayed may be washed away by rain, and the seeds and fertilizer components that remain retained on the slopes are extremely There is a case where the spraying efficiency is low and the spraying efficiency is not good. On the other hand, in order to protect the slopes with plants, it is necessary to spray extra seeds and fertilizers, which may affect the cost of greening the slopes. There is also concern about the impact on other plants and the natural environment, etc., due to the flow of various fertilizer components into rivers and the like.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned problem of plant seed cultivation, and the seed is mixed with soil to form a granular body so as not to be greatly affected by fertilizer components and the like. Seeds that are integrated with a growth material that protects and combines seeds such as soil conditioner components and fertilizer components with the integrated pellets so that seed sowing work can be done easily and the labor of spraying additional fertilizer can be saved. And a method for producing seeds integrated with a growth material.

[0007]

The first invention of the present invention is as follows:
Granules containing seeds created by mixing seeds in soil, pellets formed into a certain size of a mixture for cultivation in which fertilizer components and soil conditioner components are mixed, and with respect to the pellets, including seeds It is made by integrating the granular bodies and performing a drying process. In the second invention of the present invention,
Granules containing the seed, a mixture of dispersed seeds in soil, to form a grain in the state of containing a large number of seeds, to create a harder than pellets of the mixture for cultivation, the cultivation It is prepared by allowing the granules to enter the pellets of the mixture for use. In the third invention of the present invention, the mixture for cultivation comprises one or more kinds of organic materials such as activated carbon and peat moss which are porous and have a large surface area, and an inorganic component such as perlite or zeolite. , One or more kinds of ceramic materials obtained by subjecting the inorganic components to high temperature treatment, and a soil conditioner component obtained by mixing a calcareous material and a magnetic material,
Using a fertilizer component such as an organic fertilizer component, while mixing each of the components, water and an adhesive component are prepared by mixing, the mixture is molded as a pellet softer than the granular body containing seeds, It is manufactured by injecting a granular material containing seeds into a pellet and integrating them.

Further, a fourth invention of the present invention relates to a method for producing composite seeds, wherein soil and seeds, an adhesive component and water are added and stirred to prepare a mixture which is a raw material for the granules. The mixture is molded into a rod shape using an extruder, a step of forming a granular body by separately molding the rod-shaped body, a soil improver component and a fertilizer component, an inorganic material component and an adhesive material component and water mixed cultivation For preparing a mixture, dividing the mixture into pellets, mixing the granules with the pellets, allowing the pellets to enter the granules and integrating, and producing a composite, The composite is manufactured through a process of drying treatment. Further, in the fifth aspect of the present invention, after the step of forming the granular body, powder of a calcium component is attached to the surface of the granular body, and a coating film hardened on the surface of the granular body by the calcium component is formed. At the same time, perform a process to adjust the water content inside the granules,
After performing the surface treatment of the granular body, mixed with pellets,
The granules are put into pellets to be integrally manufactured.

In the seed integrated with the growth material produced as described above, in the granular body formed by mixing the soil and the seed, the seed is held in a state of being covered with the dry soil. It is possible to prevent storage from being deteriorated due to contact with fertilizer components, water, etc., and to facilitate storage. Further, in the granular body containing seeds, seeds of an arbitrary type and number can be included, and it is possible to select a seed composition depending on a place to be sowed.
Furthermore, in the pellets that are formed by mixing fertilizer components and soil conditioner components, the fertilizer components are mixed according to the seed type and the sowing place, and the soil conditioner, calcium component, etc. corresponding to the property of the land. Since it is possible to add the fertilizer component necessary for the period from the germination of the seed to the end of the flowering period, it is possible to add the fertilizer component. Then, by appropriately setting the mixing ratio of the granules and the pellets in accordance with the type of seeds, the period for which the fertilizing effect is maintained, and the like, it is possible to make the four seasons bloom in the wasteland.

In the method for producing seeds integrated with the growth material of the present invention, the soil granules containing the seeds are prepared as hard ones, and the pellets mixed with the fertilizer component, the soil improver component and the like are prepared separately. Then, in the integration step, means for incorporating the granules into the pellets can be used. Also,
When a means for adhering a calcium component to the surface of the granules is used when preparing the granules, the granules can be made harder and can be easily integrated with soft pellets. Will be possible. And
Created by combining granular material to the pellets, in the product of the composite that has been dried, it becomes possible to easily perform storage and seeding, without spraying fertilizer or the like even after germination of seeds. , It becomes possible to keep green and flowers. Furthermore, the seed integrated with the growth material of the present invention can be applied to arbitrary vegetables, lawns, etc., and when targeting vegetables, it is necessary from the germination of the seed to the harvest. It is possible to greatly contribute to labor saving of farmers by including the fertilizer components, etc.

[0011]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Next, a seed integrated with the growth material of the present invention and a method for producing the same will be described in detail. The seeds of the plant used in the present invention include flowers, lawn seeds, vegetable seeds, and the like, and particularly, a mixture of flower seeds having different flowering seasons. In this case, it is possible to enjoy the flowers of the four seasons in a wasteland by spraying the seeds once integrated with the growth material and sowing them. The seeds such as the flowers are mixed with commercially available black soil or clay soil, and the seeds are uniformly dispersed in the soil components, and water and an adhesive component are mixed and stirred, and the mixture is extruded. A thin rod-shaped body is formed using a machine or the like, and the rod-shaped body is cut to form a granular body. Then, the granules created as described above are subjected to a treatment of being rounded by a granulator to improve the handling property of the granules, and when the pellets of the growth material mixed with fertilizer components are integrated. , Make sure that the granular material is not destroyed.

The size of the granules can be arbitrarily formed. For example, the number of seeds contained in one granule and the seed dispersal schedule integrated with the growth material per unit area are planned. Create according to conditions such as numbers. As the adhesive component mixed with the soil, oligosaccharides and other polysaccharides can be used, and other materials such as fumus may be used. Then, by mixing the adhesive component, the amount of water contained in the granules can be reduced, a hard granule can be formed, and the drying period in the subsequent drying step can be shortened. Furthermore, the influence of water on the seeds is reduced between the time when the granules are manufactured and the time when they are dried, so that the storage condition of the seeds can be favorably maintained.

As the mixture for cultivation used for integrating with the above-mentioned granular material, for example, those described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-26359 can be used. As the organic material used for the soil improver component contained in the mixture of, activated carbon, peat moss, a porous material such as charcoal, or any organic material capable of exhibiting the same properties as the material may be used. it can. Further, as the inorganic material, it is possible to use a porous material such as perlite, zeolite, vermiculite, etc., and it is possible to use other inorganic materials that have been generally used as soil conditioners since before. Is.

Further, as the soil conditioner component of the present invention, it is also possible to mix and use a ceramic material obtained by subjecting an inorganic component such as perlite or zeolite to high temperature treatment, and by mixing the ceramicized component. By effectively using far infrared rays, effects such as raising the ground temperature are produced, and it becomes possible to adjust the growth environment of plants and the growth environment of microorganisms. Any of the organic and inorganic materials as exemplified above is one that has been generally used as a soil improver from the past, and exhibits the action of improving the properties of soil to be suitable for growing plants. To do so.

Further, by mixing the above-mentioned porous component into the soil, harmful metal components and excess chemical fertilizer components contained in the soil can be adsorbed in the porous material,
It has the property of fixing and holding harmful metal components so as not to impair the growth of plants, and the action of temporarily adsorbing and retaining excess fertilizer components in the porous material and gradually releasing them over time. Can be demonstrated. Further, in addition to the porous material, the soil conditioner component used in the present invention is a mixture of a calcium component such as coral and shellfish, and a powdery magnet or magnetic material. Then, it is possible to provide an environment suitable for plant growth by mixing each of the above-mentioned materials in an arbitrary ratio to prepare a soil improving agent.

As the fertilizer component used by mixing with the soil conditioner component, livestock waste or chicken farm waste, ripe compost produced from agricultural waste as a raw material, bone meal, dried chicken manure, and any other organic It is possible to use the inorganic fertilizer component in the form of powder or granules by mixing it at an arbitrary ratio in correspondence with the target plant. In addition to the natural fertilizer component as described above, a plant can use the fertilizer component more effectively by adding and mixing a microbe and a trace mineral required for the growth of the plant. Further, the fertilizer component lacking in the natural fertilizer component can be supplemented with a chemical fertilizer, but it is required to stop it so as not to inhibit the growth of effective microorganisms existing in the natural world.

By drying the seeds integrated with the above-mentioned growth material, the water content inside is adjusted to such an extent that the seeds do not germinate, and the water naturally given after sowing the fields. As a result, the seeds contained in the granular body germinate and the fertilizer components and the like are released over time by extending the roots. Therefore, the period during which the fertilizer component is released can be appropriately adjusted according to the conditions such as the mixing ratio of the fertilizer component and the degree of solidification, and the entire period from the emergence of the plant to the harvest is determined as a growth material. It is also possible to replenish with the fertilizer component contained in.

In the case where the fertilizer component and the soil conditioner component as described above are mixed into a granular form, a magnetic field is formed around the seed integrated with the growth material by the magnetic substance contained in the grain, so that the seed As the magnetic field is said to help germination of seeds, it assists the germination action of seeds and forms an environment that activates the growth action of microorganisms inhabiting the ground on which the seeds are sown. Further, the nutrient components such as polysaccharides and amino acids contained in the seeds integrated with the growth material of the present invention also serve as a nutrient source for effective microorganisms in the ground, and the growth of the microorganisms in large amounts causes the soil temperature to rise. Since it exerts the effect of being able to increase the seed germination environment, the seed germination environment is well formed by the action of the magnetic field by the magnetic substance contained in the seed integrated with the growth material and the action of microbial growth. It is possible to improve the rate.
As the polysaccharide contained in the seeds integrated with the growth material, for example, oligosaccharides, chitosan oligosaccharides, and any other saccharides can be used, in the case of containing chitin, It can help the growth of fungi that prefer chitin and inhibit the growth of filamentous fungi such as mold. Furthermore, as the amino acids, any amino acid, nucleic acid, or the like can be used, and the growth of microorganisms that effectively act on the growth of microorganisms and plants can be promoted.

[0019]

EXAMPLES Seeds integrated with the growth material of the present invention are shown in FIG.
In the mixing step 1 for producing a granular body containing seeds, the seeds and the soil are charged into a mixer at a predetermined ratio, and water and a polysaccharide as an adhesive component are manufactured. Etc. are mixed and stirred to evenly disperse the seeds in the soil. Then, in the extrusion step 2,
Extruding the mixture with an extruder to form a rod-shaped body,
In the granulating step 3, the rod-shaped body is formed into particles of a predetermined size by using a cutting machine such as a cutter, and the granules are rounded by using a device such as a rotating drum to round the corners of the particles. Then, the granular body 40 as shown in FIG. 2 is created. In the granular body 40 manufactured as described above, the seed 41 is included in the soil 42 in a state of being uniformly dispersed.

The material of the pellet integrated with the granular material containing the seeds is for supplying the fertilizer component, the soil improving material component and the like in a predetermined ratio toward the mixing step 5, and is in the form of powder or granules of the material. , Water, adhesive components, etc. are put into a mixer and mixed and stirred. Next, pellet manufacturing process 6
Then, using a device such as a rotating cylinder, the mixed material is formed into pellets of a predetermined size. In the pelletizing step, the amount of water contained in the material is adjusted to granulate by utilizing the action of the material forming a small lump in the cylinder. To promote the granulation, By inserting an obstacle, such as a rod-shaped body, into the material that moves according to the rotation of the cylinder, the pelletizing action can be promoted.

In the integration step 7, the granules produced through the granulation step 3 are mixed with the pellets produced as described above, and a device such as a rotary drum is used.
Stir to mix the pellets and granules. And
In the state where the hard granules enter into the soft pellets, a composite of pellets and granules 45 as shown in FIG.
As shown in the figure, in the composite 45, the granules 40 of seeds and soil enter the pellets 46 that are a mixture of fertilizer components and the like, and the composite of both members is integrated. Is molded as. Then, the composite of the pellet and the granular material is dried in the drying step 8 to obtain a product having a reduced water content.

[0022]

Example 2 As described above, in the case of producing a granular body in which seeds and soil are mixed, for example, an apparatus as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 can be used. In the example shown in FIG. 4, the extruder 10 is provided with a screw 12 driven by a drive device 13 in which a motor and a speed reducer are combined in a cylinder 11, and soil and seeds fed from a hopper 14 are provided. The mixture, that is, the mixture prepared in the mixing step 1 of FIG. 1 is extruded from the nozzle 15 provided at the discharge port while being stirred by the screw 12. Also, a large number of small holes may be provided in the nozzle 15 so that the thin rod-shaped mixture is discharged from the hole of the nozzle 15. Then, the thin rod-shaped mixture prepared as described above is cut by the granulating device 22 provided in the granulating device 20 and accommodated in the container 19 as a granular body for the next step of forming the granular body. Send out.

In the granulating device 20, the nozzle 15
Wire-shaped cutting blade member 22 that moves so as to come close to
Are arranged at a predetermined interval with respect to the endless belt of the drive chain 21, etc., and the drive chain 21 is hung over the pulleys 23 ... By adjusting the speed of the motor that drives the pulley 23, the speed at which the cutting blade member 22 cuts the rod-shaped body on the front surface of the nozzle 15 can be adjusted. In the granular material manufacturing apparatus of the present invention, the size of the granular material is determined by the nozzle 15
Since it is set by the size of the hole provided in, the discharging speed of the rod-shaped body, and the arrangement interval and moving speed of the cutting blade member 22, by appropriately setting the above conditions,
It is possible to set the size of the granular body.

In the example shown in FIG. 5, the extruder 10 is used as shown in FIG.
The same device as in the above case is used, but the discharge port of the nozzle 15 is configured to have a large diameter, and the roll rolling device 17 is arranged following the nozzle 15. Then, in the roll rolling device 17, the extruded cylindrical rod-shaped body is formed into a sheet having a predetermined thickness by a roll device arranged in a plurality of stages and fed into the granulating device 25. In the granulating device 25, the sheet-shaped extruded product is cut into a thin rod-shaped body by the vertical cutting blade 26, and further cut by a cutting machine having the same configuration as the granulating device of FIG. Then, the container 19 is stored. In the granulating device 25, a plurality of cutting blade members 28 are arranged in the drive chain 27 and driven by the pulley 29 to cut a thin rod-shaped body by the vertical cutting blade 26 into short pieces. Granular bodies can be created.

The extruder 10 may be, for example,
KM400 and KM1 manufactured and sold by Hayashida Iron Works
It is possible to use a clay kneader called 000 type, and the clay kneader is an apparatus used as a clay kneader for pottery. Further, in the clay kneader, kneading and stirring of the soil by a screw arranged inside the cylinder, is configured as a device that can be extruded from the tip of the cylinder, in the present invention,
A mixture of the fertilizer component, the soil improving component, and the seed is extruded from the tip of the cylinder using the clay kneader to be molded into a plate-shaped or rod-shaped arbitrary shape. In the case of using an extruder such as the above-mentioned kneader, the rod-shaped body to be extruded is adjusted so as to maintain the rod-shaped shape, and the ratio of the water content to the mixture is adjusted, or the mixing of each constituent material It is necessary to adjust the ratio. Furthermore, when a powdery calcium component is adhered to the surface of the granular body, the powder absorbs the water inside the granular body to cure the surface of the granular body, so that it can be adapted to the next mixing step. .

Separately from the extruder, in the pellet manufacturing process, a pellet manufacturing apparatus 30 as shown in FIG. 6 is used to divide the soft mixture into a predetermined size to form pellets, and an integrated process is performed. Can be adapted to. In the pellet manufacturing apparatus 30 shown in FIG. 6,
A drive device 33 connected to a shaft 32 rotates a drum 31 which is configured as a device having no protrusions therein, and granulates a mixture for pellets placed in the drum 31. Therefore, the stir bar 35 or the like may be arranged to cut the mixture which is about to rotate together with the drum, thereby promoting pelletization. Then, by forming the pellets as described above, for example, a pellet having a maximum diameter of about 30 mm is prepared and supplied for the next integration step. Further, the drum 31 is similar to the case of a general drum mixer,
When stirring the material, it is rotated with the axis lined up, and when discharging the stirred material, the axis is tilted downward. In the illustrated apparatus of the present invention, the drum 31 has a fulcrum 3 for ease of explanation.
It is shown as a device which can be swung around 4 as a center, and the drum can be supported by any supporting means to handle the work of stirring the material.

In the integration step following the pellet manufacturing step, the drum 3 of the pellet manufacturing apparatus 30 shown in FIG.
In 1, the granules are added while leaving the pellets, and the pellets and the granules are mixed and stirred. Then, the hard granules are pressed against the soft pellets to be integrated with each other, whereby a composite as shown in FIG. 3 can be prepared. In the next drying step, the composite material prepared as described above should be subjected to a means such as sun drying or air drying so that the moisture content of the seeds in the granular material does not germinate. Alternatively, dry with warm air that does not affect the seeds. In the case of dried composite products, the organic substances and corrosive substances contained in the pellets are
It is assumed that microorganisms do not grow and ferment or deteriorate during storage of the product.

[0028]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY In the seed integrated with the growth material of the present invention, in the granular body formed by mixing soil and seed, the seed is held in a state of being covered with dry soil. It is possible to prevent the occurrence of alteration due to contact with water, moisture, etc., and to easily store it. Further, in the granular body containing seeds, seeds of an arbitrary type and number can be included, and it is possible to select a seed composition depending on a place to be sowed. Furthermore, in the pellets that are formed by mixing fertilizer components and soil conditioner components, the fertilizer components are mixed according to the seed type and the sowing place, and the soil conditioner, calcium component, etc. corresponding to the property of the land. Since it is possible to add the fertilizer component necessary for the period from the germination of the seed to the end of the flowering period, it is possible to add the fertilizer component. Then, by appropriately setting the mixing ratio of the granules and the pellets in accordance with the type of seeds, the period for which the fertilizing effect is maintained, and the like, it is possible to make the four seasons bloom in the wasteland.

In the method for producing seeds integrated with the growth material of the present invention, the soil granules containing seeds are prepared as hard ones, and the pellets mixed with the fertilizer component, the soil improver component, etc. are prepared separately. Then, in the integration step, means for incorporating the granules into the pellets can be used. Also,
When a means for adhering a calcium component to the surface of the granules is used when preparing the granules, the granules can be made harder and can be easily integrated with soft pellets. Will be possible. And
Created by combining granular material to the pellets, in the product of the composite that has been dried, it becomes possible to easily perform storage and seeding, without spraying fertilizer or the like even after germination of seeds. , It becomes possible to keep green and flowers. Furthermore, the seed integrated with the growth material of the present invention can be applied to arbitrary vegetables, lawns, etc., and when targeting vegetables, it is necessary from the germination of the seed to the harvest. It is possible to greatly contribute to labor saving of farmers by including the fertilizer components, etc.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a process drawing showing a process of producing seeds integrated with a growth material of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a manufactured granular body.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a manufactured product.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a molding device used in the present invention.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of another embodiment of the molding apparatus.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a pellet manufacturing apparatus.

[Explanation of symbols]

1.5 Mixing process, 2 Extrusion process, 3
Granulation process, 6 pellet manufacturing process, 7 integration process, 8 drying process, 10 extruder, 11 cylinder, 12 screw, 20/25 granulation device, 22/28 cutting blade member, 26 vertical cutting blade,
30 pellet manufacturing equipment, 40 granules, 41
Seeds, 45 complex, 46 pellets.

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. Granules containing seeds produced by mixing seeds in soil, pellets in which a mixture for cultivation in which a fertilizer component and a soil conditioner component are mixed are formed in a certain size, and said pellets are used. , The granules containing seeds are integrated,
A seed integrated with a growth material, which is produced by performing a drying process. 2. The seed-containing granules are formed by mixing seeds dispersed in soil into granules containing a large number of seeds, and are harder than pellets of the cultivation mixture. The seed, which is produced, and is produced by allowing the granular material to enter the pellets of the mixture for cultivation, and the seed integrated with the growth material according to claim 1. 3. The pellets of the mixture for cultivation include one or more kinds of organic materials such as activated carbon and peat moss, which are porous and have a large surface area, inorganic components such as perlite and zeolite, and the inorganic material. Each of the above components is mixed by using one or more of the high temperature treated ceramic materials, the soil improver component in which the calcareous material and the magnetic material are mixed, and the fertilizer component such as the organic fertilizer component. Along with, it is created by mixing water and an adhesive component, the mixture is molded as a pellet softer than the granules containing seeds, the pellets containing the granules containing seeds can be integrated and manufactured. A seed integrated with the growth material according to claim 1 or 2. 4. Soil and seeds, an adhesive component and water are added and stirred to prepare a mixture as a raw material for the granules, the mixture is molded into a rod shape using an extruder, and the rod-shaped body is divided and molded. And a step of creating granules, and a step of creating a mixture for cultivation in which a soil improver component, a fertilizer component, an inorganic material component, an adhesive material component and water are mixed, and dividing the mixture to form pellets And a step of producing a composite by mixing the granules and the pellets and allowing the pellets to enter the granules to be integrated, and a step of drying the composite to produce the composite. A method for producing seeds integrated with a growth material. 5. After the step of forming a granular body containing the seeds, calcium powder is adhered to the surface of the granular body,
Along with forming a cured film on the surface of the granular body by the calcium component, a treatment for adjusting the water content inside the granular body is performed, and then mixed with the pellets of the mixture for cultivation after the surface treatment of the granular body is performed. The method for producing a seed integrated with a growth material according to claim 4, wherein the granular material is put into a pellet to be integrally produced.