JP3448659B2 - Fish road - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a fishway provided on a stepped portion of a river.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a conventional fishway, a linear inclined surface is formed in a part of a stepped portion of a river, and stair-like projections for projecting water are formed on the inclined surface. The heights of the water control projections in each step are formed to be approximately the same height, and the water that flows down from the upstream flows evenly into the fishway.

[0003]

However, the above-mentioned structure has the following problems. 1) As the upstream of the fishway is formed in a part of the river,
It is difficult for fish that have passed the outside of the run-up mouth to reach the run-up mouth without going back. Therefore,
There is a demand for a fishway that has a wide-ranging run-up mouth over a wide range of rivers. 2) The water level of the river fluctuates, but if the water level becomes low, the water level overflowing the reservoir will be low, making it difficult for fish to go up. 3) Since the fish chooses a gentle part of the water flow and goes up, the run-up part may be concentrated on the left bank side or the right bank side depending on the structure of the curve of the river. Conventional structures do not adequately accommodate these special environments.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a fishway which facilitates the upstream movement of fish and can adapt to the conditions of a river.

[0005]

The invention according to claim 1 is a fishway provided on a stepped portion of a river, which is a natural stone, a pseudo stone,
By arranging water control projections such as
The outflow part is formed between the contacting water-control projections and
To form a reservoir for temporarily storing water from the
When several parts are arranged side by side horizontally to cover the entire width of the fishway
In both cases, the plurality of water storage groups arranged horizontally are
Arranged in multiple steps along the surface at different heights,
The feature is that the whole fishway is formed like a terraced rice field .

The invention of claim 2 provides the fishway according to claim 1.
The fishway has an arcuate shape with a front portion that points downstream.
Has a side surface part connected to the step part and
The feature is that the surface shape is formed in a fan shape .

According to the third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fishway provided on a stepped portion of a river, wherein the fishway provided on the stepped portion of the river is provided with protrusions for controlling water such as natural stone, pseudo stone, concrete and the like.
By installing the outflow part between the adjacent water control projections
That temporarily forms a reservoir and stores water from the upstream.
A water section is formed so as to cover the entire fishway, and a plurality of water storage sections are formed.
Arranged in multiple stages along the slope, the width of the fishway is terraced
Is formed in a plane shape, and its planar shape is directed to the downstream side.
A front surface portion and a side surface portion which is connected to the step portion in an arc shape.
And is characterized in that its planar shape is formed in a fan shape .

The invention of claim 4 is any of claims 1 to 3.
In the fishway according to Crab, the bottom surface of the water storage section is an outflow section.
The feature is that it is gradually inclined toward .

[0009]

[0010]

[0011]

[0012]

[0013]

[0014]

[0015]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, will be explained with reference to the accompanying drawings per fishway 10 of the first embodiment the present onset bright. This fish way 10
Is for connecting the step portion between the upstream 11 and downstream 12 with inclined slope, the riverbed upstream 11 bed solid Engineering 13 is construction. The fishway 10 has a plurality of water storage portions 14 that temporarily store water from the upstream arranged in a horizontal direction to cover the entire width of the fishway 10. Furthermore, these water storage units 14
Are arranged in a plurality of stages at different heights of the fishway 10 and arranged as if they were in a terraced rice field (Senmaida).

The water storage portion 14 is a water control projection 1 such as a natural stone.
It is composed of 5. The heights of the water control protrusions 15 of the adjacent water storage portions 14 may be substantially parallel to each other as shown in FIG. 3, or the water control protrusions 15 shown in FIG.
As shown by A, the water control projection 15B, and the water control projection 15C, they may be arranged side by side so that the heights thereof are deviated. Further, the depth of the water storage portion 14 is set to be not more than twice the head of the upper and lower water storage portions 14 as shown in FIG. 5. Further, small natural stones are arranged on the bottom surface to form an uneven shape. Natural stones of medium size are arranged intermittently between them. These natural stones have a water control effect. The shadow of medium-sized natural stone is particularly suitable for fish resting. The protrusions 15 for water control and the irregularities on the bottom surface are not limited to natural stones, and may be formed of pseudo stone, concrete, or the like.

The planar shape in which the fishway 10 is in contact with the downstream side 12 is a fan shape, which is composed of a front face portion F directed to the downstream side 12 and a side face portion G which is arcuate and is connected to the step portion. There is.

The water from the upstream (the water level is indicated by ▽) is temporarily stored in the water storage section 14 of each stage to provide a resting place for the fish, and the overflowed water is successively stored in the water storage section 14 of the lower stage in the direction indicated by the arrow.
And finally is discharged from the entire lower end portion of the fishway 10 to the downstream side.

FIG. 6 shows a fishway 16 of the second embodiment applied to the full-face type. The difference from the fishway 10 is that only the front part F is present, and the side faces may be connected to both banks of the river, for example.

The fishways 10 and 16 have the following effects. (1) Since the ascending opening of the fishway 10 is formed in a 180-degree panoramic shape, the fish that has run up can be run up from the upway as it is. (2) Natural stones are arranged in the water reservoir 14 at each stage, and the shadows of the natural stones are suitable for fishes to rest. (3) The entire bottom surface is covered with fine irregularities of natural stone, the flow velocity at the bottom of the fishway 10 is reduced, and an environment suitable for fish run-up can be provided. (4) Since the depth of the water storage unit 14 is set to be less than or equal to twice the head of the upper and lower water storage units 14, it is possible to prevent the sediment from being discharged by the water flow and accumulated in the water storage unit 14.

[0021] FIGS. 7 13 illustrates a fishway 20 of the third real施例. First, in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, the water-controlling projections 21 are arranged in a plurality of steps on the stepped portion and the water storage portions 22 are respectively provided.
Is formed. The single water reservoir 22 is configured to cover the entire width of the fishway 20. In this water storage section 22,
The outflow portion 23 is formed at a desired position. The outflow portion 23 is lower than the upper ends of the other water control projections 21, and the upper ends of the water control projections 21 are inclined toward the outflow portion 23 so as to become gradually lower. In addition, the bottom surface 24 of the water storage section 22 is also the outflow section 2
The position of 3 is set to the lowest position, and it is inclined so that the position becomes lower toward the position. Moreover, small-sized natural stones are arranged on the bottom surface to form an uneven shape, and medium-sized natural stones are arranged between them.

FIG. 9 shows another embodiment of the outflow portion 25. In this embodiment, a recessed portion is formed at the upper end of the water control projection 21 and is used as the outflow portion 25. is there. Also in this embodiment, the upper ends of the water control protrusions 21 have substantially the same height, and the bottom surface 24 of the water storage portion 22 has the outflow portion 25.
Is inclined towards.

FIG. 10 shows an embodiment in which a plurality of outflow portions 23 or 25 are provided on the water control projection 21.

The outflow portion is not limited to the above-mentioned structure, and may be, for example, a recess formed between adjacent natural stones when the water control projections 21 are formed by arranging the natural stones in parallel. .

In the fishway 20, when the amount of water is large, the water level rises above the water storage portion 22, so that a flow is formed in all directions beyond the water control projections 21. Similar to the embodiment described above, the fish can run upstream from the entire lower end of the fishway 20.

When the amount of water decreases, the water level decreases. And according to the water level, as shown in FIGS.
3 or the outflow part 25 as a center, and moves from the range of the width W to the water storage part 22 in the lower stage. Therefore, the outflow part 2 of the water storage part 22 of each stage
If the position of 5 is properly selected, the flow of water can be guided in an appropriate direction as shown by an arrow in FIGS. 11 to 13, and the water can be collected at a desired position to easily run the fish. Can be

14 to 16 show a fourth embodiment in which the outflow portion 23 or the outflow portion 25 is applied to the fishway 10. In these examples, by appropriately selecting the outflow part 23 or the outflow part 25, it is possible to secure a desired upstream path even when the amount of water is small, and moreover, since the amount of water can be concentrated in this upstream path, Easy to run fish.

According to the above-mentioned third and fourth embodiments,
It has the following effects. (1) Since the ascending opening of the fishway 10 is formed in a 180-degree panoramic shape, the fish that has run up can be run up from the upway as it is. (2) The outflow portion 23 or the outflow portion 2 is not limited to a position along the center line of the fishway in the water storage portions 14 and 22, but at a position intersecting with the position.
Since 5 is provided, by appropriately selecting these positions, it is possible to secure a desired upstream route even when the water amount is small, and moreover, since the water amount can be concentrated on this upstream route, the fish upstream You can easily.

In contrast to the present application, in the conventional staircase type fishway, for example, "ice harbor type" and "denier type", the position where the outflow portion is provided is the end portion or the central portion of the water control projection, and the water from the upstream side is provided. Has a structure that allows water to flow down in parallel to the center line of the fishway, so the water that flows down cannot flow down in a direction transverse to the center line. (3) Since the water control projections 15 and 21 are inclined, water flows down from a wide range W even when the amount of water is small, so that the flow velocity can be reduced and fish can easily run up. Further, since the bottom surface of the water storage section 22 is inclined, water is easily concentrated in the outflow section 23 or the outflow section 25. (4) The bottoms of the water reservoirs 14 and 22 at each stage are entirely covered with fine irregularities of natural stone, reducing the flow velocity at the bottom of the fishway 10.
It is possible to provide an environment suitable for fish run-up. (5) Since fine claws can be clawed by crabs and turtles, they can be reliably run up without being swept away by the flow. Also, the shadow of the medium-sized natural stone is suitable for fish resting. 6) Since the water reservoir 14 is arranged in a terraced rice field, it can be adapted to the surrounding natural environment.

FIG. 17 shows a fishway 30 according to the fifth embodiment .
The fishway 30 has a plurality of water-control projections 15 along the slope.
The water-controlling projections 15 are provided on each stage to store the water 14
Is formed. Then, the height of the water control projections 15 in the upper part is set higher than that of the riverbed in the upstream part, that is, the floor construction 13 (H> 0).
It is set.

In the conventional fishway, as shown in FIG. 18, the heights of the water control projections are all at the upstream riverbed (floor fixing 1
It is set lower than 3). In this structure,
There is a phenomenon that the flowing water is accelerated when it hits a slope, the flow velocity is increased, and the water depth is reduced. Fish
It is observed that the water goes up to the water storage section 14A at the point A, but it cannot go up to the upstream at once, and after taking a rest here, after one breath, it goes up.

However, in this fishway 30, since the height of the water control projections 15H in the upper part is set higher than that in the riverbed in the upstream part, so-called weiring phenomenon occurs and the flow velocity decreases and the flow becomes gentle. And the water depth is secured.
Therefore, the fish that has run up to the bottom of the water control projections 15 run up to the upstream at once. This phenomenon has already been confirmed in the fishway experiment conducted by the applicant.

In the fishway 30 of the fifth embodiment,
Since the flow velocity of water at the upper end of the fishway 30 can be reduced and the depth of the water can be secured, it has an excellent effect that the fish can run up easily.

[0034]

According to the present invention, together with and juxtaposed a plurality of water storage portion for storing water from the upper stream temporarily horizontally cover the entire width of the fish ladder, a plurality of these reservoir groups at different heights Since the fish is arranged in steps, the fish run-up entrance can be spread over the entire lower end portion of the fishway, and the fish run-up can be remarkably facilitated. In addition, it also has the effect of preventing sedimentation.

Further , according to the present invention, in the fishway in which the water control projections are provided in a plurality of steps along the slope provided in the stepped portion of the river and the water control projections form the water storage section, the water storage section is provided. By forming an outflow portion that is lower than other water control projections and allowing the water from the upstream to flow down in a predetermined direction, it is possible to secure an upstream passage and a water depth even when the amount of water is small. It is a thing. Also, because the water control projections are inclined, water can flow down from a wide range even when the amount of water is small, the flow velocity can be reduced, fish can easily run up, and sediment accumulation can be prevented. Is played.

Further, according to the present invention, in a fishway provided at a stepped portion of a river and having a plurality of water-control projections along the slope, the height of the water-control projections in the upper step is set to the upstream water level. Since it is set higher than the bottom, the flow velocity of water at the upper end of the fishway can be reduced and the depth of the water can be secured, so that an excellent effect that the fish can be run up remarkably easily is exhibited.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional side view.

FIG. 3 is a front view showing an arrangement of projections for water control.

FIG. 4 is a front view showing a different arrangement of the water control protrusions.

FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional side view of a water storage section.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of the second embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a plan view of the third embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a front view of a first state in which the water storage section is expanded and shown.

FIG. 9 is a front view of a second state in which the water storage section is expanded and shown.

FIG. 10 is a front view of a third state in which the water storage portion is expanded and shown.

FIG. 11 is a first diagram showing a flow state when the amount of water is small.
FIG.

FIG. 12 is a second view showing a flow state when the amount of water is small.
FIG.

FIG. 13 is a third view showing a flow state when the amount of water is small.
FIG.

FIG. 14 is a first explanatory diagram showing a flow state when the amount of water is small in the fourth embodiment.

FIG. 15 is a second diagram showing a flow state when the amount of water is small.
FIG.

FIG. 16 is a third view showing a flow state when the amount of water is small.
FIG.

FIG. 17 is a vertical sectional side view of the fifth embodiment.

FIG. 18 is a vertical sectional side view of a conventional fishway.

[Explanation of symbols]

10 fishways 11 upstream 12 Downstream 13 floor solidification 14 water storage 15 Water control protrusion 16 fishways 20 fishways 21 Protrusion for flood control 22 Water storage 23 Outflow section 24 Bottom 25 Outflow part 30 fishways

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Eiji Masuda, Eiji Masuda, 5-1 Tadetsu-cho, Gifu-shi, Gifu Inside the Kiso River Upstream Construction Office, Ministry of Construction (72) Inventor, Yukio Iwata, 5-1 Tadetsu-cho, Gifu, Gifu Prefecture Kiso, Ministry of Construction In the upstream office (72) Inventor, Kazumi Mabuchi, No. 4 Inabata, 203, Ono-cho, Ibi-gun, Gifu Prefecture 4 (56) References Patent 2704210 (JP, B2) Patent 2589654 (JP, B2) Utility model registration 2533698 (JP) , Y2) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) E02B 8/08

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A projection for water control such as natural stone, pseudo stone, concrete, etc. is provided in parallel in a fishway provided on a stepped portion of a river.
This creates an outflow between the adjacent water control protrusions.
And the water storage section that temporarily stores the water from the upstream
Form a plurality of water reservoirs in a horizontal direction so that the entire width of the fishway is formed.
The plurality of water storage units that cover and are arranged side by side in the horizontal direction
Arrange groups in multiple stages along the slope at different heights,
In addition, the fishway is characterized by forming the entire fishway into a terraced rice field . 2. The fishway includes a front surface portion directed toward a downstream side,
It has an arc-shaped side surface that connects to the step,
The planar shape of the body is formed into a fan shape.
The fish path according to claim 1. 3. A fishway provided on a stepped portion of a river, in which water-control projections such as natural stone, pseudo stone, concrete, etc. are provided in parallel.
This creates an outflow between the adjacent water control protrusions.
And the water storage section that temporarily stores the water from the upstream
The fishway is formed so as to cover the entire width of the fishway, and a plurality of the water storage portions are arranged in a plurality of steps along the slope.
The whole is formed in a terraced field, and its planar shape is an arc shape with the front part that points to the downstream side.
However, it has a side surface portion that is connected to the step portion,
The fishway is characterized by the shape of a fan. 4. The bottom surface of the water storage section is arranged in sequence toward the outflow section.
It inclines and any one of Claims 1-3 characterized by the above-mentioned.
The fish path described in.