CN111535258A

CN111535258A - Weir structure

Info

Publication number: CN111535258A
Application number: CN202010486406.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 程南宁
Original assignee: Shanghai Investigation Design and Research Institute Co Ltd SIDRI
Current assignee: Shanghai Investigation Design and Research Institute Co Ltd SIDRI
Priority date: 2020-06-01
Filing date: 2020-06-01
Publication date: 2020-08-14

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic engineering, in particular to a weir dam structure, which comprises: the upper surface of the weir dam body is provided with a groove which penetrates through the weir dam body along the water flow direction; and the multistage water retaining sills are arranged at the downstream of the groove, the multistage water retaining sills are sequentially arranged from the upstream to the downstream of the river channel at intervals, height drops are formed between the uppermost water retaining sill and the bottom wall of the groove and between the adjacent upper and lower water retaining sills, and water flow regulating ponds are formed between the uppermost water retaining sill and the weir dam body and between the adjacent upper and lower water retaining sills. The fish passing function of the weir dam body is realized by arranging the groove on the upper surface of the weir dam body, and meanwhile, the multistage water blocking ridges are arranged at the downstream of the groove on the weir dam body to form multistage water flow regulating ponds which are sequentially arranged along the stepped drop from the upstream to the downstream of a river channel, so that a path for the fishes to trace the migration and the free migration of the upstream and the downstream is provided. The design is simple, and the later operation maintenance and management are convenient.

Description

Weir structure

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic engineering, in particular to a weir dam structure.

Background

In river management, in order to meet the requirements of functions such as flood control, water storage, irrigation, landscape and life, a barrage across a river is usually constructed. These barrages are usually made of reinforced concrete or concrete, and mainly have the functions of water storage, irrigation, flood control and the like. Because ecological factors are not considered in the traditional barrage engineering design, the barrage construction often causes more remarkable adverse effects on a river ecosystem, such as river habitat fragmentation, barrage upstream and downstream biological habitat change and the like. For a river with migratory fishes, the construction of a barrage can also block the paths of the migratory migration and the free migration of organisms such as the fishes, so that the biological diversity of the river is reduced, and even some rare fishes are killed.

In order to solve the adverse effect of the barrage on fish migration and migration, engineering measures for constructing fishways are generally adopted in the design of river barrage buildings (such as power stations, hydro hubs and the like) of large and medium rivers, and measures such as proliferation and releasing, fish protection area construction and the like are supplemented. However, due to the limitation of design concept and economic cost, the measures are rarely used in the treatment of medium and small rivers. With the gradual improvement of ecological environment protection consciousness, the river-blocking barrage of a large number of small and medium-sized rivers is transformed, adverse ecological influence is improved, the problem of low obstacle fish passing is solved, and the practical problem to be solved is urgent.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a barrage structure with fish passing function, so as to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a weir dam structure comprising: the upper surface of the weir dam body is provided with a groove which penetrates through the weir dam body along the water flow direction; and the multistage water retaining sills are arranged at the downstream of the groove, the multistage water retaining sills are sequentially arranged from the upstream to the downstream of the river channel at intervals, height drops are formed between the uppermost water retaining sill and the bottom wall of the groove and between the adjacent upper and lower water retaining sills, and water flow regulating ponds are formed between the uppermost water retaining sill and the weir dam body and between the adjacent upper and lower water retaining sills.

Preferably, the bottom wall of the groove is provided with a first notch which penetrates through the weir dam body along the water flow direction.

Preferably, a gate for adjusting the flow of water in the groove is arranged in the groove.

Preferably, the groove bottom wall of the groove is provided with a stating step.

Preferably, the groove is formed in one end, close to the river bank on one side of the river channel, of the weir dam body, and the water blocking ridges are arranged at the downstream of the groove in a fan shape with the groove as the center.

Preferably, the upper surface of the water blocking sill is provided with a second notch penetrating through the water blocking sill along the water flow direction.

Preferably, the height difference between the uppermost water blocking sill and the bottom wall of the groove is the same as the height difference between each adjacent upper and lower water blocking sills.

Preferably, the height difference between the uppermost water-blocking sill and the bottom wall of the groove and the height difference between each adjacent upper and lower water-blocking sills are not more than 30 cm.

Preferably, the maximum water storage depth of the water flow adjusting tank is not less than twice of the height drop between the adjacent upper and lower water blocking sills.

Preferably, a water collecting tank is arranged on the downstream side of the lowest water blocking ridge, and the water collecting tank is provided with sand gravel and/or brute stones and/or water plants.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable progress that:

according to the weir dam structure, the groove for fish to pass through is formed in the upper surface of the weir dam body, so that the fish passing function of the weir dam body is achieved, meanwhile, the multi-stage water blocking ridges are arranged at the downstream of the groove in the weir dam body to form the multi-stage water flow regulating ponds which are sequentially arranged along the upstream to the downstream of a river channel in a stepped drop manner, and a path for the fishes to migrate backward and migrate freely up and down is provided. Rivers equalizing basin at different levels all has the energy dissipation and provides the dwell for fish, the function of rest place, make fish can loop through rivers equalizing basin at different levels from top to bottom, realize crossing the fish function, and simultaneously, rivers equalizing basin at different levels also can satisfy the demand of fish migration, the migratory fish can cross the water blocking bank at different levels rivers equalizing basin upper reaches in proper order from low reaches and get into the upper water flow equalizing basin more easily, until crossing the recess entering upper reaches river on the weir dam body, the realization migration. Therefore, the dam structure of the invention can effectively maintain the integrity of the water ecological systems of the upstream and the downstream of the river, has the advantages of simple design and convenient later-stage operation maintenance and management, is suitable for all aquatic organisms, and is particularly suitable for the treatment of small and medium-sized rivers, the ecological environment protection and the design and the reconstruction of all low-water-head dam dams.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of a weir dam structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of each stage of flow regulating reservoir in the weir dam structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Wherein the reference numerals are as follows:

1. weir body 1a, the back surface of weir dam body

11. Groove 11a, groove bottom wall of groove

2. Water retaining bank 2a, upper surface of water retaining bank

2b, a back surface 21 of the water blocking ridge and a second notch

3. Water flow regulating pool 4 and river channel

Detailed Description

The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

In addition, in the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, one embodiment of the weir dam structure of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1, the weir structure of the present embodiment includes a weir body 1 and a water blocking sill 2. The weir dam body 1 spans the river channel 4, and the weir dam body 1 is perpendicular to the river and is arranged, and the weir dam body 1 is used for realizing retaining, flood control and view function. The upper surface of weir dam body 1 is seted up flutedly 11, and recess 11 runs through weir dam body 1 along the rivers direction, and recess 11 is used for crossing the water and crosses the fish, especially can supply fish to pass through smoothly under the low head condition. The water blocking bank 2 is provided with multiple stages, and the multistage water blocking bank 2 is arranged at the lower reaches of the groove 11 on the weir dam body 1, so that water flow and fishes passing through the groove 11 all flow to the water blocking bank 2. Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the multistage water blocking sills 2 are sequentially arranged at intervals from the upstream to the downstream of the river channel 4, a water flow regulating pond 3 is formed between the uppermost water blocking sill 2 and the bottom wall 11a of the groove 11, between the adjacent upper and lower water blocking sills 2, between the uppermost water blocking sill 2 and the weir dam body 1, and between the adjacent upper and lower water blocking sills 2, and then a plurality of water flow regulating ponds 3 are formed between the weir dam body 1 and the lowermost water blocking sills 2, and are sequentially arranged in a stepped fall from the upstream to the downstream of the river channel 4, and each water flow regulating pond 3 has functions of energy dissipation, retention and rest space for fishes, so that the fishes can sequentially pass through each water flow regulating pond 3 from top to bottom, thereby realizing the fish passing function, and meanwhile, each water flow regulating pond 3 can also meet the requirement of fish migration, and the migration fishes can easily cross the water flow regulating ponds 2 at the upstream of each water flow regulating pond 3 from the downstream to enter the upstream of each water flow regulating pond 3 from the downstream In the pool 3, the water flows into the upstream river through the groove 11 on the weir dam body 1 to realize migration. From this, the weir dam structure of this embodiment, recess 11 through offering at weir dam body 1's upper surface and supplying fish to pass through has realized the fish function of crossing of weir dam body 1, and simultaneously, arrange multistage water blocking bank 2 through the low reaches of recess 11 on weir dam body 1 and constitute multistage rivers equalizing basin 3, the route of going to the river migration and freely migrating from top to bottom is provided for fish, can effectively maintain river upstream and downstream water ecosystem's integrality, and have the design simple, later stage operation is maintained and is managed convenient advantage, it is applicable in all aquatic organisms, especially applicable in the design and the transformation of the river blocking weir dam of the administration and ecological environment protection and all low water heads of medium and small-size river.

In this embodiment, the setting position of the groove 11 on the upper surface of the weir dam body 1 and the size of the groove 11 are not limited, and can be determined according to the distribution characteristics of water flow and flow speed on the weir dam body 1 under the upstream water condition of the river 4 and the design condition of the fish passing period (dry period). Preferably, the groove 11 may be formed at an end of the weir dam body 1 near a bank on the side of the river channel 4, and the size of the groove 11 should satisfy a certain water depth condition and a certain flow velocity condition. The shape of the groove 11 is also not limited, and preferably, the overall shape of the groove 11 should be shallow, i.e., have a relatively large width and a relatively small depth. Preferably, the sectional shape of the groove 11 may be U-shaped or rectangular. For facilitating the passing of the fishes, the bottom wall 11a of the groove 11 and the two side walls of the groove 11 should preferably be smooth wall surfaces, and more preferably, referring to fig. 2, the bottom wall 11a of the groove 11 and the back surface 1a of the weir dam body 1 (i.e. the side of the weir dam body 1 facing the downstream of the river 4) are smoothly connected, so as to facilitate the fishes to pass through the bottom wall 11a of the groove 11 from top to bottom or to migrate from bottom to top.

In this embodiment, preferably, the bottom wall 11a of the groove 11 may be provided with a stating step, which may be used for people to pass through, and the stating step may also separate the water flowing through the bottom of the groove 11 into multiple paths, so as to improve the water flowing condition through the bottom of the groove 11. The stating step may be provided in plural, and the plural stating steps are arranged on the groove bottom wall 11a of the groove 11 at intervals in the transverse direction in sequence. The number of stating steps is not limited, and the number of stating steps can be set according to different sizes of the grooves 11.

In this embodiment, preferably, the first notch that runs through the weir dam body 1 along the water flow direction in the river course 4 can be seted up on the tank bottom wall 11a of recess 11, and first notch can increase the water depth of crossing in the recess 11 to the fish function is crossed to the water that passes under the realization lower water level condition, and first notch also can separate into the multichannel with the rivers that flow through the recess 11 bottom simultaneously, plays the effect of improving the water flow condition that flows through the recess 11 bottom. The first recess may be provided in plural, and the plural first recesses are arranged on the groove bottom wall 11a of the groove 11 at intervals in the lateral direction. The number of the first recesses is not limited, and may be designed according to the size of the groove 11. The size of the first notch is not limited, but the first notch can meet the passing requirement of target fishes under the design working condition, so that no matter the upstream water volume of the river channel 4, the upstream water can be ensured to pass through the groove 11.

In this embodiment, preferably, a gate for adjusting the water flow in the groove 11 may be provided in the groove 11, and the water flow and the flow rate flowing through the groove 11 may be adjusted and controlled by the gate. Preferably, the gate is arranged in the groove 11 in a liftable manner, is connected with the driving part, and is driven by the driving part to lift and position the gate at a specified position, so that the regulation and control of the water flow and the flow speed of the groove 11 are realized. Further, can be equipped with the detection piece on the gate, the detection piece is used for detecting the discharge and the velocity of flow through recess 11 and generates the detected signal, detection piece and driving piece all are connected with the controller, the detected signal that the detection piece will detect and generate is carried for the controller, the controller receives this detected signal and generates the action command that rises or descend according to the received detected signal, the controller carries the action command that generates for the driving piece, the driving piece receives and acts in response to this action command, thereby the drive gate rises or descends, thereby realize the automatic control that the gate goes up and down, realize the automatically regulated and the control of recess 11 discharge and velocity of flow promptly. In this embodiment, two side walls of the groove 11 may be provided with a vertically extending chute, and two side edges of the gate may be slidably inserted into the chutes on the two side walls of the groove 11, respectively. The driving piece can adopt a pulley structure and can lift or lower the gate. The detecting member may employ a flow rate sensor. The controller can adopt an existing controller, such as a PLC (programmable logic controller) or a single chip microcomputer.

In this embodiment, referring to fig. 1, preferably, the groove 11 is provided at one end of the weir dam body 1 near the bank on the side of the river channel 4, and the water blocking weir 2 is disposed downstream of the groove 11 in a fan shape with the groove 11 as a center. In this embodiment, one end of the water blocking sill 2 is connected to the bank on one side of the river channel 4, and the other end of the water blocking sill 2 is connected to the back surface 1a of the weir dam body 1, and the shape of the water blocking sill 2 is not limited to an arc shape, but may be a polygon similar to an arc shape, as long as the water blocking sill 2 is approximately arranged in a fan shape with the groove 11 as the center. The grooves 11 are radially distributed at the downstream of the grooves 11 as the centers of the multistage water interception sills 2, and the water interception sills 2 at all stages are fan-shaped by taking the grooves 11 as the centers, so that the cross sectional areas of the water flow regulating ponds 3 at all stages are sequentially increased from the upstream to the downstream, and the openings of the water flow regulating ponds 3 at the lowest stage are larger than the openings of the water flow regulating ponds 3 at the highest stage, so that the finding of a migration inlet (namely the openings of the water flow regulating ponds 3 at the lowest stage) when fishes migrate from bottom to top is facilitated. When the barrage structure of the present embodiment is applied to a smaller river, the water weir 2 may be provided in a form crossing the river 4.

In this embodiment, preferably, the upper surface 2a of the water blocking sill 2 may be provided with a second notch 21 penetrating through the water blocking sill 2 along the water flow direction in the river 4, the second notch 21 may increase the water passing depth of the water blocking sill 2 to realize the function of passing water through the fish under the condition of lower water level, and the second notch 21 may also separate the water flow flowing through the upper surface 2a of the water blocking sill 2 into multiple paths to improve the water flow condition flowing through the upper surface 2a of the water blocking sill 2. The second recess 21 may be provided in plural, and the plural second recesses 21 are arranged at intervals on the water weir 2. Preferably, the plurality of second recesses 21 are symmetrically distributed around the midpoint of the water bar 2 on the water bar 2 with the midpoint of the water bar 2 as the center. The size of the second recess 21 is not limited, but should be determined to meet the passing requirement of the target fish under the design condition.

In this embodiment, preferably, the height difference between the uppermost water-blocking sill 2 and the bottom wall 11a of the groove 11 and the height difference between each adjacent two upper and lower water-blocking sills 2 are the same, so that the water flow regulation pools 3 at each stage are sequentially arranged in a stepped difference form with a constant height difference from the upstream to the downstream of the river 4, thereby maintaining the constant difference of the water levels of the water flow regulation pools 3 at each stage, and facilitating the passing and migration of fish.

Under the condition of medium and high flow rate at which fishes most frequently migrate, the water quantity and flow speed conditions of the bottom wall 11a of the groove 11 and the upstream of each stage of water blocking bank 2 determine whether the fishes which migrate upstream can cross the bottom walls 11a of the water blocking banks 2 and 11 and finally enter an upstream river, and the height difference between the uppermost stage of water blocking bank 2 and the bottom wall 11a of the groove 11 and the height difference between the adjacent upper and lower stages of water blocking banks 2 directly determine the difficulty of the fishes crossing the bottom walls 11a of the water blocking banks 2 and 11, so that in order to ensure that the fishes can migrate smoothly, in the embodiment, preferably, the height difference between the uppermost stage of water blocking bank 2 and the bottom wall 11a of the groove 11 and the height difference between the adjacent upper and lower stages of water blocking banks 2 are not more than 30 cm.

In order to provide enough staying and resting places for fishes and exert effective energy dissipation effect, the capacity of the water flow regulating pool 3 needs to meet the minimum capacity requirement set by calculation, and the maximum water storage depth of the water flow regulating pool 3 can be obtained by calculation according to the minimum capacity requirement needed by the water flow regulating pool 3. In this embodiment, the maximum water storage depth of the flow regulating tank 3 is determined by the height of the water blocking sill 2 located downstream of the flow regulating tank 3 relative to the bottom of the flow regulating tank 3, and preferably, the maximum water storage depth of the flow regulating tank 3 is not less than twice the height drop between the adjacent upper and lower water blocking sills 2.

In this embodiment, preferably, the upper surface 2a of the water blocking sill 2 and the back surface 2b of the water blocking sill 2 (i.e., the side of the water blocking sill 2 facing the downstream of the river 4) are in smooth transition connection, which is beneficial for the fishes to pass through the water blocking sill 2 when going from top to bottom or when migrating from bottom to top. Further, the upper surface 2a of the water blocking sill 2 may be in smooth transition connection with the upstream surface of the water blocking sill 2 (i.e., the side of the water blocking sill 2 facing the upstream of the river 4). Furthermore, the upper surface 2a of the water blocking sill 2 can be an arc surface protruding upwards, so that the top of the water blocking sill 2 can be in a circular arc and smooth dome shape, and the fish can freely migrate and pass through the upstream and downstream.

In this embodiment, in order to ensure the stability and reliability of the structure of the water blocking sill 2, it is preferable that the thickness of the water blocking sill 2 is not less than 20 cm. In order to ensure the durability and the erosion resistance of each stage of the water flow regulating pool 3, the water blocking ridges 2 can be implanted below the bottom surface of the river channel 4 as deep as possible, or a bottom plate is arranged at the bottom of the water flow regulating pool 3 and can be formed by laying concrete or gravel.

In this embodiment, preferably, the downstream side of the lowermost water retaining bank 2 may be provided with a water collecting tank provided with gravel and/or rough stones and/or water plants, that is, the water collecting tank may be provided with any one or a combination of gravel, rough stones and water plants, the gravel and rough stones may be laid on the bottom of the water collecting tank, and the water plants may be planted in the water collecting tank. A water collecting tank with a certain width is connected to the downstream side slope bottom of the lowest water blocking ridge 2, so that on one hand, the effect of fish luring and guiding can be achieved, and help is provided for fishes to quickly find a migration inlet (namely an opening of the lowest level water flow regulating pool 3); on the other hand, the water collecting tank can provide possibility for fish staying at the downstream of the barrage 1 under the condition of low water level to find a sheltering place and survive, and can meet the staying requirement of the fish in the dry season. The cross section area and the depth of the water collecting tank are not limited, and the water collecting tank can be comprehensively analyzed and determined according to the designed runoff condition and the minimum habitat requirement of the target protected fish.

The weir dam structure of this embodiment can transform on current weir dam body 1 on the river and obtain, only need offer recess 11 and set up multistage water blocking bank 3 and water catch bowl structure at recess 11 downstream at current weir dam body 1 can, can realize the ecological transformation of current weir dam structure from this. Of course, the dam structure of the present embodiment may be constructed on a new river.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A weir dam structure comprising:

the dam body (1) stretches across the river channel (4), and a groove (11) penetrating through the dam body (1) along the water flow direction is formed in the upper surface of the dam body (1); and

locate recess (11) low reaches multistage water bar (2), multistage water bar (2) are followed the upper reaches to the low reaches of river course (4) set up at interval in proper order, the top one-level water bar (2) with between the tank bottom wall (11a) of recess (11), adjacent upper and lower two-stage all have the height drop between water bar (2), and the top one-level water bar (2) with between weir dam body (1), adjacent upper and lower two-stage all form rivers regulating reservoir (3) between water bar (2).

2. The weir dam structure according to claim 1, wherein the bottom wall (11a) of the groove (11) is provided with a first recess extending through the weir body (1) in the direction of water flow.

3. Weir dam structure according to claim 1, wherein in the trough (11) there is provided a gate for regulating the flow of water in the trough (11).

4. The weir structure according to claim 1, wherein the bottom wall (11a) of the groove (11) is provided with a stating step.

5. The weir dam structure according to claim 1, wherein the groove (11) is provided at an end of the weir body (1) adjacent to a bank on a side of the waterway (4), and the weir (2) is disposed downstream of the groove (11) in a fan shape centered on the groove (11).

6. The weir dam structure according to claim 1, wherein the upper surface (2a) of the water weir (2) is provided with a second recess (21) penetrating the water weir (2) in the direction of water flow.

7. The weir dam structure according to claim 1, wherein the height difference between the water interception sill (2) of the uppermost stage and the bottom wall (11a) of the groove (11) and the height difference between the water interception sills (2) of the respective adjacent upper and lower stages are the same.

8. The weir dam structure according to claim 1, wherein a height difference between the water interception sill (2) of the uppermost stage and the bottom wall (11a) of the groove (11) and a height difference between the water interception sills (2) of the respective adjacent upper and lower stages are not more than 30 cm.

9. The weir dam structure according to claim 1, wherein the maximum impoundment depth of the flow regulating ponds (3) is not less than twice the height drop between the adjacent upper and lower stages of the damming banks (2).

10. The weir dam structure according to claim 1, wherein a downstream side of the water-damming weir (2) of the lowermost stage is provided with a water collection trough provided with sand gravel and/or brute stones and/or water grass.