CN111535257A

CN111535257A - Dam combined structure

Info

Publication number: CN111535257A
Application number: CN202010485343.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 程南宁
Original assignee: Shanghai Investigation Design and Research Institute Co Ltd SIDRI
Current assignee: Shanghai Investigation Design and Research Institute Co Ltd SIDRI
Priority date: 2020-06-01
Filing date: 2020-06-01
Publication date: 2020-08-14

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic engineering, in particular to a weir dam combined structure, which comprises: the dam is arranged along the transverse direction of the river channel, and the first end of the dam is connected with the first side bank of the river channel; the fish slope is arranged between the second end of the weir dam and the second side bank of the river channel, the fish slope comprises multi-stage water blocking sills which are sequentially arranged from the upstream to the downstream of the river channel at intervals, height drops are formed between the adjacent upper and lower water blocking sills, and a reservoir is formed between the adjacent upper and lower water blocking sills; and the wing wall is arranged between the weir dam and the fish slope and separates the weir dam from the fish slope. The basic functions of river blocking and water retaining facilities such as water storage, flood control and landscape are realized through the weir dam, meanwhile, a path for the fishes to migrate and freely migrate upstream and downstream is provided through the fish slope, the integrity of a water ecosystem upstream and downstream of the river can be effectively maintained, and the river blocking and water retaining facility has the advantages of being simple in design, convenient to operate and maintain in later period and convenient to manage.

Description

Dam combined structure

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic engineering, in particular to a weir dam combined structure.

Background

In river management, in order to meet the requirements of functions such as flood control, water storage, irrigation, landscape and life, river-blocking and water-retaining facilities such as flap gates, rubber dams and overflow weirs are generally constructed across rivers. The construction of the river blocking and water retaining facilities meets the requirements of human beings, and meanwhile, the negative influence on the ecological environment of the river is inevitable. On one hand, the river blocking and water retaining facility can obstruct natural runoff of a river, a still water area is generated in an upstream area of the river, and water quantity is reduced or even the water is cut off in a downstream area of the river, so that local water quality of the river is deteriorated and habitats of upstream and downstream organisms are changed. On the other hand, the construction of river-blocking and water-retaining facilities crossing rivers can seriously affect fishes living in the rivers, block the paths of the organisms such as the fishes migrating along the rivers and the free migration of the upstream and downstream, and cause the disruption of the river habitat, so that the habitats of the organisms originally living in the rivers, particularly the short-distance migratory fishes, are destroyed and cannot survive, thereby causing the reduction of the biological diversity of the rivers and even the extinction of some rare fishes. In addition, the construction of river-blocking and water-retaining facilities can also influence the downward transportation of upstream nutrient substances and the supplement of upstream spawning area seedling to downstream resources.

In order to solve the adverse effect of river-blocking water-retaining facilities on organisms such as fish, the currently mainly adopted engineering measures comprise building fish-passing facilities such as fishways, setting water quantity drainage facilities, proliferating and releasing, implementing ecological dispatching, building fish protection areas and the like. Among them, building fish-passing facilities such as fishways and the like and proliferation and releasing are the most common. However, since the conventional fish-passing facilities such as fishways are often designed for fish of specific protected objects, functions of other organisms, energy balance and exchange of upstream and downstream substances, maintenance of integrity of water ecosystems of upstream and downstream rivers and the like are rarely considered in the design, the design is relatively complex, the construction cost is high, and the later maintenance and management are inconvenient, so that the conventional fish-passing facilities are mainly applied to power stations and reservoir engineering of large rivers and are rarely used in the treatment of medium and small rivers. With the gradual improvement of ecological environment protection consciousness, ecological research is carried out on a large number of small and medium-sized river blocking water retaining facilities, adverse ecological influence of the river blocking water retaining facilities is relieved, and the ecological river blocking water retaining facilities are a realistic problem to be solved urgently.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a weir dam assembly structure with a fish passing function, so as to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a weir dam assembly comprising: the dam is arranged along the transverse direction of the river channel, and the first end of the dam is connected with the first side bank of the river channel; the fish slope is arranged between the second end of the weir dam and the second side bank of the river channel, the fish slope comprises multi-stage water blocking sills which are sequentially arranged from the upstream to the downstream of the river channel at intervals, height drops are formed between the adjacent upper and lower water blocking sills, and a reservoir is formed between the adjacent upper and lower water blocking sills; and the wing wall is arranged between the weir dam and the fish slope and separates the weir dam from the fish slope.

Preferably, the height difference between each two adjacent upper and lower water blocking sills is the same.

Preferably, the height drop between each two adjacent upper and lower water blocking sills is not more than 30 cm.

Preferably, the maximum water storage depth of the water storage tank is not less than twice of the height drop between the adjacent upper and lower water retaining sills.

Preferably, smooth transition connection is respectively formed between the upper surface of the water blocking sill and the water facing side surface of the water blocking sill facing the upstream of the river channel, and between the upper surface of the water blocking sill and the water backing side surface of the water blocking sill facing the downstream of the river channel.

Preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the upper surface of the water weir is any one or a combination of more of a concave arc shape, a V shape and a W shape.

Preferably, the height of the wing wall is not lower than that of the uppermost water-retaining sill.

Preferably, the wing walls are arranged in a direction offset from the centre line of the channel from upstream to downstream of the channel.

Preferably, a fish rest area is arranged on the downstream side of the lowest water retaining bank, and sand gravel and/or brute stones and/or waterweeds are arranged in the fish rest area.

Preferably, the back surface of the barrage facing the downstream of the river channel is a roughened slope surface, and the bottom of the back surface is provided with concrete and/or rock blocks and/or brute stones.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable progress that:

the weir dam combination structure of the invention realizes the basic functions of water storage, flood control, landscape and other river-blocking and water-retaining facilities through the weir dam, and simultaneously provides a path for fishes to migrate to the river and freely migrate upstream and downstream through the fish slope. Multistage water blocking bank on fish slope has formed the multistage cistern that is the stairstepping fall and arranges in proper order along the upper reaches to low reaches in river course, the cistern of all levels all has the energy dissipation and provides the dwell for fish, the function in rest place, make fish can loop through the cistern of all levels from top to bottom, realize the fish function of crossing on fish slope, and simultaneously, fish slope also can satisfy the demand of fish migration, the migration fish can cross the water blocking bank on each level of cistern upper reaches from low reaches in proper order and get into the upper strata cistern more easily, it gets into the upper reaches river to cross the uppermost one-level water blocking bank, realize the migration. Therefore, the weir dam combined structure can effectively maintain the integrity of the water ecological systems of the upstream and the downstream of the river, has the advantages of simple design and convenient later-period operation maintenance and management, can be suitable for all aquatic organisms, and is particularly suitable for the treatment of medium and small rivers and the ecological environment protection.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of a weir dam assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a fish slope in a weir dam assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Wherein the reference numerals are as follows:

1. weir 1a, first end of weir

1b, second end 2 of barrage, fish slope

21. Water blocking sill 21a, upper surface of water blocking sill

21b, water-facing side 21c and water-backing side

22. Reservoir 3, wing wall

4. Center line of river channel 4a and river channel

41. First side bank 42 and second side bank

5. Fish rest area

Detailed Description

The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

In addition, in the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, one embodiment of the weir dam assembly of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1, the weir combination structure of the present embodiment includes a weir 1, a fish slope 2, and a wing wall 3. Wherein, the weir dam 1 is along the horizontal arrangement of river course 4, and the weir dam 1 is arranged perpendicularly to the river promptly, and weir dam 1 is used for realizing retaining, flood control and view function. The river channel 4 has a first river bank 41 and a second river bank 42 which are opposite along the transverse direction of the river channel, the barrage 1 has a first end 1a and a second end 1b which are opposite along the transverse direction of the barrage, the first end 1a of the barrage 1 is connected with the first side river bank 41 of the river channel 4, the fish slope 2 is arranged between the second end 1b of the barrage 1 and the second side river bank 42 of the river channel 4, the wing wall 3 is arranged between the barrage 1 and the fish slope 2, and the wing wall 3 separates the barrage 1 from the fish slope 2. The wing walls 3 serve as a flow divider for directing part of the water flow into the fish ramp 2. The fish slope 2 is used for realizing the function of excessively passing fish. Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the fish slope 2 includes a plurality of stages of water blocking sills 21, the plurality of stages of water blocking sills 21 are sequentially arranged at intervals from upstream to downstream of the river channel 4, a height drop is formed between adjacent upper and lower stages of water blocking sills 21, a reservoir 22 is formed between adjacent upper and lower stages of water blocking sills 21, and the reservoir 22 is formed by enclosing a wing wall 3, adjacent upper and lower stages of water blocking sills 21, and a second side bank 42 of the river channel 4. In this embodiment, the fish slope 2 has the multistage cistern 22 that is the stairstepping fall and arranges in proper order along the upper reaches to the low reaches of river course 4, cistern 22 at different levels all has the energy dissipation and provides the dwell for fish, the function of rest place, make fish can loop through cistern 22 at different levels from top to bottom, realize the fish function of crossing of fish slope 2, and simultaneously, fish slope 2 also can satisfy the demand of fish migration, the migratory fish can cross the bank of blocking 21 entering upper-level cistern 22 at different levels of cistern 22 upper reaches from the low reaches in proper order more easily, it blocks the bank of blocking 21 entering upper reaches river to cross the top one-level until, realize the migration. From this, the weir dam integrated configuration of this embodiment has realized retaining, flood control and view etc. through weir dam 1 and has blocked the basic function of manger plate facility, simultaneously, provides the route of the migration of tracing to the river and freely migrating upstream and downstream for fish through fish slope 2, can effectively maintain river upstream and downstream water ecosystem's integrality, and have the advantage that the design is simple, later stage operation is maintained and the management is convenient, applicable in all aquatic organisms, especially applicable in the improvement and the ecological environment protection of middle-size and small-size river.

In this embodiment, the form of the weir 1 is not limited, and a wide top weir, an overflow weir, or a utility weir may be used, and the top of the weir 1 overflows. Preferably, the back surface of the dam 1 facing the downstream of the river 4 is a roughened slope surface for energy dissipation, and the slope of the roughened slope surface can be close to nature as much as possible. Preferably, a force-dissipating and impact-preventing facility is provided at the bottom of the weir dam 1 facing the back water surface downstream of the river 4, for preventing the bottom of the roughened slope from collapsing due to direct reconnection and impact of the water flow. The anti-scour facilities can be concrete and/or rock blocks and/or brute stones which are placed at the bottom of the back water surface of the barrage 1 facing the downstream of the river channel 4, namely the anti-scour facilities can be any one or combination of the concrete, the rock blocks and the brute stones, and can play a good role in anti-scour.

In this embodiment, the top of the barrage 1 overflows, so that the height of the uppermost water retaining bank 21 does not exceed the height of the barrage 1, in order to facilitate the fish entering the fish slope 2.

In this embodiment, fish slope 2 sets up in one side of river course 4, the maintenance of can being convenient for, according to the difference of practical application's 4 conditions in river course, can select directly to set up fish slope 2 in original river course 4, also can newly expand a by-pass at one side bank of river course 4 for set up fish slope 2.

In this embodiment, preferably, the height difference between each two adjacent upper and lower water blocking sills 21 is the same, so that the reservoirs 22 at different levels are sequentially arranged in a stepped difference with a constant height difference from the upstream to the downstream of the river 4, thereby maintaining the constant height difference of the water level of the reservoirs 22 at different levels in the fish slope 2, and being more beneficial to the passing and migration of fish.

Under the condition of medium and high flow rate at which fishes most frequently migrate, the conditions of water quantity and flow speed at the upstream of each level of water blocking sills 21 determine whether the fishes going back to the upstream can cross each level of water blocking sills 21 and finally enter an upstream river, and the height difference between the adjacent upper and lower two levels of water blocking sills 21 directly determines the difficulty of the fishes crossing each level of water blocking sills 21, so that in order to ensure that the fishes can smoothly migrate, in the embodiment, preferably, the height difference between each adjacent upper and lower two levels of water blocking sills 21 is not more than 30 cm.

In order to provide enough staying and resting places for the fishes and exert effective energy dissipation effect, the capacity of the water storage tank 22 needs to meet the minimum capacity requirement set by calculation, and the maximum water storage depth of the water storage tank 22 can be obtained by calculation according to the minimum capacity requirement needed to be met by the water storage tank 22. In this embodiment, the maximum storage depth of the water reservoir 22 is determined by the height of the water blocking sill 21 located downstream of the water reservoir 22 relative to the bottom of the water reservoir 22, and preferably, the maximum storage depth of the water reservoir 22 is not less than twice the height drop between the adjacent upper and lower water blocking sills 21.

In this embodiment, preferably, smooth transition connections are formed between the upper surface 21a of the water interception sill 21 and the water-facing side surface 21b of the water interception sill 21 facing the upstream of the river channel 4, and between the upper surface 21a of the water interception sill 21 and the water-backing side surface 21c of the water interception sill 21 facing the downstream of the river channel 4, so as to facilitate free migration and passing of fish upstream and downstream. Further, the upper surface 21a of the water interceptor 21 may be an upwardly convex arc surface, so that the top of the water interceptor 21 is in the form of an arc and a smooth dome, which is more beneficial for fish to freely migrate and pass upstream and downstream.

In this embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the upper surface 21a of the water blocking sill 21 may be any one or a combination of a concave arc, a V-shape and a W-shape, which is suitable for the fish passing and migration requirements of different fishes and is beneficial for the fishes to pass through. Further, an opening penetrating through the water blocking sill 21 in the water flow direction may be formed in the upper surface 21a of the water blocking sill 21, and the opening may be a U-shaped opening or a rectangular opening, so as to improve the water flow condition and facilitate the passing of fish.

In this embodiment, in order to ensure the stability and reliability of the structure of the water blocking sill 21, it is preferable that the thickness of the water blocking sill 21 is not less than 20 cm. In order to ensure the durability and corrosion resistance of the fish slope 2, the water retaining bank 21 can be embedded as deep as possible below the bottom surface of the river 4, or a bottom plate can be arranged at the bottom of the reservoir 22 and can be formed by laying concrete or gravel.

In this embodiment, preferably, the height of the wing wall 3 is not lower than the height of the uppermost water interception sill 21, and the heights of the water interception sills 21 at the downstream of the uppermost water interception sill 21 are all lower than the height of the wing wall 3. Thereby enabling the wing walls 3 to effectively separate the barrage 1 from the fish slope 2.

In this embodiment, it is preferable that the wing walls 3 are arranged in a direction offset from the center line 4a of the river 4 from the upstream to the downstream of the river 4, that is, the upstream ends of the wing walls 3 are farther from the center line 4a of the river 4, and the downstream ends of the wing walls 3 are closer to the center line 4a of the river 4. Therefore, the downstream opening of the fish slope 2 is larger than the upstream opening of the fish slope 2, and a migration inlet (namely the downstream opening of the fish slope 2) can be found when the fishes migrate from bottom to top. Of course, the wing walls 3 may also be arranged in a direction parallel to the centerline 4a of the channel 4, as required by the conditions of the channel 4 in the actual application.

In this embodiment, the setting position of the wing wall 3 in the horizontal direction of the river channel 4 can be determined by calculation, so as to ensure that the flow of the river water in the river channel 4 is mainly distributed to one side of the barrage 1 and a small amount of the river water is distributed to one side of the fish slope 2. Specifically, the horizontal ascending rivers flow distribution in river course 4 is can be through calculating the acquisition, and after knowing the horizontal ascending rivers flow distribution in river course 4, the position that sets up of wing wall 3 should avoid the position of rivers maximum flow and be close to one side river bank of river course 4 for fish slope 2 can shunt a small amount of rivers can.

In this embodiment, preferably, the downstream side of the lowest water blocking threshold 21 of the fish slope 2 is provided with a fish resting area 5, the fish resting area 5 is provided with sand gravel and/or rough stones and/or aquatic weeds, that is, the fish resting area 5 is provided with any one or combination of sand gravel, rough stones and aquatic weeds, the sand gravel and the rough stones can be laid at the bottom of the fish resting area 5, and the aquatic weeds can be planted in the fish resting area 5. The grading of sand and gravel and the size of the riprap can be determined experimentally or empirically, depending on the height of the weir 1 and the maximum available head during flood season. The bottom of the downstream side slope of the lowest water blocking ridge 21 of the fish slope 2 is connected with a fish rest area 5 with a certain width, on one hand, the flow discharged from the fish slope 2 is converged into the fish rest area 5, and the fish rest area 5 can play a role in attracting fish and guiding the fish, so that the fish can quickly find the entrance of the fish slope 2 to provide help; on the other hand, the fish resting area 5 can provide a possibility for fish staying downstream of the barrage 1 under low water level to find a shelter and survive.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A weir dam assembly structure, comprising:

the dam (1) is arranged along the transverse direction of the river channel (4), and a first end (1a) of the dam (1) is connected with a first side river bank (41) of the river channel (4);

the fish slope (2) is arranged between the second end (1b) of the weir dam (1) and a second side bank (42) of the river channel (4), the fish slope (2) comprises a plurality of stages of water blocking sills (21) which are sequentially arranged from the upstream to the downstream of the river channel (4) at intervals, height drop exists between the adjacent upper and lower stages of the water blocking sills (21), and a reservoir (22) is formed between the adjacent upper and lower stages of the water blocking sills (21); and

the wing wall (3) is arranged between the barrage (1) and the fish slope (2), and the barrage (1) is separated from the fish slope (2) by the wing wall (3).

2. The weir dam assembly structure according to claim 1, wherein the height difference between each adjacent upper and lower stages of the water dams (21) is the same.

3. The weir dam assembly structure according to claim 1, wherein the height difference between each adjacent upper and lower stages of the water retaining sills (21) is not more than 30 cm.

4. The weir dam assembly of claim 1 wherein the maximum impounded water depth of the impounded water reservoir (22) is no less than twice the height drop between adjacent upper and lower stages of the water dams (21).

5. The weir dam assembly structure according to claim 1, wherein the upper surface (21a) of the water interception sill (21) is smoothly transitionally connected with the upstream side (21b) of the water interception sill (21) facing the upstream of the river channel (4), and the upper surface (21a) of the water interception sill (21) is smoothly transitionally connected with the downstream side (21c) of the water interception sill (21) facing the downstream of the river channel (4).

6. The weir dam assembly structure according to claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the upper surface (21a) of the water weir (21) is any one or a combination of concave arc, V-shape and W-shape.

7. A weir dam assembly according to claim 1, wherein the height of the wing walls (3) is not lower than the height of the uppermost one of the water retaining sills (21).

8. The weir dam assembly according to claim 1, wherein the wing walls (3) are arranged in a direction offset from the centerline (4a) of the waterway (4) from upstream to downstream of the waterway (4).

9. A weir and dam assembly according to claim 1, wherein the downstream side of the water-damming sill (21) of the lowermost stage is provided with a fish resting zone (5), and the fish resting zone (5) is provided with gravel and/or riprap and/or waterweeds.

10. A weir dam assembly according to claim 1, wherein the weir dam (1) is a rough slope facing the back surface downstream of the waterway (4), the bottom of the back surface being provided with concrete and/or stones and/or ripstones.