CN106759166B

CN106759166B - Multifunctional sunken shunting ecological fishway

Info

Publication number: CN106759166B
Application number: CN201710063424.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 苏东喜; 曹伟; 田雨普
Original assignee: Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co Ltd
Current assignee: Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co Ltd
Priority date: 2017-02-03
Filing date: 2017-02-03
Publication date: 2022-03-18
Anticipated expiration: 2037-02-03
Also published as: CN106759166A

Abstract

The invention discloses a multifunctional sunken split-flow ecological fishway which comprises a fishway body arranged between the upstream and downstream of a riverbed, wherein a concrete drainage steep slope is arranged at the middle position of the bottom of the fishway body along the water flow direction, ecological bottom protecting layers are laid in grooves at two sides of the concrete drainage steep slope, inclined cross partition plates with deflection angles of 7-12 degrees are arranged in the grooves at the two sides of the concrete drainage steep slope at intervals along the water flow direction, deceleration holes and fish passing holes are formed in the inclined cross partition plates, and the deceleration holes and the fish passing holes are higher than the upper slope of the concrete drainage steep slope. The invention realizes the division of the fishway by arranging the drainage steep slope and the groove at the bottom and arranging the inclined fish passing plate in the groove, creates various water flow states of urgency, slowness, stillness and interval transition, fully simulates the natural living environment of aquatic organisms and fishes, and is more beneficial to the survival, transition and migration of various fishes, aquatic animals and aquatic plants; meanwhile, the transverse partition plate with local speed reduction is beneficial to the safety of the fishway structure, and the engineering investment is saved.

Description

Multifunctional sunken shunting ecological fishway

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower hub buildings, in particular to a multifunctional sunken shunting ecological fishway arranged between the upstream and the downstream of a steep slope section river channel for upstream countercurrent spawning of migration fishes.

Background

In a river channel area where a dam, a sluice and other river-blocking buildings are built, an artificial fishway is usually required to be built to protect the habit of the fishes migrating upstream to lay eggs. Fishways are classified into pool type and trough type. The pool type fishway occupies a large area and is limited in application; the channel fishway is similar to a river and can adopt a single channel type, a denier type and a transverse clapboard type. The single groove type is mostly a straight groove and a step bottom slope, has simple structure and is suitable for a short gentle slope connection mode; the daniel type fish tank is provided with the baffle plate and the bottom ridge on the tank wall and the tank bottom, can dissipate energy and reduce speed, and is suitable for hubs with small water heads and stronger fishes; the transverse partition plate type fishway or fish ladder has the advantages that the partition plates with fish holes and the same width as the fishway are adopted, the total water level difference between the upper part and the lower part of the water tank is divided into a plurality of step pool chambers, energy dissipation is realized by utilizing water cushions, along-the-way friction resistance and water flow opposite flushing and diffusion, the flow state is improved, the flow speed of fish passing through the fish holes is reduced, the requirements of different conventional fishes are met by adjusting the form, the position and the size of the fish holes, and the transverse partition plate type fishway or fish ladder is simple in structure and convenient to maintain and is widely applied to pivot buildings with larger water heads. However, the shelf of the existing transverse partition plate groove type fishway is in a full-section form, the fishway has large water flow resistance, small water flow throughput and insufficient drainage capacity, and meanwhile, the water flow state is single, the fishway is not suitable for aquatic plant growth, and the fishway still has great difference with the natural living environment of fishes.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a multifunctional sunken shunting ecological fishway, and aims to solve the problems that the conventional transverse partition plate groove type fishway is small in water flow and cannot well simulate the natural living environment of fishes.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the multifunctional sunken split-flow ecological fishway comprises a fishway body arranged between the upstream and downstream of a riverbed, wherein a concrete drainage steep slope is arranged at the middle position of the bottom of the fishway body along the water flow direction, ecological bottom protecting layers are laid in grooves on two sides of the concrete drainage steep slope, inclined cross partition plates with deflection angles of 7-12 degrees are arranged in the grooves at vertical intervals along the water flow direction, and the inclined cross partition plates are provided with speed reducing holes and fish passing holes which are higher than the upper slope surface of the concrete drainage steep slope.

The width of the concrete drainage steep slope accounts for 2/3 of the width of the fishway body, and the width of each groove accounts for 1/6 of the width of the fishway body.

Sawtooth-shaped energy dissipation steps are arranged on the concrete water drainage steep slope at intervals along the water flow direction.

According to the multifunctional sunken shunting ecological fishway provided by the invention, the drainage steep slope and the groove are arranged at the bottom, and the inclined fish passing plate is arranged in the groove, so that the fishway is partitioned, various water flow patterns of urgency, slowness, quiescence and interval transition are created, the natural living environment of aquatic organisms and fishes is fully simulated, and the multifunctional sunken shunting ecological fishway is more beneficial to the survival, transition and migration of various fishes, aquatic animals and aquatic plants; meanwhile, the transverse partition plate with local speed reduction is beneficial to the safety of the fishway structure, and the engineering investment is saved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the cross-sectional structure in the direction I-O-I in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG. 1 (omitting the ecological soil-protecting layer).

Fig. 4 is a partial perspective view of fig. 1 (omitting ecological base protection layer).

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1-4, the multifunctional sunken shunting ecological fishway of the invention comprises a fishway body arranged between the upstream and downstream of a riverbed, wherein a concrete drainage steep slope 1 is arranged at the middle position of the bottom of the fishway body along the water flow direction, and the two ends of the upstream and downstream are provided with a tooth wall undercut protection; grooves 2a and 2b are naturally formed on two sides of the concrete drainage steep slope 1, and an ecological bottom protecting layer 3 (shown in figure 2) consisting of scattered riprap and an ecological soil bag is laid; inclined transverse partition plates 4 with deflection angles alpha of 7-12 degrees are arranged in the grooves 2a and 2b at intervals along the water flow direction, the inclined transverse partition plates 4 are of reinforced concrete structures, and a plurality of speed reducing holes 5a and fish passing holes 5b in different shapes are arranged in the area higher than the upper slope surface of the concrete drainage steep slope 1 so as to reduce the flow speed of the fish passing holes 5b and meet the requirements of different species of fishes.

Above-mentioned ecological fish way of multi-functional sunken reposition of redundant personnel divide into three rivers region: the intermediate concrete drainage steep slope 1 belongs to a torrent area and mainly plays a role in drainage; the grooves 2a and 2b on the two sides are internally embedded with inclined transverse clapboards 4 at intervals, the lower parts of the inclined transverse clapboards 4 are of solid structures, the lower parts of the grooves can be divided into static water areas (the depth is not less than 0.5 m) sealed all around, the bottom of each area is of a flat bottom (as shown in figure 3) or a two-stage step structure, an ecological bottom protection layer 3 is paved, water plants and the like are planted, and an environment which is favorable for growth of aquatic plants and inhabitation of aquatic animals is formed; the upper part of the inclined transverse clapboard 4 is provided with a deceleration hole 5a and a fish passing hole 5b which can shunt a small amount of water, block water flow energy through the hole, mix with the flat-bottom or step-shaped still water area groove water body to dissipate energy, block up the water level, reduce the flow velocity, and form a slow flow area suitable for passing and survival of fishes and aquatic organisms.

The slope drop i of the acute flow area is larger than the critical slope drop i_kFroude number Fr is more than 1, water flow is rapid, and the overflow rate is large; the slope drop of the inner bottom of each subarea formed by the adjacent inclined diaphragm plates in the two side slow flow areas is i =0, Fr is less than 1, the flow split quantity through the holes is small, and the water flow is slow; the still water area has certain non-overflowing space, and the water flow rate v is approximately equal to 0.

In order to prevent the speed of the discharged water from being too fast, saw-toothed energy dissipation steps are arranged on the concrete drainage steep slope 1 at intervals along the water flow direction for energy dissipation and speed reduction.

A large amount of experimental data show that when the widths of the grooves 2a and 2b on the two sides are equal and the concrete drainage steep slope 1 occupies 2/3 of the width of the fishway body, the flow dividing effect of the invention is best.

During design and construction, the invention is arranged by combining the height difference of the upper and lower reaches of the river bed, so that the river bed is gradually connected with the natural river channel, and the longitudinal slope is slowed down as much as possible to be 1: preferably 2. The fishway width is determined according to the water depth of the natural river fish in the active period and the fishway design discharge, and the fishway height is determined by the maximum overflow corresponding water depth and the ultrahigh height and combining with the terrain.

Claims

1. The utility model provides an ecological fishway of reposition of redundant personnel of multi-functional sunken formula, includes the fishway body of setting between riverbed upper and lower stream, its characterized in that: the fishway comprises a fishway body and is characterized in that a concrete water drainage steep slope is arranged at the middle position of the bottom of the fishway body along the water flow direction, ecological bottom protection layers are laid in grooves on two sides of the concrete water drainage steep slope, inclined cross plates with deflection angles of 7-12 degrees are arranged at vertical intervals along the water flow direction, a speed reduction hole and a fish passing hole are formed in each inclined cross plate, and the speed reduction hole and the fish passing hole are both higher than the upper slope surface of the concrete water drainage steep slope.

2. The multifunctional sunken shunting ecological fishway of claim 1, characterized in that: the width of the concrete drainage steep slope accounts for 2/3 of the width of the fishway body, and the width of each groove accounts for 1/6 of the width of the fishway body.

3. The multifunctional sunken shunting ecological fishway of claim 1, characterized in that: sawtooth-shaped energy dissipation steps are arranged on the concrete water drainage steep slope at intervals along the water flow direction.