RU2239021C2 - Chute - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydraulic structures, particularly solidifying erosive or sagging ground.

SUBSTANCE: chute comprises inlet, water-pass and outlet parts having trapezoidal cross-sections, formed of gabions filled with stones and laid on prepared base made as inverse filter. Outlet part is made as water apron. Inlet, water-pass and apron parts are connected one to another and are not separated one from another by structural joints. Above parts are created of semi-cylindrical gabions so that gabion ridges face upwards and extend transversely to longitudinal axis of water flow. Gabions are formed by connecting upper and lower nets placed in water flow direction with the use of wires and by filling gap between nets with stones. Cavities defined between semi-cylindrical gabions and having curvilinear triangular cross-section with apex facing downwards are filled with concrete so that functional joints are created along gabion ridges. Inlet part adjoining water inlet channel and outlet part end are embedded in ground.

EFFECT: increased efficiency and operational reliability, extended service life.

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Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering and land reclamation construction and can be used as a mating structure in eroded and subsidence soils.

Known spillway [1], containing a spillway, between the gobies of which are recesses and cantilevers or springboards, by which the stream is divided into jets falling in rows on jet reflectors with ridges at the apex. The lateral surfaces of the jet reflectors direct them into the chambers where they collide. The jet deflectors are adjacent to the waterhole threshold.

The disadvantages of this technical solution are:

- fastening over time can be destroyed as a result of the hydrodynamic effects of the flow on the design of the rapid current;

- the rigidity of the design of the rapid flow negatively affects the work and can be subjected to severe destruction during operation;

- the design of the rapid current is not applicable on subsiding soils;

- the durability of such structures is small.

The closest technical solution is the speed for heaving soils [2], containing the inlet part, water supply and waterway, made of flexible elements - hollow boxes located on the back filter layer.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is that:

- the inlet part, the watercourse, the water part, and the boxes are not interconnected, and this, when subsiding, can lead to the formation of gaps into which small particles of the base soil will be carried;

- the design of the fast current is a rather complicated technical solution, which will be reflected in the reliability in operation and cost;

- the design does not have a rigid stable laying.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency and reliability in operation, as well as the service life of the rapid flow.

This goal is achieved by the fact that on the prepared base rolls of mesh are laid, with a small overlap on each other, preferably along the direction of flow. The nets are interconnected so that a continuous mesh carpet is formed. The prepared base is a reverse filter, which prevents possible mechanical suffusion of the soil by a possible filtration flow. On a continuous grid carpet, stones are laid in half cylinders, with the ridges oriented upward, with a transverse orientation to the direction of the longitudinal axis of the flow. The nets, as a rule, have a width of 1.5-2 m and a length of 10 m. Further along the top of the stones, mesh rolls are also laid in the longitudinal direction, to enhance the structural integrity of the fast current, which are tied to the lower mesh by a mounting wire so that there are stones inside them tightly pressed against each other. So, one after the other, on the uphill slope, semi-cylindrical gabions are constructed. The height of the half-cylinders depends on the characteristics of the flow and the eroded channel and is in the range of 0.2-0.5 m.

To increase stiffness and prevent abrasion of the mesh by sediments, the formed space between adjacent gabions having a curved triangular cross-sectional shape, with the top oriented downward, is filled with concrete with an excess of 5-15 cm above the crest. Expansion joints are provided along the crest of half-cylindrical gabions, which break the flexible combined fastening in the transverse direction to separate interconnected elements.

The input part of the fast current is embedded in the ground, which enhances its static and antifiltration stability. The depth of embedment depends on the specific conditions and type of soil of the base and can be 10-20% of the height of the drop. Sealing favorably affects the anti-filtration stability, since it lengthens the filtration path, being a kind of tongue, thereby reducing the filtration gradients in the underground circuit.

The output part of the fast current is a water well and is calculated according to known hydraulic dependencies. The end of the output part is embedded in the ground and enhances the anti-filtration stability of the quick-flow structure, reducing the output filtration gradients. The closing of the output part also prevents possible washouts of the water well. The embedment depth also depends on the specific conditions and type of soil of the base and can be 10-20% of the height of the drop.

Figure 1 shows the rapid flow, a longitudinal section; figure 2 - plan speed; figure 3 is a section 1-1 in figure 1; figure 4 - node a in figure 1.

The fast flow 1 is interfaced with the supply channel 2 and consists of an interconnecting input part 3, a water supply 4 and a water supply 5. Water is discharged from the water production well to the discharge channel 6. The input 3 has a seal 7 into the ground, and the water supply has a seal 8. Quick 1 stacked on the prepared base in the form of a inverse filter 9. The designs of the inlet, water supply and waterway parts are interconnected semi-cylindrical gabions made by connecting the upper roll of mesh 10 and the lower a mesh roll 11 with the space between them being filled with stone 12. The upper mesh rolls 10 and the lower mesh rolls 11 are connected to each other by a mounting wire 13. The formed space between the half-cylindrical gabions is filled with concrete 14 with the device of expansion joints 15 along the ridge.

Quick-speed is mounted and works as follows.

The speed 1 is arranged on the inverse filter 9, on which the rolls of the mesh 11 are stacked, with a small overlap on each other, preferably along the direction of flow. The nets 11 are interconnected so that a continuous net carpet is formed. The prepared base is a return filter 9, which prevents possible mechanical suffusion of the soil by a possible filtration flow. Stones 12 are laid on a continuous net carpet with half-cylinders with upwardly oriented ridges with a transverse orientation to the direction of the longitudinal axis of the flow. Next, a grid of 10 is laid along the top in the longitudinal direction, which is tied to the bottom grid by a mounting wire 13 so that there are stones 12 inside them tightly pressed against each other. So, one after the other, on the uphill slope, semi-cylindrical gabions are constructed. The height of the half-cylinders depends on the characteristics of the flow and the eroded channel and is in the range of 0.2-0.5 m.

To increase stiffness and prevent abrasion of the mesh by 10 sediments, the formed space between adjacent gabions having a curved triangular cross-sectional shape, with the top oriented downward, is filled with concrete 14 with an excess of 5-15 cm above the crest. Expansion joints 15 are provided along the crest of half-cylindrical gabions that break fast flow in the transverse direction to separate interconnected elements that allow small deformations relative to each other while maintaining design hydrochloric integrity of the structure.

The input part 3 of the rapid current 1, adjacent to the supply channel 2, has a seal 7 in the ground, which enhances its static and antifiltration stability. The depth of incorporation 7 depends on the specific conditions and type of soil of the base and may be 10-15% of the height of the drop. Sealing 7 favorably affects the antifiltration stability, since it lengthens the filtration path, being a kind of tongue, thereby reducing the filtration gradients in the underground circuit.

The output part 5 of the fast current 1, adjacent to the outlet channel 6, is a water well and is calculated according to known hydraulic dependencies. The end of the output part is also embedded in the ground and enhances the anti-filtration stability of the quick-flow structure, reducing the output filtration gradients. Sealing 8 of the output part also prevents possible washouts of the water well. The depth of incorporation 8 also depends on the specific conditions and type of soil of the base and can be 10-15% of the height of the drop.

The proposed technical solution of the rapid flow has several advantages over others previously known, namely: design flexibility, for which possible deformations caused by mechanical suffusion or subsidence during operation of the structure are not dangerous. The climatic conditions in which alternating freezing and thawing occur are not dangerous. Coating with semi-cylindrical gabions with concrete significantly increases the service life, completely preventing the possibility of abrasion of the mesh.

Significantly increases the stability on the slope at the junction of the pools due to the presence of a deepening at the input and water parts of the rapid current.

The flexibility of the structure is a huge advantage of this structure, since it is in the water and it is impossible to avoid possible deformations of the bottom and base, and this will entail the deformation of the structure, which is not dangerous for such a quick-flow structure.

The proposed technical solution is cheaper than the known ones due to the saving of concrete, as well as reliable protection against abrasion of the mesh during operation. Moreover, the durability of these structures is 1.5-2 times greater than previously known similar technical solutions.

Sources of information

1. A.S. 1612043 of the USSR, MKI E 02 B 8/06. Spillway / Lamerdonov Z.G., Yasonidi O.E. and Stepanov P.M. (USSR); Application 04/06/87; publ. 12/07/90, Bull. No. 45 (analogue).

2. Hydrotechnical facilities / N.P. Rozanov, Y. V. Bochkarev, B. C. Lapsenkov and others; Ed. N.P. Rozanova. - M .: Agropromizdat, 1985 (p. 265) (prototype).

Claims (1)

A quick-flow, containing inlet, water supply and outlet, which is a waterway, parts having a trapezoidal cross section and made of gabions filled with stones located on a prepared base in the form of a reverse filter, characterized in that it is a one-piece flexible design consisting of interconnected and inseparable structural seams of the inlet, water supply and water-cutting parts, which are made of interconnected semi-cylindrical gabions, laid crests upward with an orientation transverse to the longitudinal axis of the flow and made by connecting the wire of the upper and lower grids, laid along the direction of flow with filling the space between the grids with stones, while the spaces formed between the half-cylindrical gabions and having a curved triangular cross-section with a vertex oriented down are filled with concrete with the device of expansion joints along the ridges of gabions, and the inlet part of the rapid current adjacent to the inlet channel and the end exit water-borne parts are embedded in the ground.

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