JPH06280239A - Fabricated fish way - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To construct a fish way, employing precast concrete fish way blocks, at low cost for a short period of time, and to make the fish way accommodative to weirs constructed in optional heights. CONSTITUTION:A fish way block 10 is made of concrete into a box shape by precast molding, and a water storage part 15 is formed of upright walls 13 and a bottom wall 14. A number of fish way blocks 10 are laid in steps over the riverbed RB and a fabricated fish way 1 is constructed. A holding claw 18 is provided in projection to the downstream-side wall 13c of the upright walls 13, and the claw is held by the upstream-side wall 13b of the adjoining fish way block 10, and thereby falls are made between each of the fish way blocks 10. Partitioning parts 21 are formed by the upstream-side walls 13b and the downstream-side walls 13c on positions between the fish way blocks 10, and an overflow slope 22 is formed over the upper end of each of the partitioning parts. Fishes(f) ride across the partitioning parts 21 along the overflow slopes 22, and go upstream to the water storage parts 15 on the upstream side.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fishway which is attached to a river dam, weir, head work or the like to enable aquatic organisms such as fish to be raised.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there is known a technique for constructing a fishway by casting concrete on a riverbed in situ. In addition to the main work consisting of many steps such as excavation, bar arrangement, formwork, concrete placing, etc., the fishway with this cast-in-place structure,
Ancillary work for flood protection, which encloses the construction area with embankments or sheet piles, and ancillary equipment that constantly drains the inundation with a pump were also required.

[0003]

Therefore, according to the conventional fish path, there are problems that the number of steps increases, the construction period becomes long, and the construction cost becomes high.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a prefabricated fishway which can be constructed at a low cost in a short construction period.

[0005]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the prefabricated fishway block of the present invention uses a fishway block precast by concrete so as to have at least two standing walls forming a water storage part. Then, a large number of the fishway blocks are laid and assembled on a riverbed having a slope, and an overflow surface is formed at the upper end of the standing wall of the adjacent fishway blocks.

Here, the assembled fishway according to the present invention is, for example,
A staircase type fishway in which fishway blocks were laid in a staircase, an inclined type fishway in which fishway blocks were laid on a continuous slope, a single canal type fishway in which fishway blocks were laid in one row, and a fishway block was laid along a priming water channel. It can be applied to a priming type fishway or a full-scale type fishway in which fishway blocks are laid vertically and horizontally. The slope of the river bed may be provided in a stepwise manner or a continuous inclined surface.

[0007]

According to the prefabricated fishway block of the present invention, the fishway block made of precast concrete is used. Therefore, when constructing the fishway main body, the bar arrangement process, the formwork process, the concrete placing process, etc. are omitted in a short period of time. Can be installed. Moreover, since the fishway block can be laid without any trouble even if a little water remains on the riverbed, it is possible to construct the fishway block at a low cost by omitting incidental work for flood protection and drainage facilities. Further, by changing the number of fishway blocks, it is possible to construct a fishway corresponding to a weir of arbitrary height.

[0008]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS First, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the assembled fishway 1 of the first embodiment has a planar structure as a priming type fishway,
It is equipped with a vertical structure as a staircase type fishway. The prefabricated fishway 1 is installed on both sides of the priming water channel 3 upstream of the weir 2. The prefabricated fishway 1 and the priming water channel 3 are constructed in the river area between the river bank 4 and the partition wall 5, their upstream ends are located at a height corresponding to the planned water level, and their downstream ends are weirs. It is inserted in the lower part of the two notches 6.
Then, the fish on the downstream side of the weir 2 is called to the riverbank by the rapid discharge flow FF from the priming water channel 3, and the assembled fishway 1
The inlet 8 is detected by sensing the slow water discharge SF from, and the prefabricated fishway 1 is elevated to reach the upstream side of the weir 2 from the outlet 7.

The assembled fishway 1 is constructed by laying and assembling a large number of fishway blocks 10.
Is a stone 1 on the riverbed RB that has been excavated in a stepwise manner with a predetermined slope
It is laid horizontally through 1 and discarded concrete 12. As shown in FIGS. 2 to 5, the fishway block 10 is precast in a box shape with an open top surface by concrete containing reinforced reinforcing steel, and is provided with four standing walls 13 and a bottom wall 14 each having a rectangular shape in a plan view. Then, the standing wall 13 and the bottom wall 14
By this, a water storage part 15 for temporarily collecting running water is formed, and natural stones 16 are laid on the water storage part 15 to reduce the flow velocity and form a habitation environment suitable for aquatic life. In addition,
The gradient of the fishway 1 is, for example, 1:30 to 2:30, and the size of the fishway block 10 is, for example, 3 m in length, 2 m in width, and 1 m in height.

The standing wall 13 includes left and right side walls 13a, and an upstream wall 13b and a downstream wall 1 lower than the side wall 13a (for example, 20 cm).
3c and 4c, and the inner side surfaces thereof are formed in a tapered shape. A locking claw 18 is provided on the upper portion of the downstream wall 13c so as to project outward, and the locking claw 18 is adjacent to the fishway block 1
By engaging with the upstream wall 13b of 0, a predetermined drop (for example, 10 to 20 cm) is provided between the fishway blocks 10. A connection hole 19 is provided through the upstream wall 13b and the downstream wall 13c, and the fishway blocks 10 are connected by bolts 20 inserted therethrough. The locking claw 18
The lower surface of the is obliquely formed so as to make line contact with the upper end surface of the upstream wall 13b.

A partition wall portion 21 is provided between the fishway blocks 10 by the upstream wall 13b and the downstream wall wall 13c which are joined to each other, and the water storage portion 15 is connected via the partition wall portion 21. An overflow surface 22 is formed at the upper end of the partition wall 21 by the inclined surface of the locking claw 18, and the fish f rides over the partition wall 21 along the overflow surface 22 so that the fish f1 rises up the assembled fishway 1. Has become. The inclination angle of the overflow surface 22 is 45.
Around ゜ is preferable.

When constructing the assembled fishway 1 constructed as described above, after the priming water channel 3 and the partition wall 5 are constructed on the upstream side of the weir 2 by the usual concrete construction method, first, the priming water is drawn. The riverbeds RB on both sides of the headrace 3 are excavated in a step-like manner, and then the rubble 11 and the scrap concrete 12 are laid on the excavated surface. Subsequently, a large number of fishway blocks 10 precast in a dedicated factory are laid on the waste concrete 12 in order from the downstream side to the upstream side.

When connecting the fishway blocks 10, the locking claws 18 of the downstream wall 13c are locked to the upstream wall 13b of the adjacent fishway block 10, and the upstream wall 13b and the downstream wall 13 are engaged.
They are connected by bolts 20 in a state where c is phase-joined. By doing so, it is possible to easily provide an equivalent head difference between the fishway blocks 10. After that, each water storage section 15
Natural stones 16 are spread over the floor, and the assembled fish path 1 is completed with this.

As described above, according to the assembled fish path 1 of the first embodiment, the fish path block 1 made of precast concrete is used.
Since 0 is used, it is possible to omit the bar arrangement process, the formwork process, the concrete placing process, etc. in the main body construction, and it is possible to construct the prefabricated fishway 1 with a small number of processes in a short time. Moreover, the fishway block 10 can be laid without any problem even if a small amount of water remains in the river bed RB. Therefore, if the fishway block 10 is constructed during the dry season, it is possible to omit ancillary work for drainage measures and drainage facilities, thus significantly reducing the construction cost. Can be reduced to

Further, since the assembly type fishway 1 of the first embodiment is a priming type fishway provided upstream of the weir 2, the fish is used as the weir 2.
Immediately before being guided to the prefabricated fishway 1 side without hesitation, the entrance 8 is easily found and the prefabricated fishway 1 is raised. In the assembled fishway 1, the sloped overflow surface 22 is provided at the upper end of the partition 21.
Since the fish is formed, the fish can easily ride over the overflow surface 22 and reach the water storage section 15 on the upstream side, and as a result, the rising rate of the fry can be particularly improved.

FIG. 6 shows a modification of the fishway block 10 of FIG. The fishway block 10 is precast in the shape of a bottomless box having only the standing wall 13.
Then, at the time of construction, the fishway block 10 is installed on the riverbed RB using the ruler block 24, and the stones 11
Concrete is cast on the top, and the bottom wall 14 is formed at the bottom of the fishway block 10. According to this, the product weight of the fishway block 10 can be reduced, waste concrete is not required, the integration with the river bed RB can be improved, the stable installation can be performed, and the levelness can be easily adjusted. There is. Further, the concrete thickness of the bottom plate 14 can be changed according to the maximum flow velocity to obtain the own weight corresponding to the sweeping force.

FIG. 7 shows another modification of the fishway block 10. Here, in the upper end surface of the downstream wall 13c,
A large-diameter radius 26 is formed on the outer corner portion, and a small-diameter radius 27 is formed on the inner corner portion. This way, the overflow surface 22
Is expanded to the upstream side including R26 and 27,
It allows fish to move up the partition wall more easily. Further, in this fishway block 10, the side wall 13a has the upstream wall 13b and the downstream wall 13 so that the fish does not jump out of the fishway.
It is formed higher than c in comparison with the fishway block 10 of FIG.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The prefabricated fishway 1 of the second embodiment uses the fishway block 10 similar to that of the first embodiment, and is installed in a stepwise manner on the downstream side of the weir 2. When constructing the priming type fishway, this prefabricated type fishway 1 is constructed in two rows or one row along the priming water channel. It is also possible to configure a single-waterway fishway with only one row of the assembled fishway 1. In any case, since the prefabricated fishway 1 is provided on the downstream side of the weir 2, unlike the first embodiment, a partition wall for partitioning the prefabricated fishway 1 from the main stream is not required, and the entire construction can be performed more easily. it can. Further, in the case of a priming type fishway, the priming water channel may be constructed using a U-shaped block made of precast concrete. The fishway block 10 can also be used for other types of fishways, for example, full-scale fishways.

Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
It will be described based on. As shown in FIG. 9, the assembly type fishway 1 of the third embodiment is a step-type full-scale fishway, and a large number of fishway blocks 10 are laid vertically and horizontally in a river region downstream from the weir and assembled. . As shown in FIGS. 10 to 12, the fishway block 10 is precast in a box shape in which an upper surface is opened from a standing square wall 13 and a bottom wall 14 each having a planar square shape. The standing wall 13 is provided with a low side wall 13d and a high side wall 13e symmetrically on both sides of a diagonal line, and a 45 ° inclined surface 28 is formed on the inner side surface of the upper end portion thereof. The size of the fishway block 10 is, for example, 2 m in length and width and 1 m in height.
Is.

At the time of construction, the low side wall 13d is joined to the high side wall 13e of the fishway block 10 adjacent to the downstream side,
The high side wall 13e is joined to the low side wall 13d of the fishway block 10 adjacent to the upstream side, and a predetermined drop is provided between the fishway blocks 10 due to the height difference between the side walls 13d and 13e. A partition wall 21 is provided between the fishway blocks 10 by the side walls 13d and 13e, and a mountain-shaped overflow surface 22 is formed by an inclined surface 28 at the upper end thereof. As shown in FIG. 9, the overflow surface 22 extends in the vertical and horizontal directions in the assembled fish path 1, so that the fish can select a swimming path as indicated by an arrow,
The degree of freedom in the vertical direction can be improved. In addition, the standing wall 13 has only two surfaces of the high side wall 13e, and each fishway block 1
The partition wall portion between 0 may be configured by only one high side wall 13e.

13 to 16 show the fishway block 1 of FIG.
It shows a modified example of 0. The fishway block 10 includes only a standing wall 13 and is configured to cast a bottom wall 14 in-situ. A joint groove 29 is provided on the outer periphery of the upper end of the standing wall 13, and as shown in FIG. 15, at the time of construction, the joint groove 29 of the low side wall 13d and the high side wall 13e that are joined together is filled with mortar to prevent water leakage. 30 is formed. Further, as shown in FIG. 16, when adjusting the head of the fishway block 10, it is possible to mitigate the step of the overflow surface 22 by forming the joint 30 in an oblique shape.

17 to 19 show the fishway block 1 of FIG.
In this modification, the overflow surface 22 of the partition wall portion 21 is formed into a curved surface by the partial cylindrical surface 31 provided on the low side wall 13d and the high side wall 13e. Even with the overflow surface 22 having this shape, a high slope rate can be expected.
Further, as shown in FIGS. 18 and 19, a joint groove 29 may be provided in the standing wall 13 so that the step difference of the overflow surface 22 generated at the time of adjusting the head is closed by the joint 30.

20 to 22 show the fishway block 1 of FIG.
0 shows another modified example of the low side wall 13d.
The outward inclined surface 32 is formed on the upper side wall 13e, and the inward inclined surface 33 is formed on the high side wall 13e at an angle of 45 °.
When the d and 13e are joined together, an overflow surface 22 that rises from the downstream side toward the upstream side is formed at the upper end of the partition wall portion 21 including the corner portion of the standing wall 13. According to this configuration, as shown in FIG. 21, when the prefabricated fishway 1 is laid on the riverbed RB having a steep slope with a large head, it is possible to form the overflow surface 22 in the partition wall portion 21 with a slope suitable for going up. At the same time, as shown by the arrow in FIG. 22, the fish can lift the prefabricated fishway 1 vertically and horizontally as well as diagonally, and the degree of freedom in the vertical direction can be further improved. In this modified example, the standing wall 13
Are only two surfaces of the low side wall 13d or two surfaces of the high side wall 13e, and the partition wall portion between each fishway block 10 is one low side wall 1.
It is also possible to be constituted only by 3d or the high side wall 13e.

Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
8 will be described. As shown in FIG. 23, the assembled fishway 1 of the fourth embodiment is an inclined fishway installed on the downstream side of the weir 2, and a large number of fishway blocks 10 are laid and assembled on the continuous inclined surface of the riverbed RB. It will be. Figure 24
As shown in FIG. 25, the fishway block 10 includes a standing wall 13 and a bottom wall 14 each having a rectangular shape in a plan view. The upstream wall 13b and the downstream wall 13c of the standing wall 13 are formed at the same height, and the upper end thereof is formed. A partial cylindrical surface 31 and a joint groove 29 are provided. A packing 35 for preventing water leakage at the time of drought is attached to a groove provided on the outer surface of the downstream wall 13c, and a joint groove 29 is also provided on an edge of the outer surface.

At the time of construction, as shown in FIG. 26, the upstream wall 13b and the downstream wall 13c of the adjacent fishway blocks 10 are connected by the bolts 20 in a state of being joined to each other through the packing 35, and the partial cylindrical surface 31 is formed. By this, a curved overflow surface 22 is formed at the upper end of the partition wall portion 21, and
The joint 30 is provided in the joint groove 29. Therefore, according to the prefabricated fishway 1, the riverbed RB can be easily excavated as compared with the staircase type, and the prefabricated concrete fishway block 10 is laid on the riverbed RB with a simple construction method. Can be constructed in a short period of time and at low cost.
The standing wall 13 may have only three surfaces, that is, the side walls 13a and the upstream wall 13b, and the partition wall portion between the fishway blocks 10 may be composed of only one upstream wall 13b.

27 and 28 show a modification of the fishway block 10 of FIG. In the fishway block 10 of FIG. 27, the overflow surface 22 of the partition wall portion 21 is the upstream wall 13.
It is formed in a mountain shape by b and the inclined surface 28 of the downstream wall 13c. The fishway block 10 of FIG. 28 is precast in a box shape without a bottom, is installed on the river bed RB using the ruler block 24, and the bottom wall 14 is cast in situ. Further, the side wall 13a is formed to be higher than the upstream wall 13b and the downstream wall 13c in comparison with the fishway block 10 of FIG. Furthermore, the upstream wall 13b and the downstream wall 13
A joint groove 29 larger than that of FIG. 24 is provided at a position slightly lower than the upper end of c, and joint 30 is provided in the joint groove 29 so that it can withstand the vertical shearing force.

Next, a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
It will be described based on 1. The assembling type fishway 1 is a slanting type full-scale fishway, and a large number of fishway blocks 10 are laid vertically and horizontally on a continuous inclined surface of the riverbed RB and assembled.
The fishway block 10 is provided with only a plane square standing wall 13,
The four side walls 13a are formed to have the same height, and a partial cylindrical surface 31 and a joint groove 29 are provided on the upper ends of the four side walls 13a. According to this assembly-type fishway 1, an inexpensive fishway block 10 having a simple shape can be used, the riverbed RB can be easily excavated, and the fishway block 10 can be easily positioned and laid on the riverbed RB. There is an advantage that the degree of freedom in direction can be secured.

Next, a sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Here, the prefabricated fishway block 1 is composed of a fishway block 10 with a pattern. On the inner surface and the outer surface of the fishway block 10, a concavo-convex pattern 37 imitating natural stone, for example, is provided. According to this, since the artificial feeling fades,
The prefabricated fishway 1 can be harmonized with the river and the surrounding natural environment. In addition, since algae or the like is likely to adhere to the uneven pattern 37 on the inner surface side, the habitat environment of the water storage section 15 can be improved, and the lightness of the prefabricated fishway 1 can be lowered to expect a high uplift rate.

Next, a seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Here, a staircase 39 is provided outside the specific fishway block 10 and steps 40 are provided inside all the fishway blocks 10. The stairs 39 are useful for observing fishways and for surveying the slopes, and the steps 40 are useful for preventing water accidents. The stairs 39 and the steps 40 may be integrally formed with the fishway block 10 or may be provided separately. Further, as shown by the chain line in the figure, the stairs 39 and the steps 40 have the same length as the fishway block 10 or are provided on all the fishway blocks 10 to enhance the observability and the accident prevention property, and Since the weight is increased, it is possible to increase the flow-out resistance at the time of increasing water and to prevent the outflow of part or all of the assembled fishway 1 from occurring easily.

Next, FIG. 34 shows an eighth embodiment of the present invention. In this assembled fish path 1, the fish path block 10 has a block element 10a having two side walls, one side wall 13a and one upstream side wall 13b. , The other side wall 13a and the downstream wall 13c are divided into a block element 10b having two surfaces, and both elements 10a and 10b are joined by a bolt 41. According to this embodiment, there is an advantage that the precast molding of the fishway block 10 becomes easy, the degree of freedom of the shape becomes high, and the transportation efficiency becomes good.

FIG. 35 shows a ninth embodiment of the present invention, in which a fishway block 10 having two side walls 13a and an upstream wall 13b is used. By assembling the fishway block 10 vertically and horizontally and connecting it with the L-shaped metal fittings 42 and bolts, the assembled fishway 1 is constructed.
The side wall 13a of the adjacent fishway blocks 10 functions as the other side wall. The abutting portion of the fishway block 10 is preferably sealed with mortar. According to this embodiment, there are advantages that the structure of the fishway block 10 becomes simpler, the material can be saved, and the transportation efficiency is improved.

FIG. 36 shows a tenth embodiment of the present invention. In this assembled fish path 1, three side walls, that is, both side walls 13a and an intermediate wall 13f connecting their intermediate portions are provided. The fishway block 10 in which the overflow surface 22 is formed at the upper end of is used. The overflow surface 22 is formed such that a part of the upper end of the intermediate wall 13f (in the drawing, the central part may be the end part) may be lower in level than the rest. This embodiment also has the advantage that the structure of the fishway block 10 is simpler and material can be saved. Further, since there are two types of levels of the overflow surface 22, the fish can select the level according to the depth of the water and the size of the fish and can get over it.

FIG. 37 shows an eleventh embodiment of the present invention. In this assembled fishway 1, a fishway block 10 having three side walls 13a and a downstream wall 13c is used. A part of the downstream wall 13c projects from the downstream end of the side wall 13a, and both side walls 13a, 13a of the adjacent fishway block 10
It is designed to fit in between. This embodiment also has the advantage that the structure of the fishway block 10 is simpler and material can be saved.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and the shapes and configurations of the respective portions can be appropriately modified and embodied without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0035]

As described above in detail, according to the prefabricated fishway block of the present invention, the fishway block made of precast concrete can be used to construct the fishway in a short construction period at low cost, and the number of fishway blocks can be reduced. It has an excellent effect that a fishway corresponding to a weir of an arbitrary height can be constructed simply by changing.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a prefabricated fishway according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the assembled fishway.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a fishway block used in the assembled fishway.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of the fishway block.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the fishway block.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a modified example of the fishway block.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing another modification of the fishway block.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a prefabricated fishway according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing an assembled fish path according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a fishway block used in the assembled fishway.

FIG. 11 is a plan view of the fishway block.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the fishway block.

FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing a modified example of the fishway block.

FIG. 14 is a plan view of the fishway block of FIG.

15 is a cross-sectional view of the fishway block of FIG.

FIG. 16 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating the operation of the fishway block of FIG.

17 is a cross-sectional view showing a modified example of the fishway block of FIG.

18 is a cross-sectional view showing a modified example of the fishway block of FIG.

FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the operation of the fishway block of FIG.

20 is a perspective view showing another modified example of the fishway block of FIG.

21 is a cross-sectional view of the fishway block of FIG.

22 is a plan view showing an assembled fishway constructed using the fishway block of FIG. 20. FIG.

FIG. 23 is a sectional view showing an assembled fish path according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 24 is a perspective view of a fishway block used in the assembled fishway.

FIG. 25 is a plan view of the fishway block.

FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view of the fishway block.

FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view showing a modified example of the fishway block.

FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional view showing another modification of the fishway block.

FIG. 29 is a plan view showing an assembled fish path according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 30 is a perspective view of a fishway block used in the assembled fishway.

FIG. 31 is a cross-sectional view of the fishway block.

FIG. 32 is a perspective view showing an assembled fish path according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 33 is a perspective view showing an assembled fish path according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 34 is a perspective view showing an assembled fish path according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 35 is a perspective view showing an assembled fish path according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 36 is a perspective view showing an assembled fish path according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 37 is a perspective view showing an assembled fish path according to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Assembled fishway 10 Fishway block 13 Standing wall 15 Reservoir 21 Bulkhead 22 Overflow surface RB Riverbed

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Mitsuro Toyoda 10 Myotokucho, Gifu City, Gifu Prefecture Showa Concrete Industry Co., Ltd. Within the corporation

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A fishway block precast by concrete so as to have at least two standing walls forming a water storage part is used, and a large number of said fishway blocks are laid on a sloped riverbed to be assembled and adjacent to each other. An assembling type fishway, wherein an overflow surface is formed at the upper end of the standing wall of the fishway block.