FR3037977A1 - PREFABRICATED MODULE FOR SWIMMING BASKET, OBTAINED OBTAINED AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention a prefabricated module (1) for tank (2) fish crossing, comprising at least two side walls (10) prefabricated hydraulic material including concrete arranged to be arranged parallel vis-à-vis and to be spaced l one of the other a spacing (E) determined, a spacer (11) arranged to maintain said side walls (10) in said spacing (E) determined, at least one partition (12) prefabricated hydraulic material including the concrete arranged to be arranged transversely between the two side walls (10) and having a length substantially less than or equal to said determined spacing (E), and a removable assembly device (13) arranged to removably couple said partition (12) with respect to said side walls (10).

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a prefabricated module for a fish crossing basin. The present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a fish crossing structure from said prefabricated module, and a fish crossing structure obtained by said method. PRIOR ART: A fish passage crossing, commonly known as a "fish pass", is intended to allow organisms living in watercourses to cross obstacles such as dams, dikes and various forms of water reservoirs. . Different types of works exist, such as so-called technical passes or natural passes or mechanical passes or specific passes.

There are already known fish crossing structures with several successive basins forming a fish ladder. Most of the time, these structures are made of reinforced concrete. The side walls of the basins and the partitions delimiting the successive basins are poured on the construction site into banches. Partitions are usually mechanically bonded to the sidewalls by means of reinforcement. The bottom of the work is usually obtained by casting a slab on a clean concrete. Stainless steel partitions can also replace reinforced concrete partitions and are usually bolted to the side walls. However, this method of manufacturing reinforced concrete has the disadvantage of requiring many manipulations of banches which complicates the implementation on the site, slows down the site and therefore involves significant costs. In addition, in this type of structure, solids are deposited at the bottom of the basins which has the effect of modifying the hydraulic behavior of the structure and filling the roughness created in the bottom of the basins provided for the circulation of the structures. Pisces. These solids generally consist of any type of material carried by the stream, alluvium, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to clean the bottom of these basins regularly, which is a tedious operation given the difficulty of accessing the bottom between the fixed partitions. In addition, the basins being of fixed size, it is not possible to vary the spacing between the partitions to adjust the hydraulic behavior of the structure. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention aims at overcoming these disadvantages by proposing a prefabricated module for a fish crossing basin making it possible to modify the spacing between the partitions of the basins, to modify the type of partition, to allow the periodic lifting of partitions to prevent the deposition of solid material at the bottom of the basin, significantly reduce the duration and costs of implementation on 20 site. For this purpose, the invention relates to a prefabricated module of the type indicated in the preamble, characterized in that it comprises at least two prefabricated walls of hydraulic material including concrete arranged to be arranged in parallel vis-à-vis and to be spaced apart from each other by a determined spacing, at least one prefabricated partition of hydraulic material including concrete arranged to be arranged transversely between the two side walls and having a length substantially less than or equal to said determined spacing, and a device demountable assembly arranged to removably couple said partition with respect to said side walls.

Preferably, said removable assembly device comprises first fastening means disposed on said partition wall and second fastening means disposed on said side walls, the first and second fixing means being of complementary shape to be coupled between them removably and allow assembly by a vertical translation movement of said partition relative to said side walls. In a preferred embodiment, said partition comprises two parallel lateral faces and said first fixing means are anchored in said partition and protrude from at least one of said lateral faces in a direction perpendicular to said partition. Advantageously, said first fixing means are arranged along a lower axis and / or along an upper axis of said lateral face, said lower and upper axes being parallel to each other and to the lower edge of said partition. and preferably spaced from each other by a distance D. Preferably, the protruding portion of said first fastening means comprises a hook shape for receiving said second means for securing the side walls by vertical assembly of said partition. relative to said sidewalls. Preferably, said first fixing means comprise an anchor plate embedded in said partition. In a preferred embodiment, said side walls each have two parallel side faces and said second attachment means are anchored in said side walls and protrude from one of said side faces of said side walls in a direction perpendicular to each of said walls. side.

Preferably, said second fixing means are arranged along a lower axis and / or along an upper axis, said lower and upper axes being parallel to each other and to the lower edge of each side wall and spaced apart. both of said distance D. Preferably, said second fastening means is distributed along said upper and / or lower axes to define a plurality of predetermined positions for receiving said partition.

Advantageously, said second fixing means comprise hooking rods for receiving said first fixing means by vertical assembly of said partition with respect to said side walls.

Preferably, said side walls each comprise projecting transverse reinforcements arranged in a lower end zone of the lateral face from which said second fastening means project. Preferably, said sidewalls each comprise at least one vertical reservation disposed along a side edge of said sidewall to permit assembly between two adjacent sidewalls. Preferably, said partition comprises at least one means for receiving a lifting member.

In a preferred embodiment, said first attachment means comprise at least four attachment pieces each comprising an anchor plate extended by a hook-shaped projection and distributed in pairs on said lower and upper axes of said partition, and said second fastening means comprise at least four fastening rods distributed over said lower and upper axes of the two lateral plates and defining a single position for said partition. In an alternative embodiment, said second fastening means comprise at least eight fastening rods distributed on said lower and upper axes of the two lateral walls defining at least two distinct positions for said partition. Preferably, said prefabricated module comprises a spacer arranged to maintain said sidewalls in said determined spacing. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a fish crossing structure of the type indicated in the preamble, characterized in that at least two prefabricated side walls are laid vertically parallel to each other in a space-like manner. one of the other of a determined spacing, and there is at least one prefabricated partition transversely between said two side walls, and one removably couples said partition to said side walls by a removable assembly device .

Advantageously, a layer of a hydraulic material, especially a clean concrete, is cast on the ground prior to laying the side walls. Preferably, a layer of hydraulic material is cast to form at least a portion of the bottom of the basin between said side walls forming formwork.

Preferably, at least two adjacent side walls aligned by their respective lateral edges are assembled and a sealing post is cast in their vertical positions to mechanically link them.

Preferably, a spacer is provided transversely between said sidewalls to maintain said determined spacing. The invention also relates to a fish crossing work of the kind 5 indicated in the preamble, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of prefabricated modules described above to form a plurality of successive basins, a basin comprising at least partly two side walls d one prefabricated module and two partitions.

In a preferred embodiment, said basin comprises in part two side walls and a partition of a first prefabricated module and in part two side walls and a partition of a second prefabricated module, adjacent to said first prefabricated module.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The present invention and its advantages will become more apparent in the following description of an embodiment given by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. perspective of the prefabricated module according to the invention with a partially shown side wall, FIG. 1A is a front view of the first and second fixing means of the dismountable assembly device of the prefabricated module of FIG. 1, FIG. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the partition of the prefabricated module of Fig. 1; Fig. 3A is an enlarged perspective view; Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the partition of the prefabricated module of Fig. 1; first fixing means of the dismountable assembly device of the prefabricated module, - Figure 4 is a perspective view of the prefabricated module whose partition is raised by a lifting tool, and 5 - Figure 5 is a partial perspective view of the fish crossing work obtained from the prefabricated modules of Figure 1. Illustrations of the invention and best way to achieve it: 10 With reference to FIGS. 1 to 5, the present invention relates to a prefabricated module 1 for a pond 2 for fish crossing. By prefabricated module 1 is meant a set of elements manufactured in the factory and then assembled later on the site. The prefabricated module 1 comprises at least two prefabricated side walls 10, optionally a spacer 11, and at least one prefabricated partition 12 arranged to be removably coupled to the two side walls 10 by a demountable assembly device 13. removable assembly device 13 comprises first fastening means 131 disposed on the partition 12 and second fastening means 132 disposed on the side walls 10, said means being of complementary shape. Once assembled on the site, the prefabricated module 1 or the plurality of prefabricated modules 1 makes it possible to form a basin 2 or a succession of basins 2 to make a fish crossing structure 3. As illustrated in FIG. side walls 10 of the prefabricated module 1 25 are intended to be disposed face to face, parallel to each other and spaced apart from each other by a spacing E determined. This gap E is defined relative to the width of the basin 2 that is desired to achieve. To facilitate the description only one side wall 10 is described, the two side walls 10 being identical or similar.

With reference to FIG. 2, a side wall 10 has a generally parallelepipedal shape and has two lateral faces 101 parallel to each other, two lateral edges 102 parallel to one another, and a lower edge 103 and an upper edge 104 parallel to each other. . Preferably, the side wall 10 is of hydraulic material, for example of concrete. A vertical reservation 105 is arranged along the lateral edges 102. Advantageously, such a vertical reservation 105 makes it possible to mechanically link two adjacent lateral walls 10 by means of a sealing pillar (not shown) during the assembly of several prefabricated modules. 1 successive on the site. Standby armatures 106 may also be provided and protrude transversely into vertical reservoirs 105. Lateral wall 10 further includes protruding transverse armatures 107 disposed in a lower end zone Z1 of one of the side faces 101. lower end zone Z1 is located between the lower edge 103 and an excluded lower axis A1, which will be defined in the following description. These transverse reinforcements 15 protruding 107 allow to fix the side wall 10 to the ground S when the bottom of the basin 2 is poured on site between the two side walls 10 of a prefabricated module 1. The side wall 10 also comprises the second means of fixation 132 of the removable assembly device 13. More particularly, the second fastening means 132 are anchored in the side wall 10 and protrude 20 from one of said side faces 101 of the side wall 10 in a perpendicular direction such as the illustrates Figures 1 and 1A. More particularly, the second fixing means 132 comprise hooking rods 132a which are inserted into sockets 132b anchored in the lateral face 101 of the side wall 10, as shown in FIG. 1A. Preferably, the attachment rods 132a has a variable length. To facilitate the assembly of hooks 132a 132b in the sockets, they may have a complementary thread. This variant avoids that hooking rods 132a interfere for example during transport and allows to add the hooking rods 132a to the bushings 132b once the side wall 10 is on the job site. Bushings 132b that are not used can also be plugged by plugs (not shown), for example, made of plastic. In addition, the second attachment means 132 are arranged along a lower axis A1 and along an upper axis A2. The lower Al and upper A2 axes are parallel to each other and to the lower edge 103. They are spaced from one another by a distance D. In the illustrated example, the second fixing means 132 are distributed along lower axes A1 and A2 at regular intervals I to define a plurality of predetermined positions P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6 to receive the partition 12 or several partitions 12. In the example shown, the side wall 10 comprises twelve sockets 132b defining six positions P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6 possible to dispose the partition 12. Of course this number is not limiting and can be modulated. Sockets 132b can be replaced by rails (not shown). Preferably, the side wall 10 has a thickness of between 10 and 20 centimeters, preferably equal to 15 cm. The manufacture of the side wall 10 is entirely made in the factory.

The spacer 11 of the prefabricated module 1 is intended to be placed between the two side walls 10 of a prefabricated module 1 and bears against the lateral faces 101 of each of the side walls 10 facing each other. It has a length L equal to the spacing E between the two side walls 10. In addition, the spacer 11 is arranged to be disposed against the side faces 101 of the side walls 10 in an upper end zone Z2 of the faces lateral 101 which is located between the upper edge 104 and the upper axis A2 excluded. For this purpose, the side walls 10 may comprise in their upper end zone Z2 a plate (not shown) to allow the connection of the spacer 11. Preferably, the spacer 11 consists of a metal beam. For example, the spacer 11 is a steel profile 25 of IPN or IPE type. Advantageously, such a spacer 11 ensures resistance between the side walls 10 relative to the thrust of the earth and water. However, the prefabricated module 1 may be devoid of spacer 11.

The partition 12 of a prefabricated module 1 is intended to be arranged transversely between the two side walls 10 of the prefabricated module 1, as shown in FIG. 1.

The partition 12 illustrated in FIG. 3 comprises two lateral faces 121 parallel to each other, two lateral edges 122 parallel to one another, and a lower edge 123 and an upper edge 124 parallel to one another. The lateral edges 122 each have shoulders 122a and 122b for directing the current in the basins 2 and allowing the bottom species to pass the basins 2 by the lower part. Preferably, the partition 12 is of hydraulic material, for example concrete. The partition 12 may also comprise an inner armature (not shown) disposed between its two lateral faces 121, such as one or two lattices for example, to form a reinforced concrete partition. Preferably, the inner armature consists of two lattices spaced from each other for example by a distance of between 20 and 30 mm. The partition 12 also comprises the first fastening means 131 of the demountable assembly device 13. More particularly, the first fastening means 131 are anchored in the partition 12 and project out of one of its lateral faces 121 in a perpendicular direction. as shown in Figure 3A. The protruding portion 131a of the first attachment means 131 has a hook shape. The first attachment means 131 also include an anchor plate 131b embedded in said partition 12. This anchor plate 131b can be attached to the lattice of the partition 12 to ensure sufficient mechanical strength. The protruding portion 131a can receive the latching rods 132a of the second fastening means 132 of the side walls 10 of the prefabricated module 1. The partition 12 can thus be coupled to the side walls 10 by vertical assembly of the protruding parts 131a on the Fastening rods 132a of the side walls 10 of the same prefabricated module 1. This has the advantage of making the partition 12 removable from the side walls 10, once the prefabricated module 1 assembled on site. As a result, it is possible to change the spacing between the partitions 12 of the basins 2 and to modify the type of partition 12, as well as the number of partitions 12, 3037977 11 making the prefabricated module 1 modular and scalable. In addition, the first fastening means 131 are arranged along a lower axis B1 and along an upper axis B2 of the lateral face 121 shown in Figure 3. The lower axes B1 and B2 are parallel to each other and at the lower edge 123 of the partition 12. They are spaced from each other by the distance D which is equal to the distance D between the lower axes A1 and upper A2 of the side wall 10. In the example shown, the partition 12 comprises four attachment pieces 131 each comprising an anchor plate 13 lb extended by a hook-shaped projection portion 131a and distributed in pairs on the lower axes A1 and A2 of the partition wall 12. The Partition 12 has a thickness of between 10 and 15 centimeters, preferably equal to 14 cm. As illustrated in FIGS. 3 to 4, the partition 12 may comprise receiving means 125 for a lifting member OL. Preferably, the receiving means 125 are arranged at the upper edge 124 of the partition 12. Advantageously, such receiving means 125 allow the periodic lifting 15 of the partitions 12 to prevent the deposition of solid material at the bottom of the pond 2. The receiving means may be two sockets 125 for receiving OL simple lifting slings screwed into the sockets 125. The manufacture of the partition 12 is entirely made in the factory. The partition 12 also has a baffle 127 located along the shoulder 122a of the lateral edge 122 over its entire height and on the lateral face 121 not having the first attachment means 131 which makes it possible to optimize the hydraulic behavior of the basins 2 Preferably, the deflector 127 is made of wood or concrete and is anchored in the partition 12. Industrial application possibilities: It is clear from this description that the invention makes it possible to achieve the goals set, namely to enable change the spacing between the partitions of the basins, to modify the type of partition, to allow the periodic lifting of the partitions to avoid the deposition of solid material at the bottom of the basin, to reduce significantly the duration and the costs of implementation on construction site.

The present invention may be implemented to produce a fish crossing structure 3. For this purpose, several prefabricated modules 1 are assembled on site. The assembly of a first prefabricated module 1 implements the 5 steps which will be described below. A layer of hydraulic material 30, called clean concrete, is poured onto the ground S of the building site. The soil can be tilted and set downhill to allow the flow of water when the basins 2 are filled. The two side walls 10 are placed vertically on the clean concrete 30, the side walls 10 10 are arranged in parallel and face to face, and they are spaced apart from one another. E. The sidewalls 10 are propped up with struts to allow the side walls 10 to be held vertically. The spacer 11 is fixed between the two side walls 10, for example, by bolting. A layer of hydraulic material 20 is cast between the two side walls 10 by embedding the transverse reinforcements 107 protruding to form at least partly the bottom of the basin 2, commonly called raft. Advantageously, the side walls 10 form a formwork for the raft 20. One or more prefabricated partitions 12 are provided transversely between said two side walls 10, and the partition 12 is removably coupled to said side walls 10 by the device. In particular, the partition 12 is coupled to the side walls 10 by vertical assembly of the protruding parts 131a which hook onto the hooking rods 132a of the side walls 10. Preferably, the partition 12 having a length less than the spacing E, a seal 126, such as an elastomeric strip, is added in the gap between the partition 12 and the side walls 10. side walls 10 and 25 the partition 12 facilitates the implementation of the side walls 10 and prevent damage when lifting or lowering the partition 12. To bind a first pref prefigure 1 to a second adjacent prefabricated module 1, the two side walls 10 of the respective adjacent prefabricated modules 1 are assembled and aligned by their respective lateral edge 102 and a sealing pillar is cast in their vertical reservations 105 for mechanically bind. Preferably, the prefabricated modules 1 are sealed at the junctions between two adjacent side walls 10 and between the side walls 10 and the floor 20. A layer of hydraulic material is cast over the floor 20 (no shown) commonly called paving and more specifically shaped concrete 5 comprising stones for example with a diameter of between 15 and 20 cm. The roughness of the pavement is appreciated by the fish species circulating in the bottom of the basin 2. In addition, the pavement makes it possible to put the succession of tanks 2 level and to ensure the stability of the structure 3 by forming a ballast.

As shown in FIG. 5, the fish crossing structure 3 comprises a plurality of prefabricated modules 1 which form a plurality of successive basins 2. In the illustrated example, a basin 2 comprises in part two side walls 10 and a partition 12 of a first prefabricated module 1 and in part two side walls 10 and a partition 12 of a second prefabricated module 1, adjacent to said first 15 prefabricated module 1. The present invention is not limited to the embodiment described but extends to any modification and variation obvious to a person skilled in the art.

Claims (23)

REVENDICATIONS1. Prefabricated module (1) for a pond (2) fish crossing, characterized in that it comprises at least two side walls (10) prefabricated hydraulic material including concrete arranged to be arranged parallel vis-à-vis and to be spaced from each other by a spacing (E) determined, at least one partition (12) prefabricated hydraulic material including concrete arranged to be arranged transversely between the two side walls (10) and having a substantially lower length or equal to said determined spacing (E), and a detachable assembly device (13) arranged to removably couple said partition (12) with respect to said side walls (10). 2. prefabricated module according to claim 1, characterized in that said removable assembly device (13) comprises first fastening means (131) disposed on said partition (12) and second fastening means (132) disposed on said side walls (10), the first and second fastening means (131, 132) being of complementary shapes to be removably coupled together and to allow assembly by vertical translational movement of said partition (12) relative to said walls; lateral (10). 3. prefabricated module according to claim 2, characterized in that said partition (12) has two parallel side faces (121) and in that said first fastening means (131) are anchored in said partition (12) and project out at least one of said side faces (121) in a direction perpendicular to said partition (12). Prefabricated module according to claim 3, characterized in that said first fastening means (131) are arranged along a lower axis (B1) and / or along an upper axis (B2) of said lateral face. (121), said lower (B1) and upper (B2) axes being parallel to each other and to the lower edge (123) of said partition (12), and spaced from each other by a distance D. Prefabricated module according to claim 3, characterized in that the protruding portion (131a) of said first fastening means (131) has a hook shape for receiving said second fastening means (132) of the side walls (10). by vertically assembling said partition (12) with respect to said side walls (10). 10 6. prefabricated module according to claim 3, characterized in that said first fastening means (131) comprise an anchor plate (13 lb) embedded in said partition (12). 7. Prefabricated module according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that said side walls (10) each comprise two parallel lateral faces (101) and in that said second fixing means (132) are anchored in said side walls (10) and projecting from one of said side faces (101) of said side walls (10) in a direction perpendicular to each of said side walls (10). 20 8. prefabricated module according to claim 7, characterized in that said second fixing means (132) are arranged along a lower axis (Al) and / or along an upper axis (A2), said lower axes. (A1) and upper (A2) being parallel to each other and to the lower edge (103) of each side wall (10) and spaced apart from said distance D. 9. Prefabricated module according to claim 8, characterized in that said second fixing means (132) are distributed along said upper (Al) and / or lower (A2) axes to define a plurality of predetermined positions (P1, P2, P3, P4) for receiving said partition (12). 3037977 16 10. prefabricated module according to claim 7, characterized in that said second fixing means (132) comprise hooking rods (132a) for receiving said first fastening means (131) by vertical assembly of said partition (12) by relative to said side walls (10). 11. prefabricated module according to claim 7, characterized in that said side walls (10) each comprise transverse reinforcements (107) protruding disposed in a lower end zone (Z1) of the lateral face (101) where 10 protrude said second fastening means (132). 12. Prefabricated module according to claim 1, characterized in that said side walls (10) each comprise at least one vertical reservation (105) arranged along a lateral edge (102) of said side wall (10) to allow 15 the assembly between two adjacent sidewalls (10). 13. Prefabricated module according to claim 1, characterized in that said partition (12) comprises at least one means for receiving a lifting member (125). 20 14. prefabricated module according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said first fixing means (131) comprise at least four attachment pieces each having an anchor plate (13 lb) extended by a projecting portion (131a) in the form of a hook and distributed in pairs on said lower (B1) and upper (B2) axes of said partition (12), and in that said second fixing means (132) comprise at least four rods latching (132a) distributed on said lower (Al) and upper (A2) axes of the two side plates (10) and defining a single position (P1) for said partition (12). 3037977 17 15. Prefabricated module according to claim 14, characterized in that said second fixing means (132) comprise at least eight attachment rods (132a) distributed on said lower (A1) and upper (A2) axes of the two side walls ( 10) defining at least two distinct positions (P1, P2) for said partition (12). 16. prefabricated module according to claim 1, characterized in that said prefabricated module (1) comprises a spacer (11) arranged to maintain said side walls (10) in said spacing (E) determined 10 17. A method of manufacturing a fish crossing structure (3) by means of at least one prefabricated module (1) for pond (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one poses vertically at least two side walls (10) prefabricated parallel to each other, which are spaced from one another by a determined spacing (E), and at least one partition (12) is provided prefabricated transversely between said two side walls (10), and said partition (12) is removably coupled to said side walls (10) by a removable assembly device (13). 20 18. Manufacturing process according to claim 17, characterized in that one sinks on the ground (S) prior to the installation of the side walls (10) a layer of a hydraulic material (30) including a clean concrete. 19. The manufacturing method according to claim 17, characterized in that a layer of hydraulic material (20) is cast to form at least a portion of the bottom of the basin (2) between said side walls (10) forming formwork. 20. The manufacturing method according to claim 17, characterized in that at least two adjacent sidewalls (10) are aligned by their respective lateral edge (102) and in their vertical reservations. (105) a sealing post to mechanically bind them. 21. Manufacturing process according to claim 17, characterized in that a spacer (11) is arranged transversely between said side walls (10) to maintain said spacing (E) determined 22. Fish crossing (3) obtained from said method according to any one of claims 17 to 20, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of prefabricated modules (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 16 to form a plurality of basins (2) successive, a basin (2) having at least partly two side walls (10) of a same prefabricated module (1) and two partitions (12). 15 23. fish crossing farm according to claim 22, characterized in that said basin (2) comprises in part two side walls (10) and a partition (12) of a first prefabricated module (1) and in part two side walls (10) and a partition (12) of a second prefabricated module (1), adjacent to said first prefabricated module (1). 20