JP3355394B2 - Plant cultivation apparatus and plant cultivation method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a plant cultivation apparatus and a plant cultivation method suitable for cultivating vegetables and fruits and vegetables in farms and households.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a conventional hydroponic cultivation method, a porous plate made of a styrene foam plate, a urethane plate or the like having a large number of recesses is floated in a water tank for supplying water in which a fertilizer component is dissolved. The seeds are put into the recesses of the germination and germinated, and the roots are extended downward from the porous plate to absorb the fertilizer components so that the plants are cultivated.

[0003]

However, in the above-mentioned prior art, the roots multiply and grow densely in the entire aquarium as the plants grow, so that the circulation of water is deteriorated and nutrients are replenished. Defects that are not performed sufficiently, a disadvantage that water circulation deteriorates, algae and plankton are generated and adhere to the roots, so that nutrient absorption is reduced and plant growth is inhibited. Since the filter is easily clogged with algae or the like, there is a drawback that water circulation is deteriorated, causing water rot and root rot, and there is a drawback that it takes time to clean the filter.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, and does not cause root rot because roots do not come into direct contact with water. Since pure water is constantly circulated, algae and plankton do not occur. It is an object of the present invention to provide a plant cultivation apparatus and a plant cultivation method capable of promoting plant growth.

[0005]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cultivation tank having a bottom with an open upper side, and a cultivation tank formed at a lower side in the cultivation tank. The cultivation tank, comprising: a porous particle layer; a soil layer formed above the porous particle layer; and an air ejection device that ejects air from an air ejection pipe buried laterally in the porous particle layer. The inside is to supply water to the upper surface position of the porous granular material layer to form a water retention area.

[0006] A water circulation for circulating and supplying water between the water storage tank to which water is supplied from the outside and the cultivation tank while maintaining the water level in the cultivation tank to the upper surface position of the porous granular layer. A device may be provided.

Further, a porous partition body may be interposed between the porous granular material layer and the soil layer.

The method of the present invention further comprises forming a porous granular layer below the cultivation tank having an open top and a soil layer above the porous granular layer, and forming a porous partition between the soil layer and the porous granular layer. A body is interposed, and air is spouted into the porous granular material layer.
In the cultivation tank, water is supplied so that a water-retaining area is formed up to the upper surface of the porous granular material layer.

[0009]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a cultivation tank formed of a known material such as glass, synthetic resin, and pottery,
The cultivation tank 1 has a substantially rectangular flat bottom 1A, and four walls 1B, 1B, 1C, and 1C rising from the outer edge of the bottom 1A.
The upper part is opened by a partition wall 1D which is located near the wall part 1B on one side and is erected from the bottom part 1A, and the inside has a shape defined by a cultivation room 2 and a pump room 3, and the cultivation is performed. Room 2
The pump chamber 3 communicates with an opening 1E formed in the partition 1D. In the present embodiment, the cultivation tank 1 has a height of about 300 mm, a width of about 800 mm, a depth of about 300 mm,
Width of cultivation room 2 is about 600 mm, width of pump room 3 is about 20
It is set to 0 mm, and is placed on a stand 4 having a height of about 200 mm so that it is not necessary to bend down during work.

Reference numeral 5 denotes a porous particle layer formed in the cultivation room 2. The porous granule layer 5 is formed by filling a large number of porous granules having an infinite number of continuous pores, for example, carbonaceous materials such as granular charcoal and coconut shell activated carbon, or porous particles made of synthetic resin. In this embodiment, the thickness is about 100 mm. 6 has a thickness of about 20
It shows a soil layer formed to a thickness of 0 mm, and the soil layer 6 is made of a mixture of soil and an odorless organic fertilizer at an appropriate ratio. Reference numeral 7 denotes a porous partition interposed between the soil layer 6 and the porous granular material layer 5. The porous partition 7 is a thin plate made of a synthetic resin such as urethane or styrene foam, rubber, or another known material. It is formed in the shape of a sheet or a sheet to prevent the soil layer 6 from mixing with the porous granular layer 5 with the passage of time and prevent the roots from extending into the porous granular layer 5. Is what you do.

Reference numeral 8 denotes an air ejection device for constantly ejecting air into the porous particle layer 5. Reference numeral 9 denotes an electric air pump that constitutes the air ejection device 8, and the air pump 9 is installed in the upper part of the pump chamber 3. Reference numeral 10 denotes an air ejection pipe. The air ejection pipe 10 has a proximal end connected to the air pump 9 and a connection pipe portion 10A inserted from the partition wall 1D into the cultivation room 2.
The base end is connected to the connecting pipe portion 10A, is buried substantially horizontally in the porous granular material layer 5, and has three jetting pipe portions 10B, 10B having a large number of jetting holes formed on the upper side and the side. 10B.

Reference numeral 11 denotes a water level maintenance device for maintaining the water level in the cultivation tank 1 at a desired height. The water level maintaining device 11
Is composed of a drain port 11A formed in the wall portion 1B of the cultivation tub 1 corresponding to the upper surface 5A of the porous granular material layer 5 and a drain plug 11B fitted to the drain port 11A. The lower side is a water retention area A in which the upper surface 5A of the porous granular material layer 5 has a water level. The water supplied to the cultivation tank 1 is obtained by adding a liquid fertilizer in which a fertilizer component is dissolved.

This embodiment has the above-described structure, and seeds of vegetables and flowers are seeded on the soil layer 6 or seedlings are planted. In this case, the water level of the stagnant area A is raised to the lower part of the soil layer 6 so that water can be sufficiently supplied to the soil layer 6 for about one week when the roots grow to some extent. The supply of water into the cultivation tank 1 may be performed using the drain plug 11. Then, the air ejection device 8 is driven to eject air from each ejection pipe portion 10 </ b> B into the porous granular material layer 5. When the roots have grown to the extent that they can absorb moisture, the drain plug 11B is opened and water is released, and the water level of the water retaining area A is adjusted to the position of the upper surface 5A of the porous granular material layer 5. As a result, the water flows in the porous particle layer 5 with the ejection of the air, and the impurities mixed in the water can be removed by being adsorbed by the numerous pores of the porous particles. As a result, purified water can be constantly provided to the plants, and algae and plankton do not occur. In addition, the water retention zone A does not excessively supply water to the soil layer 6 by setting the upper surface 5A of the porous granular material layer 5 as an upper limit after the roots have grown to some extent, so that root rot does not occur. . In addition, since the amount of dissolved oxygen in water can be increased by blowing air into water, plant growth can be promoted.

Next, FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of the present invention, which is characterized in that a water circulation device 22 is provided in a cultivation tank 21 which is larger than the cultivation tank 1 in the first embodiment. It is in. In the figure, 23 is the water circulation device
The water storage tank 23 has a water pump 24
The well water is supplied through a pumping pipe 25 having a float valve 2.
6, the water level of the water storage tank 23 is maintained. Reference numerals 27 and 28 denote a water supply pipe and a return pipe connected between the water storage tank 23 and the cultivation tank 21, and the return pipe 28 is provided with a circulation pump 29. Reference numeral 30 denotes a magnetic miniaturization device for miniaturizing water molecules in the water storage tank 23 by magnetic force. The magnetic miniaturization device 30 includes a circulation pipe 31 for circulating water in the water storage tank 23, a circulation pump 32 provided in the middle of the circulation pipe 31, and a water pipe provided in the middle of the circulation pipe 31 to circulate water. And a magnet 33, which makes the molecules of the particles microscopic by a magnetic force of about 12,000 gauss. The micronized water molecules are easily absorbed into the cells of the plant, and the growth of the plant can be promoted.

In the embodiment described above, the water circulating device 22 is connected to the cultivation tank 21 so that the water in the cultivation tank 21 is stored in the water storage tank 23.
It is configured to constantly circulate between the cultivation tanks and to maintain a stagnant area at a constant water level, and is suitable for a case where the cultivation tank 21 is a large one that requires automatic water supply. In addition, cultivation tank 2
1 is the same as the cultivation tank 1 of the first embodiment.

In the above embodiment, one cultivation tank 2
Although one water storage tank 22 was connected to one, a plurality of cultivation tanks 2 were connected.
.. May be connected to one water storage tank 22.

In the present embodiment, the pump chamber 3 is defined by providing the partition walls 1D and 21D in the cultivation tanks 1 and 21, but the air pump 9 is provided outside the cultivation tanks 1 and 21 and the pump chamber 3 is provided.
May be unnecessary.

Further, in the present embodiment, the cultivation tank 1 is formed to have a flat bottom and a substantially rectangular shape in a plane. However, the cultivation tank 1 may be formed in a hemispherical bottom or a cultivation tank having a substantially circular plane. Things.

[0019]

The present invention has the following advantages because it is constructed as described above. (1) Since the water supplied to the plant is purified by removing impurities mixed therein with the porous granular layer, it is possible to prevent algae and plankton from being generated in the cultivation tank and the water from being spoiled,
Plant growth can be promoted. (2) Since the water in the cultivation tank is purified by the porous granular layer, the water can be kept clean for a long time as compared with the prior art, and the management of water replenishment and the like is easy. Labor in managing a large number of cultivation tanks can be reduced. (3) The water stagnant area in the cultivation tank has an upper limit of the upper surface of the porous granular layer, and by preventing excess water from being supplied to the soil layer, the root rot phenomenon can be prevented. (4) By interposing a porous partition between the porous particle layer and the soil layer, it is possible to prevent the soil layer from being mixed with the porous particle layer with the passage of time and to prevent the root from being mixed with the porous particles. It is possible to prevent root rot by extending into the body layer. (5) Since water is positively brought into contact with the porous granules by blowing air to the porous granule layer to flow the water, the purification of water can be promoted, and the dissolved oxygen amount of the water increases. So that plant growth can be promoted.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 relate to a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1 is an external perspective view showing a part of a plant cultivation apparatus in a cutaway manner.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the plant cultivation apparatus.

FIG. 3 is a plan view showing an air ejection device.

FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of a plant cultivation apparatus according to a second embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 21 Cultivation tank 5 Porous granular layer 6 Soil layer 7 Partition body 8 Air ejection device 10B Air ejection pipe part 22 Water circulation device 23 Water storage tank 27 Water supply pipe 28 Return pipe A Water holding area

────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-8-70718 (JP, A) JP-A-2-308727 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) A01G 9/02 A01G 27/00 A01G 27/06

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A bottomed cultivation tank having an open top, a porous granular layer formed below the cultivation tank, a soil layer formed above the porous granular layer, and the porous granular layer. And an air ejection device for ejecting air from an air ejection tube buried laterally in the cultivation tank, wherein the cultivation tank supplies water to an upper surface position of the porous granular material layer to form a water retention area. 2. A water circulation for circulating and supplying water between a water storage tank to which water is externally supplied and the cultivation tank while maintaining a water level in the cultivation tank to an upper surface position of the porous granular material layer. The plant cultivation apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an apparatus. 3. The plant cultivation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a porous partition is interposed between the porous granular layer and the soil layer. 4. A porous granule layer is formed below a cultivation tank having an open top and a soil layer is formed above the porous granule layer, and a porous partition body is interposed between the soil layer and the porous granule layer. A plant cultivation method comprising blowing air into the porous granular material layer and supplying water into the cultivation tank so that the upper surface of the porous granular material layer is a water-retaining area.