JP3089132B2 - Underwater tunnel excavator - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an underwater tunnel excavator for constructing a tunnel at the bottom of a river, sea, lake or the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Open tunnel construction methods have been developed to construct tunnels by excavating the bottom of the seabed or lake bottom when constructing a submarine tunnel. ing.

[0003] This uses an underwater excavator provided with an entrance for a ring piece, which is a constituent material of a tunnel, and forms a space by a propulsion jack after excavating a groove for one ring piece by the underwater excavator. Then, a ring piece is suspended from above the water into this space, and a submarine tunnel is constructed while connecting the ring pieces in an underwater excavator.

[0004] The earth and sand excavated in the trench at the bottom of the water is transported (muddy water transport) to a ship or the like over the water via a discharge pipe.

[0005]

In a conventional underwater tunnel excavator, the excavated earth and sand is transported in a closed circuit by a discharge pipe (pipe). It will be stored inside and it will not be possible to discharge the soil.

Also, it is unknown what position the top surface of the earth and sand portion of the water bottom and the top of the face at the tip of the underwater excavator are excavating, and the relationship between the amount of excavated soil and the traveling speed is unknown. Not managed at all. In other words, it becomes unknown even if the excavation is made with the excavation width increased by breaking the face. That is, as shown in FIG. 5, when the height of the chamber 1 of the underwater excavator is normal, the earth and sand 2 is taken into the chamber 1 without breaking the ground as shown by the solid line. If the height of the earth and sand 2 is too high (the state shown by the dotted line in the figure), a rising portion A occurs on the face, and if the height of the earth and sand 2 is too low (the state shown by the two-dot chain line in the figure), an arrow As shown by B, collapse occurs.

Also, as shown in FIG.
When excavating in a state where is slightly above the earth and sand, the water and the water 3 flowing into the chamber 1 are formed, so that the earth and sand 2 is easily broken. If the earth and sand 2 are disintegrated, the intake of the chamber 1 is constant, and at present it cannot be corrected.

[0008]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention has a structure in which a front blade opening is opened facing a face face, and a chamber is dug with a reaction force rearward. In a submerged tunnel excavator equipped with an excavating device, a cylindrical body provided in communication with the upper part of the chamber and opened on the water surface to discharge earth and sand in the chamber, and a height of earth and sand before excavation with respect to the chamber are measured. Bottom measuring means to be
Face height measuring means provided at the blade opening of the chamber for measuring the height of the face, soil height measuring means provided on the inner surface of the chamber for measuring the height of the earth and sand inside the chamber, A gate provided at the front of the chamber so as to be openable and closable to change an opening ratio.

[0009]

[Effect] The earth and sand in the chamber is discharged onto the water surface using a clam shell or the like through the cylindrical body. Compare the earth and sand height before excavation detected by the bottom surface measuring means, the height of the face face detected by the face height measuring means, and the earth and sand height in the chamber detected by the earth and sand height measuring means, respectively. By controlling the relationship between the machine and the height of the face, and by changing the opening ratio of the cutting edge by opening and closing the gate, the amount of sediment taken in is maintained normally and the predetermined excavation depth is maintained.

[0010]

1 is a sectional view of an underwater tunnel excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a view taken in the direction of arrow II in FIG.

A main body (chamber) 12 of the underwater tunnel excavator 11 has a cutting edge 13 which is open to face the face S.
Is provided at the front. A rear chamber 14 is provided behind the chamber 12, and a plurality of propulsion jacks 15 are mounted in the rear chamber 14 in a circumferential direction. A segment charging cylinder 16 is attached to the rear chamber 14.

At the rear end of the rear chamber 14, a tunnel 17 is provided.
Tail packing 1 on the inner peripheral surface so that
8 are attached. The tunnel 17 is constructed by connecting a plurality of segments 19. Propulsion jack 15
Of the underwater tunnel excavator 11 by reaction force. Propulsion jack 15 after digging
Is reduced, a space is formed in the rear chamber 14 below the segment charging cylinder 16. Segment loading cylinder 1
A new segment 19 is carried in from 6 and fixed to the end of the tunnel 17, and the underwater tunnel excavator 11 is excavated by the propulsion jack 15 again to construct the tunnel 17.

The upper part of the chamber 12 communicates with a cylindrical body 31 opening above the water surface 20, and the earth and sand 21 in the chamber 12 is discharged through the cylindrical body 31. Blade section 13 of chamber 12
An earth pressure gauge 22 as a face height measuring means for measuring the height of the face S is attached over the entire circumference, and the earth pressure gauge 22 uses the earth pressure gauge 22 in the width direction and the height direction of the earth and sand 21 at the blade opening 13. Presence and earth pressure are measured. A plurality of earth pressure gauges 23 serving as earth and sand height measuring means for measuring the height of the earth and sand 21 inside the chamber 12 are mounted on the rear wall inside the chamber 12 in the height direction. And the earth pressure are measured.

A gate plate 24 is provided at the front of the chamber 12 so as to be able to move up and down. As shown in FIG. 2, the gate plate 24 is divided into three parts in the width direction and each is moved up and down by a gate jack 25 equipped with a stroke meter. . As the gate plate 24 moves up and down, the open / close ratio of the blade opening 13 is changed.
2, reference numeral 25 denotes a lower gate guide, 26 denotes an upper gate guide, and 27 denotes a reaction force frame.

The underwater tunnel excavator 11 is provided with an ultrasonic meter 28 as a bottom surface measuring means, and measures the height of the earth and sand 21 before excavation in front of the blade portion 13 by ultrasonic waves.

The measurement result by the ultrasonic meter 28 and the earth pressure gauge 2
2 and 23, and compare the measurement results with
Of the underwater tunnel excavator 11
At the height of the face S and the height of the earth and sand in the chamber 12, ie, whether the earth and sand 21 are raised or
Measure if the bottom is sinking due to overloading. Thereby, the earth and sand 21 can be taken into the chamber 12 without breaking the ground more than necessary, and stable excavation can be performed.

The earth and sand 21 taken into the chamber 12
For example, the clamshell 30 is inserted into the cylindrical body 31 from above the water surface 20, and is directly grasped by the clamshell 30 and discharged.
For this reason, even if it is a boulder, etc., it can be discharged reliably.

As shown in FIG. 3, when the face is broken during excavation, the gate plate 24 is lowered and the chamber 12
The inflow of earth and sand 21 into the inside is prevented. The excavator 11 excavates while gradually raising the gate plate 24 so as to form a normal face S by forming a face, and returns the underwater tunnel excavator 11 to its original normal position. For this reason, even if the earth and sand 21 collapse, the gate plate 24
Restoration can be easily performed by lifting and lowering.

Further, as shown in FIG.
When the height of the underwater tunnel excavator 11 is lower than the water bottom, the gate plate 24 is lowered to reduce the opening ratio of the blade opening 13 and block the water supply 30. Thereby, the inflow of water into the chamber 12 is prevented, the soil 21 is not broken, and stable excavation becomes possible.

The control for comparing the measurement results of the earth pressure gauges 22, 23 and the ultrasonic meter 28 and the control for raising and lowering the gate plate 24 are performed by a control device (not shown). 20 on ships.

[0021]

According to the underwater tunnel excavator of the present invention, since a communicating cylinder is provided at the upper part of the chamber and sediment is grasped and discharged through the cylinder, it is ensured even if the soil contains cobblestones or the like. Can be discharged. In addition, since the bottom surface measuring means, the face height measuring means, and the sediment height measuring means are provided, the height of the earth and sand in the cutting edge and the chamber can be compared with the earth and sand height before excavation, and Stable excavation can be performed without breaking down more than necessary. In addition, since a gate that changes the open / close ratio of the cutting edge is provided, the gate can be lowered to limit the earth and sand that flows into the chamber even if the cutting face breaks down, making recovery easier, and the earth and sand before excavation can be removed. Even when low, the gate can be lowered to prevent water from flowing into the chamber and excavation can be performed without breaking the earth and sand.

As a result, according to the underwater tunnel excavator of the present invention, the earth and sand can be reliably discharged and the excavation can be performed stably.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an underwater tunnel excavator according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a view taken in the direction of the arrow II in FIG.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram when a face is broken.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram when the height of the earth and sand is low.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing a relationship between earth and sand and a chamber.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram when the height of the earth and sand is low.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Underwater tunnel excavator 12 Main body (chamber) 13 Cutting edge 14 Rear chamber 15 Propulsion jack 16 Segment loading cylinder 17 Tunnel 18 Tail packing 19 Segment 20 Water surface 21 Earth and sand 22 Earth pressure gauge 23 Earth pressure gauge 24 Gate plate 25 Gate jack 28 Ultrasonic wave 31 cylinders in total

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (56) References JP-A-5-33591 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) E21D 10/08-10/16 E21D 9 / 06 301 E21D 9/06 331

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A submerged tunnel excavator comprising: a chamber having a front blade opening opening opposite to a face face; and a digging device for digging the chamber by taking a reaction force rearward. A cylindrical body which is provided in communication and opens on the water surface to discharge earth and sand in the chamber, a bottom surface measuring means for measuring the height of earth and sand before excavation with respect to the chamber, and a cutting face provided at the blade opening of the chamber; Face height measuring means for measuring the height, earth and sand height measuring means provided on the inner surface of the chamber for measuring the height of the earth and sand inside the chamber, and a front part of the chamber for changing the opening ratio of the blade opening An underwater tunnel excavator, comprising: a gate provided to be freely opened and closed.