JPH06299779A - Underwater tunnel excavator - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To surely eliminate earth to carry out a stabilized excavation. CONSTITUTION:A cylindrical body 31 connected to the upper part of a chamber 12 is provided, earth 21 is grabbed by a clam shell 30 through the cylindrical body 31 and is eliminated and even if there are stones, etc., in the earth 21, it is surely eliminated. Earth pressure gauges 22, 23 and an ultrasonic gauge 28 are provided, the height of the earth 21 in a facing edge 13 and the chamber 12 is compared with the height of the earth 21 before the excavation, and stabilized excavation is made. A gate plate 24 changing the opening and shutting ratio of the facing edge 13 is provided, the influx of the earth 21 in the chamber 12 and the influx of water therein are limited by the gate plate 24, the collapse of the earth 21 is prevented, and stabilized excavation is made.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a subsea tunnel excavator for constructing a tunnel on the bottom of a river, sea, lake or the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Tunnel construction methods include the shield construction method and the submerged construction method. When constructing a subsea tunnel, an open shield construction method has been developed in which the tunnel is constructed by excavating the bottom of the sea bottom such as the sea bottom or lake bottom. ing.

This uses an underwater excavator equipped with an inlet for a ring piece which is a tunnel constituent material, and after digging a groove for the length of one ring piece by the underwater excavator, a space is formed by a propulsion jack. Then, a ring piece is suspended from above the water in this space, and the underwater tunnel is constructed while connecting the ring pieces in the underwater excavator.

The earth and sand excavated in the trench of the water bottom is transported (mud transport) to a ship or the like on the water via an earth discharging pipe.

[0005]

In the conventional undersea tunnel excavator, since the excavated earth and sand are transported in a closed circuit in the discharge pipe (pipe), large boulders that cannot be transported by the pipe are used in the chamber of the underwater excavator. It remains stored inside and cannot be discharged.

Further, it is not known where the top surface of the face of the underwater excavator and the top surface of the sand bottom of the bottom of the water are excavating, and the relationship between the amount of soil to be excavated and the traveling speed is unknown. Not managed at all. In other words, it becomes unclear even if the cutting face is broken and the excavation width is increased to proceed with the excavation. That is, as shown in FIG. 5, when the height of the chamber 1 of the underwater excavator is normal, the earth and sand 2 are taken into the chamber 1 without breaking the ground as shown by the solid line. If the height of the earth and sand 2 is too high (the state shown by the dotted line in the figure), the raised portion A is generated on the face, and if the height of the earth and sand 2 is too low (the state shown by the two-dot chain line in the figure), the arrow As shown by B, collapse occurs.

Further, as shown in FIG.
When excavating in a state slightly above the earth and sand, the water 2 that flows into the chamber 1 is created, so the earth and sand 2 easily collapse. When the earth and sand 2 collapse, the intake of the chamber 1 is constant, and it is the current situation that it cannot be fixed.

[0008]

The structure of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is a chamber in which a blade portion of a front portion opens facing the face of a face, and a chamber in which a reaction force is applied rearward to advance the chamber. In a submarine tunnel excavator equipped with an excavation device that allows to measure the height of sediment before excavation with respect to the chamber, which is provided in communication with the upper part of the chamber and opens on the water surface to discharge the sediment in the chamber Bottom measuring means for
Face height measuring means provided in the blade part of the chamber to measure the height of the face, earth and sand height measuring means provided in the inner surface of the chamber to measure the height of the earth and sand inside the chamber, and the blade part It is characterized in that it is provided with a gate which is provided at a front portion of the chamber so as to be openable and closable in order to change an opening ratio.

[0009]

[Operation] The earth and sand in the chamber are discharged to the surface of the water by using a clam shell or the like through the cylinder. Sediment height before excavation detected by the bottom surface measuring means, height of the cutting face detected by the cutting face height measuring means, and sediment height in the chamber detected by the sediment height measuring means are respectively compared to excavate. The relationship between the height of the machine and the face of the face is managed, and the opening ratio of the blade opening is changed by opening and closing the gate to keep the amount of sediment taken in normally and maintain a predetermined excavation depth.

[0010]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 shows a cross section of a water bottom tunnel excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 shows a view taken along the arrow II in FIG.

The body (chamber) 12 of the subsea tunnel excavator 11 has a blade opening 13 facing the face S and opening.
Is provided at the front. A rear chamber 14 is provided behind the chamber 12, and a plurality of propulsion jacks 15 are mounted in the rear chamber 14 in the circumferential direction. A segment charging cylinder 16 is attached to the rear chamber 14.

A tunnel 17 is provided at the rear end of the rear chamber 14.
Tail packing 1 on the inner surface so that it will be in close contact with the end of the
8 is attached. The tunnel 17 is constructed by connecting a plurality of segments 19. Propulsion jack 15
By pressing against the segment 19, the underwater tunnel excavator 11 advances by reaction force. After jacking 15
By contracting, a space is created in the rear chamber 14 below the segment charging cylinder 16. Segment input cylinder 1
A new segment 19 is carried in from 6 and fixed to the end of the tunnel 17, and the underwater tunnel excavator 11 is driven again by the propulsion jack 15 to construct the tunnel 17.

A cylindrical body 31 that opens above the water surface 20 communicates with the upper portion of the chamber 12, and the earth and sand 21 inside the chamber 12 is discharged through the cylindrical body 31. Blade portion 13 of chamber 12
An earth pressure gauge 22 as a face height measuring means for measuring the height of the face S is attached over the entire circumference, and the earth pressure gauge 22 detects the width and height of the earth and sand 21 at the blade opening 13. Presence / absence and earth pressure are measured. A plurality of earth pressure gauges 23 as earth and sand height measuring means for measuring the height of the earth and sand 21 inside the chamber 12 are attached to the rear wall of the chamber 12 in the height direction. The amount of soil and earth pressure are measured.

A gate plate 24 is provided at the front part of the chamber 12 so as to be able to move up and down. As shown in FIG. 2, the gate plate 24 is divided into three parts in the width direction and is moved up and down by a gate jack 25 with a stroke gauge. . As the gate plate 24 moves up and down, the opening / closing ratio of the blade opening 13 is changed.
Reference numeral 25 in FIG. 2 is a lower gate guide, 26 is an upper gate guide, and 27 is a reaction force frame.

The subsea tunnel excavator 11 is provided with an ultrasonic meter 28 as a bottom surface measuring means, and measures the height of the earth and sand 21 before excavation in front of the blade portion 13 by ultrasonic waves.

The measurement result by the ultrasonic meter 28 and the earth pressure gauge 2
Compared with the measurement results by 2, 23, the earth and sand 21 before excavation
Of the bottom of the subsea tunnel excavator 11 with respect to the height of
At the height of the face surface S and the height of the earth and sand in the chamber 12, that is, whether the earth and sand 21 is raised or the earth and sand 21
Measure if the bottom is sunk due to excessive intake. As a result, the earth and sand 21 can be taken into the chamber 12 and the stable excavation can be performed without breaking the ground more than necessary.

The earth and sand 21 taken into the chamber 12 is
For example, a clam shell 30 is inserted into the cylindrical body 31 from above the water surface 20, and the clam shell 30 directly grasps and discharges.
Therefore, even cobblestones can be reliably discharged.

As shown in FIG. 3, when the face is broken during excavation, the gate plate 24 is lowered and the chamber 12
Prevent the inflow of sediment 21 into the interior. The gate plate 24 is gradually raised so that a normal face S is formed by raising the face and excavating to return the underwater tunnel excavator 11 to the original normal position. Therefore, even if the earth and sand 21 collapse, the gate plate 24
Restoration can be easily done by moving up and down.

Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the earth and sand 2 before excavation
When the height of 1 is low and the submerged tunnel excavator 11 is located above the bottom of the water, the gate plate 24 is lowered to reduce the opening ratio of the blade opening 13 and interrupt the water supply 30. This prevents the inflow of water into the chamber 12, prevents the sand 21 from collapsing, and enables stable excavation.

The control for comparing the measurement results of the earth pressure gauges 22 and 23 and the ultrasonic meter 28 and the control for raising and lowering the gate plate 24 are carried out by a control device (not shown), which is in the tunnel 17 or at the water surface (not shown). Prepared for over 20 vessels.

[0021]

The water bottom tunnel excavator of the present invention is provided with a cylindrical body communicating with the upper part of the chamber, and the earth and sand are grabbed and discharged through the cylindrical body. Therefore, even if the earth and sand contain boulders, etc. Can be discharged to. Further, since the bottom surface measuring means, the face height measuring means and the earth and sand height measuring means are provided, it is possible to compare the height of the earth and sand in the cutting edge and the chamber with the earth and sand height before excavation, and Stable digging can be performed without breaking down more than necessary. In addition, since a gate is provided to change the opening / closing ratio of the cutting edge, even if the cutting edge collapses, the gate can be lowered to limit the sediment that flows into the chamber, and recovery can be performed easily. Even when the temperature is low, the gate can be lowered to prevent the inflow of water into the chamber, and excavation can be performed without breaking the earth and sand.

As a result, according to the underwater tunnel excavator of the present invention, the earth and sand can be reliably discharged, and stable excavation is possible.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a water bottom tunnel excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a view on arrow II in FIG.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view when a face is broken.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view when the height of sediment is low.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing a relationship between earth and sand and a chamber.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory view when the height of sediment is low.

[Explanation of symbols]

 11 Underwater Tunnel Excavator 12 Main Body (Chamber) 13 Cutting Edge 14 Rear Chamber 15 Propulsion Jack 16 Segment Input Cylinder 17 Tunnel 18 Tail Packing 19 Segment 20 Water Surface 21 Sediment 22 Earth Pressure Gauge 23 Earth Pressure Gauge 24 Gate Plate 25 Gate Jack 28 Ultrasonic 31 in total

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A water-bottom tunnel excavator equipped with a chamber having a front blade opening facing the face of the face and an excavation device for excavating the chamber by taking a reaction force backward, and at the top of the chamber. A cylindrical body that is provided in communication and opens above the water surface to discharge the sediment in the chamber, a bottom surface measurement unit that measures the sediment height before excavation with respect to the chamber, and a cutting face of the cutting face provided in the blade portion of the chamber. Face height measuring means for measuring height, earth and sand height measuring means provided on the inner surface of the chamber for measuring the height of earth and sand inside the chamber, and the front part of the chamber for changing the opening ratio of the blade An underwater tunnel excavator, which is provided with a gate that can be freely opened and closed.