JP2963631B2 - Underwater shield excavation method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an underwater shield excavation method, and more particularly to an underwater shield excavation method for excavating a tunnel through which water passes, such as an underground waterway or a reservoir.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, when a tunnel for passing water, such as an underground waterway or a reservoir, is made to reach underwater such as the sea or a river,
By using double sheet pile type closing method, caisson type closing method, embankment type closing method, etc., the reaching shaft is installed in the water at the reaching position.

[0003] In the double sheet pile type closing method, sheet piles are driven in parallel in two rows, and the inside is filled with earth and sand to form a wall.
The arrival shaft is constructed by this wall.

[0004] In the caisson type closing method, a caisson skeleton is sunk at the excavation reaching position to construct a reaching shaft.

In the embankment type closing method, a dam is constructed with earth and sand and the like, and the reaching shaft is constructed by excavating the dam.

[0006] As described above, the reaching shaft is installed in the underwater such as the sea or river, which is the excavation reaching position, the inside of the reaching shaft is made dry, and the shield machine reaches the inside of the dry reaching shaft. Then, the shield machine is dismantled and removed in the arrival shaft.

[0007]

As described above, a double sheet pile type cut-off method, a caisson type cut-off method, an embankment type cut-off method, etc. are used to reach the underwater in the sea or river where the shield machine is reached. In the case of installing a shaft and letting the shield machine reach this reaching shaft, there is a problem that it takes days to construct the reaching shaft, the construction period is lengthened, and the construction cost is increased. .

In particular, when the number of days available for construction from the water is short due to waves, tides, weather, etc., there has been a problem that it is difficult to install a reaching shaft which requires days for construction.

In the case of constructing a reaching shaft underwater, various organisms inhabit the coastal area near the land, especially in the sea. If the reaching shaft is constructed in this habitat, a large-scale habitat is provided in the habitat. Pile driving and excavation are performed, and there is a possibility that the ecosystem of living organisms living there may be changed, and there is a problem that it is not preferable in terms of environmental protection.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and its object is to perform construction in a short period of time when excavating underwater shields safely and at a low cost. An object of the present invention is to provide an underwater shield excavation method suitable for protecting the natural environment.

[0011]

Means for Solving the Problems In order to achieve the object, a first invention comprises a step of constructing a starting shaft at a shield starting position, a step of excavating a shield to a position just before the excavation reaching position where the starting shaft escapes into the water, A step of attaching a sealing lid to the shield segment immediately before the excavation reaching position and stopping water, a step of separating the shield machine from the water after sealing by the seal lid of the shield segment, and taking out the shield machine from the water, Removing the sealing lid of the shield segment.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, after forming the starting shaft, disposing a caisson filled with mortar at the excavation reaching position, and after excavating a shield machine in the caisson. A step of attaching a sealing lid to the shield segment immediately before the excavation reaching position and stopping water, and after sealing the shield segment with the sealing lid, separating the shield machine and removing the shield machine together with the caisson in water, It is characterized by including.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, after the shield segment is sealed with a sealing lid, the upper part and the side part of the shield machine are dredged, and the shield machine is separated and taken out from the water. Removing the sealing lid from the shield segment in water, and then adding a culvert to the tip of the shield segment for a predetermined length.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, after sealing the shield segment with a sealing lid, suspending and holding a casing at the excavation attainment position, and extruding a shield machine into the casing, Separating the shield machine and taking out the shield machine from the water by the housing.

[0015]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, a sealed lid is attached to a shield segment immediately before a digging reaching position where the shield machine comes out of the starting shaft to reach the water, and the water is stopped. Then, the shield machine is separated and taken out from the water. , By removing the sealing lid of the shield segment from the water, the shield machine can be taken out while the water inside the tunnel pit is securely stopped by the sealing lid, and the shield machine can be safely and quickly completed without using the reaching shaft Can be taken out,
In addition, since a reaching shaft is not required, the construction cost is low, and there is little influence on living organisms living in the water, which is suitable for environmental protection.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, after the shield machine is excavated in the mortar of the caisson disposed at the excavation reaching position, the hermetic lid is attached to the shield segment immediately before the excavation reaching position. The installation work can be performed with the water between the caisson and the shield machine stopped, so the work can be performed more safely.After the sealing lid is attached, the shield machine is separated and the caisson and the shield machine are separated. Can be taken out, and the taking out becomes easy.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, after the shield segment is sealed with the sealing lid, the upper part and the side part of the shield machine are dredged to separate the shield machine and take it out, so that it is easy to take out and low cost. In addition, the shortage of the tunnel can be compensated for by the installation of the culvert, and the auxiliary work can be easily performed.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, after the shield segment is sealed with the sealing lid, the shield machine is pushed out into the housing suspended and held in water, and the shield machine is taken out by the housing, thereby taking out the shield machine. Can be easily performed.

[0019]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIGS. 1 to 9 are diagrams showing a shield excavation method in water according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

In this embodiment, a method of excavating underwater shields is used under construction conditions as shown in FIG.

That is, in FIG. 14, the estuary of the river 14 faces from the land 10 to the sea 12, and the tidal current A flows across the estuary of the river 14 in the sea 12. Therefore, the tide A is likely to cause the sandbar 16 to block the estuary in front of the estuary, so that sediment 48 is formed between the sandbar 16 and the estuary, and the river 14 is likely to increase in water level.

Therefore, a waterway tunnel 18 is constructed from the middle of the river 14 toward the sea, and the water of the river 14 is caused to flow directly to the sea 12 through the waterway tunnel 18 so that the water 14
To prevent the water from rising.

In constructing the waterway tunnel 18,
First, as shown in FIG. 1, a starting shaft 20 is constructed at a shield starting position in the middle of the river. This shaft 2
In the case of 0, sufficient water stoppage is performed so that water in the river 14 does not enter.

Next, as shown in FIG. 2, a caisson 22 for stopping water at the time of reaching the shield machine is laid at a position where the shield machine reaches the excavation position on the seabed that escapes into the water. The excavation reaching position is set on an inclined surface 24 on the seabed. A mound 26 is formed at the excavation reaching position on the inclined surface 24, a caisson 22 is laid on the mound 26, and the improved soil is further placed on the caisson 22. 2
8 is backfilling.

The caisson 22 is formed in a cylindrical shape, and the caisson 22 is filled with a poorly mixed mortar 34 (see FIG. 4). The mortar 34 is hard enough to be excavated by the shield machine, and is poorly mixed so that sufficient water can be stopped.

Next, as shown in FIG.
Shield excavation is performed by the shield machine from the caisson 22 sinking to the excavation reaching position, and the waterway tunnel 18 is constructed. In this case, at the excavation reaching position, as shown in FIG. 5, the mortar 34 filled in the caisson 22 is excavated by the shield machine 36, and the shield machine 36 is excavated into the caisson 22. When the mortar 34 is excavated by the shield machine 36, although not shown, a water-stopping body is disposed at a predetermined interval between the mortar 34 and the shield machine 36, and a backfill material is injected between the water-stopping bodies to mortar. 34 and shield machine 36
The water is stopped during the process. As the water stopping body, for example, rubber or the like is used, and this is extruded from the inside of the shield machine 36 to the mortar 34 side. In this way, by stopping the water between the shield machine 36 and the mortar 34 by the water stopping body and the backfill material, the caisson 22
The inside is reliably stopped, and the shield machine 36 is stopped.

Next, from the state of FIG. 5, the sealing lid 32 is attached to the shield segment 30 immediately before the excavation reaching position to stop water in the waterway tunnel 18. This sealing lid 32 is attached between the first and second shield segments 30 from the top, and between the first and second shield segments 30 as shown in FIGS. A reinforcing ring 40 having substantially the same diameter as the shield segment 30 having a sealing lid attachment ring 38 attached to the distal end side is attached thereto, and the sealing lid is attached to the sealing lid attaching ring 38 from the distal end side.

Further, on the rear surface of the sealing lid 32, four sealing lid reinforcing steel members 44 supported by a reinforcing ring 40 via a bracket 42 are arranged.
, The sealing lid 32 is reinforced. Therefore, even when a water pressure is applied to the sealing lid 32, it is possible to sufficiently cope with the water pressure.

Next, after the shield segment 30 is sealed with the sealing lid 32 and water is stopped, the shield machine 36 is separated from the shield segment 30 and the shield machine 36 is stored in the caisson 22 as shown in FIG. In this state, the shield machine 36 together with the caisson 22 is taken out of the water.

Next, after taking out the shield machine 36 shown in FIG.
After injecting water into the pit of the waterway tunnel 18 and filling the pit with water, diving from the sea to the tip position of the shield segment 30 and removing the sealing lid 32 attached to the shield segment 30 from the water, Since the tunnel 18 and the sea 12 are communicated with each other, the waterway tunnel 18 can be completed safely and in a short period of time and without destroying the environment near the coast.

Therefore, the water in the river 14 is bypassed into the sea by the water channel tunnel 18 so as to flow out, so that the sand bar 16 formed at the estuary forms sediment 4 near the estuary.
Even when 8 occurs, it is possible to suppress an increase in the river 14.

FIGS. 10 and 11 show a method of excavating underwater shields according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

In this embodiment, after a starting shaft is constructed at the shield starting position, a mound 26 is formed on the inclined surface 24 of the seabed, which is a digging arrival position, and the mound 26 is backfilled with the improved soil 28 to start. The shield machine 36 is excavated from the shaft to the middle of the improved soil 28 provided at the excavation reaching position, and in a state where the shield machine 36 is protected from water by the improved soil 28, the sealing lid 32 is attached to the shield segment 30 to prevent water from stopping. Do.

Next, as shown in FIG. 11, the improved soil 28 above and on the side of the shield machine 36 is dredged and removed.
After exposing the shield machine 36 and removing the shield machine 36 from the water, water is poured into the pit of the waterway tunnel 18 to fill the pit with water.

Then, the user dive underwater in this state, remove the sealing lid 32 attached to the shield segment 30, and add a culvert 46 to the tip of the shield segment 30 for a predetermined length, so that the culvert 46 can be safely and in a short time. Moreover, the waterway tunnel 18 can be completed without destroying the coastal environment.

FIGS. 12 and 13 show a method of excavating underwater shields according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

In this embodiment, as in the second embodiment, the mound 26 formed on the inclined surface 24 of the seabed is backfilled with the improved soil 28, and the shield machine 36 is moved to a position halfway through the improved soil 28. After excavation, water is stopped by attaching the sealing lid 32 to the shield segment 30 immediately before the excavation reaching position, the housing 50 is hung and held at the excavation reaching position underwater, and the housing 50 is remotely operated by the shield jack.
The shield machine 36 is extruded inside, the shield machine 36 is separated, and the shield machine 36 is taken out of the water by the housing 50.

As described above, by pushing out the shield machine 36 into the housing 50 and taking out the shield machine 36 from the water by the housing 50, the shield machine 36 can be easily taken out.

Next, after taking out the shield machine 36, water is poured into the pit of the waterway tunnel 18, and the pit is filled with water.
Then, if the user dives underwater in this state and removes the sealing lid 32 attached to the shield segment 30, the waterway tunnel 18 can be completed safely and in a short time without destroying the coastal environment.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the present invention.

For example, in the above-described embodiment, the description has been given of the case of the construction of the waterway tunnel. However, the present invention is not limited to this example. In addition, it is possible to have a water storage function.

In the above-described embodiment, the mound for reaching the inclined surface is provided in order to allow the shield machine to reach the steeply inclined surface of the sea floor. However, when the inclination is gentle, the mound is provided. May not be needed.

Further, in the above-described embodiment, the description has been made of the case where the waterway tunnel is constructed from the river to the sea. However, the present invention is not limited to this example. For example, the waterway tunnel which connects the river and the lake, or the reservoir or the reservoir and the river is also used. Of course, it can be applied.

[0045]

As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the shield segment is attached to the shield segment immediately before the excavation reaching position where it escapes from the starting shaft into the water, and the shield machine is separated. By removing the sealing lid of the shield segment from the water, it is possible to take out the shield machine in a state where the inside of the tunnel pit is securely stopped by the sealing lid, and it is safe and short-term without using the arrival shaft There is an effect that the shield machine can be taken out in the meantime.

Further, since the arrival shaft is not required, the construction cost is low, and the construction of the arrival shaft has little effect on the organisms living in the water, which is advantageous for environmental protection.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, after the shield machine is excavated in the mortar of the caisson arranged at the excavation reaching position, the sealing lid is attached to the shield segment immediately before the excavation reaching position, whereby the sealing lid is attached. The work can be performed with the water between the caisson and the shield machine stopped, and the work can be performed more safely.After the sealing lid is attached, the shield machine is separated and the shield machine together with the caisson is installed. There is an effect that it can be taken out and the taking out becomes easy.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, after the shield segment is sealed with the sealing lid, the upper part and the side part of the shield machine are dredged to separate and take out the shield machine.
There is an effect that the take-out is easy and the cost can be reduced, and the short length of the tunnel can be compensated for by installing the culvert, and the auxiliary work can be easily performed.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, after the shield segment is sealed with the sealing lid, the shield machine is extruded into the housing suspended and held in water, and the shield machine is taken out by the housing. Can be easily performed.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a step of forming a starting shaft in an underwater shield excavation method according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a process of installing a caisson from the state of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a state in which shield excavation is performed from the state of FIG. 2 to a caisson from a starting shaft.

FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged sectional view showing an installation state of the caisson of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of FIG. 3 showing a state in which the shield machine has been dug into the caisson.

6 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing a state in which a sealing lid is attached to a shield segment from the state of FIG. 5, and the shield machine is separated and taken out from water.

FIG. 7 is an enlarged sectional view of the sealing lid of FIG. 6;

8 is a front view from the direction of arrow VIII in FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a front view of the sealing lid mounting ring of FIGS. 7 and 8;

FIG. 10 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing a state in which shield excavation is performed up to a straight line where the excavation reaches underwater in the underwater shield excavation method according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

11 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing a state in which the upper part and the side part of the shield machine are dredged from the state of FIG. 10, the shield machine is taken out, and then the culvert is installed.

FIG. 12 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing a state in which a housing is suspended to a position at which a digging has been reached in a shield digging method in water according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

13 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing a state in which the shield machine is pushed into the housing from the state of FIG. 12 and the shield machine is taken out together with the housing.

FIG. 14 is a plan view showing construction conditions in each embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Land 12 Sea 14 River 16 Sandbar 18 Waterway tunnel 20 Starting shaft 22 Caisson 24 Inclined surface 26 Mound 28 Improved soil 30 Shield segment 32 Sealing lid 34 Mortar 36 Shielding machine 38 Sealing lid attachment ring 40 Reinforcement ring 42 Bracket 44 Sealing lid reinforcing steel 46 Culvert 48 Sediment 50 Housing

────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued on the front page (72) Koji Tada, Inventor 1-7-1, Kyobashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo Toda Construction Co., Ltd. (72) Hideo Yoshikawa 3-2-25, Kugayama, Suginami-ku, Tokyo (56 References JP-A-61-261599 (JP, A) JP-A-64-6496 (JP, A) JP-A-62-10396 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB (Name) E21D 9/06 301

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] A step of constructing a starting shaft at a shield starting position; a step of excavating a shield to a position immediately before the excavation reaching position where the starting shaft escapes into the water; and attaching a sealing lid to a shield segment immediately before the excavating position to stop water. Performing the step of separating the shield machine from the water after sealing the shield segment with the sealing lid, and removing the sealing lid of the shield segment from the water after removing the shield machine. Underwater shield excavation method. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: after forming the starting shaft, disposing a caisson filled with mortar at the excavation reaching position; and excavating a shield machine in the caisson, and then reaching the excavation. Attaching a sealing lid to the shield segment immediately before the position to stop water; and, after sealing the shield segment with the sealing lid, separating the shield machine and taking out the shield machine together with the caisson in water. Underwater shield excavation method. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein after the shield segment is sealed with a sealing lid, a step of dredging an upper part and a side part of the shield machine, separating the shield machine and taking out the shield machine from the water, and sealing the shield segment. Removing the lid in water, and then adding a culvert to the tip of the shield segment for a predetermined length. 4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising, after sealing the shield segment with a sealing lid, suspending and holding a casing at the excavation attainment position and pushing a shield machine into the casing, and separating the shield machine. Removing the shield machine from the water by means of a housing.