JP2548261B2 - House - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial field of application] The present invention relates to a house using a so-called air cycle that utilizes a flow of air. More specifically, the present invention relates to a house having a small heat loss and a ventilation function for a living space.

[Conventional technology]

In this type of house, the space under the floor and the space behind the hut are connected with the space inside the wall, and these spaces are naturally ventilated or forcedly circulate air.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

However, in an air cycle house with a conventional structure, a house using natural ventilation does not perform an air cycle for the entire house when only a limited room is heated, such as in winter. This is because only one room in the house is humidified on the inside wall and ceiling of the house and the shoji on the corridor side, and only the internal space in this part rises in temperature, which is the driving force that causes the air cycle of the entire house. However, when the temperature rises to a certain height on the wall surface, it is reduced by other cold air, resulting in dew condensation water at that position. Of course, since the stove, etc. is on the floor, the air cycle space in the vicinity immediately condenses due to contact with the air heated at low temperature and high humidity from the underfloor space, causing corrosion of the base, heat insulating material (glass wool wet cloth). )
There was a drawback to promote. Further, neither the air cycle house with natural ventilation nor the air cycle house with forced ventilation has a structure for taking in air into the indoor space, nor a structure for completely dispersing air in the air cycle space.

[Means for solving the problem]

In order to eliminate such drawbacks, the present invention provides ventilation with less heat loss by making the living space also one of the paths of the air cycle, and by collecting solar heat on the outer wall and the roof, it is possible to reduce the energy consumption in winter. The present invention proposes a house in which heat is taken in and out of a house by reducing the amount of the air, and by sucking and exhausting the heat via a heat exchanger, thereby improving habitability and durability.

〔Example〕

An embodiment of a house according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory view for explaining a typical example of the house A, where 1 is a space behind the hut, 2 is a living space, 3 is an underfloor space, 4 is an airtight heat insulating layer, 6 is a wall collector space, and 8 is a roof. Collector space, 10 is ventilation space, 11 is intake / exhaust port, 12 is heat exchanger, 14 is air inlet, 15 is ventilation fan, 16 is heat collecting duct, 17 is distribution duct, 18 is fan, 19 to 22 are pipes Is. That is, the attic space 1, the living space 2,
The underfloor space 3 has an inner wall 9, a ceiling 23, and a floor inside the house A.
Three spaces divided by 24, an attic space 1
Is a function of an air dam for agitating and dispersing the outside air sucked through the heat exchanger 12 by the diffusion fan 13 and one of the paths for sending warm air to the underfloor space 3, as will be described later. In addition, the living space 2 is a space in which the resident performs daily life, and is connected to the underfloor space 3 by the air supply port 14. The air supply port 14 is a passage for sending the air in the underfloor space 3 to the living space 2, and has a simple hole shape, or is provided with a forced air fan. A ventilation fan 15 is provided at least at one place in the living space 2.
The ventilation fan 15 is connected to the heat exchanger 12 by a pipe 21, and in the living space 2, the ventilation of the occupant, the dirty air due to the exhaust from the heater such as the stove, and the air containing the humidity are transferred to the heat exchanger 12. It is for discharging to the outside through the. The underfloor space 3 is a space divided by the living space 2 and the floor 24, and is communicated with the attic space 1 via the ventilation space 10 and also with the lower part of the wall collector space 6. Further, the attic space 1, the living space 2, and the underfloor space 3 are portions surrounded by the airtight heat insulating layer 4. This airtight heat insulating layer 4 has at least heat insulating properties and hermetic properties, and is a material having a sound insulating property, a sound absorbing property, and a moisture proof property, such as a sheathing board, a sheathing insulation board, an ALC plate, various synthetic resin plates, It is formed from a wood chip cement board, a glass wool board, or a composite board of these. To further explain, the airtight heat insulating layer 4 includes a group of an attic space 1, a living space 2 and an underfloor space 3 inside the house A, a wall collector space 6 and a roof collector space 8
It is divided into two groups, and functions as a heat insulating layer. The wall collector space 6 is a space surrounded by the outer wall 5 and the airtight heat insulating layer 4, and the roof collector space 8 is a space between the roof 7 and the airtight heat insulating layer 4. The wall collector space 6 and the roof collector space 8 are continuous with each other, and are a portion where solar heat is collected through the outer wall 5 and the roof 7. To explain further, the lower part of the wall collector space 6 (near the base) is the underfloor space 3,
It communicates with the ventilation space 10, takes in part of the air in the underfloor space 3, and heats this air by solar heat via the outer wall 5. Since this wall collector space 6 is continuous with the roof collector space 8, the air heated in the wall collector space 6 rises and moves to the roof collector space 8. The air that has moved to the roof collector space 8 is further heated by the solar heat through the roof 7, collected by the heat collecting duct 16 arranged near the roof collector space 8, and passes through the fan 18 and the pipe 22. Underfloor space 3
Be carried to. That is, the wall collector space 6 and the roof collector space 8 are for collecting solar heat in the winter season and using it for heating the house A. The heat collecting duct 16 and the fan 18 are activated only when the temperature of the air in the roof collector space 8 becomes equal to or higher than at least one temperature in the attic space 1, the living space 2, and the underfloor space 3. is there. The control of the heat collecting duct 16 and the fan 18 can be performed by a microcomputer or a sensor, which is not shown. The dispersion duct 17 is disposed in the underfloor space 3, is connected to the heat collection duct 16, the fan 18 and the pipe 22, and is connected to the wall collector space 6 and the roof collector space 8
This is for dispersing the air warmed by the inside of the underfloor space 3. The shape is, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, a pipe made of metal or plastic is formed into an antenna shape, and each has a slit 17a having a rectangular shape, an elliptical shape, a circular shape, or a communicating tissue. A material having voids such as, for example, fiber material such as glass fiber, plastic fiber, mineral fiber, metal fiber,
A synthetic resin foam such as polyurethane foam and polyurea foam having an open cell structure, porous ceramics, etc., formed in a pipe shape such as a ring shape, a square shape, a triangular shape, a polygonal shape, etc. in FIG. 4 (a), These are arranged as shown in (b). The ventilation space 10 has an inner wall 9 and an airtight insulating layer 4
It is a space formed between them, and the lower part is a continuous space with the underfloor space 3 and the upper part is a space with the attic space 1. This ventilation space 10
Is a path for guiding the fresh air in the attic space 1 taken in by the intake / exhaust port 11 and the heat exchanger 12 to the underfloor space 3, and for removing the cool air near the inner wall 9 of the living space 2. It is a thing. The heat exchanger 12 has a structure as shown in FIG. 5, for example, and the ducts 12a and 12b are connected to the intake / exhaust port 11 and the pipe 1.
9, the duct 12d is connected to the ventilation fan 15 by the pipe 21, and the duct 12c is connected to the diffusion fan 13. That is, the heat exchanger 12 takes in fresh air from the duct 12a from the intake / exhaust port 11 through the pipe 19 and passes through the duct 12d from the duct 12b when the air is discharged from the duct 12c to the attic space 1 by the diffusion fan 13. This is to prevent the heat from being released by exchanging the heat of the warm air discharged to the outside. In addition, the diffusion fan 13 is a heat exchanger in the attic space 1.
This is to make the temperature in the attic space 1 uniform by diffusing the fresh air obtained through the space 12.

Here, the flow of air will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. The air taken from the outside B into the house A through the intake / exhaust port 11 passes through the heat exchanger 12 and the diffusion fan 13
Is diffused into the attic space 1 and supplied. Since the air in the attic space 1 is supplied from the heat exchanger 12, its pressure increases, and due to this pressure, it moves to the underfloor space 3 through the ventilation space 10. Part of the air that has moved to the underfloor space 3 moves to the wall collector space 6 depending on the operating condition of the heat collection duct 16 and the pressure inside the underfloor space 3. In the wall collector space 6, it is warmed by the solar heat via the outer wall 5 and rises, and moves to the roof collector space 8. In the roof collector space 8, it is moved by the solar heat through the roof 7 to the heat collecting duct 16 which is further warmed and provided in the ridge portion. This warmed air is fanned by the heat collection duct 16.
It is conveyed through the pipe 22 via 18 to the dispersion duct 17 arranged in the underfloor space 3, and is uniformly dispersed in the underfloor space 3. In the underfloor space 3, the air sent from the heat collection duct 16 and the ventilation space 10
The air that has passed through is mixed, and the mixed warm air enters the living space 2 through the air supply port 14. The air in the living space 2 is dispersed between the rooms, finally carried to the heat exchanger 12 via the ventilation fan 15, and discharged to the outside B from the intake / exhaust port 11 through the pipe 20. At this time, since pressure is applied to the attic space 1, moisture (humidity) generated in the living space 2 does not leak to the attic space 1, and the ventilation fan 15 and the heat exchanger are provided.
It is released to the outside B via 12 and can also prevent the corrosion of the house A. As described above, in the winter, the heat generated in the house A can be minimized to the outside, and the house A can be ventilated at the same time. In the summer, the heat collection duct 16 to the dispersion duct 17
By stopping the fan 18 on the way to, the flow of air in the wall collector space 6 and the roof collector space 8 is stopped,
By using these as a heat insulating layer, the heat flow inside and outside the house A can be eliminated, and cooling can be efficiently performed.

The above description is merely one example of the house A according to the present invention, and as indicated by the dotted line in FIG.
A part of the pipe 22 connecting the 16 and the dispersion duct 17 may be used as the radiator 25 in the living space 2. Intake and exhaust port 11
Although it is formed near the base in FIG. 1, it can be provided near the roof 7 such as the eaves. Further, although the heat exchanger 12 is arranged in the attic space 1 in the figure, it may be arranged in a part of the wall body or in the underfloor space 3. It is also possible to provide a valve mechanism in the middle of the wall collector space 6 and the underfloor space 3. When a material having a void having a communicating structure is used as the dispersion duct 17, the material can be formed as schematically shown in the sectional views of FIGS. 6 (a) to 6 (h). That is, (a) is a dispersion duct 17, which is composed only of a main body 17b made of a material having voids of a communicating structure, (b), (c) is an inner surface of the main body 17b, an outer surface, or both surfaces (not shown). Dispersion duct 17 with improved shape retention by covering the sheet with a breathable sheet 17c, (d)
Figures (h) shows the outer surface of the main body 17b covered with a sheet 17d, figures (d) show a dispersion duct 17 having slits 17e, and figures (e) to (g) show a sheet 17d. Dispersion duct 17 with free end 17f formed in part of
It is a dispersion duct 17 in which a part of 7b is exposed. In addition,
The sheet-like material 17d in FIGS. (D) to (h) may be either air-permeable or air-impermeable, but when an air-impermeable material is used in FIGS. (D) to (g), the slit 17e and the free end are used. 1
7f fulfills a valve function, which is one-way only for discharging the air in the dispersion duct 17 to the outside, which is preferable.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, according to the house of the present invention, since intake and exhaust with the outside are all performed through the heat exchanger,
There is no heat input and output, and heating and cooling can be performed efficiently. In winter, the solar heat can be utilized by the wall collector space and the roof collector space, and the heating cost can be reduced. In summer, not only the airtight heat insulating layer but also the wall collector space and the roof collector space can function as the heat insulating layer. The living space can be ventilated at the same time. Since the pressure in the attic space is higher than that in the living space, air acts as an activation force for the air cycle that moves through the ventilation space to the underfloor space, and moisture and moisture generated in the living space may leak to the attic space. Without, the durability of the house can be improved. There are effects and features such as.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a typical example of a house according to the present invention,
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating the flow of air, FIGS. 3 and 4 (a) and (b) are explanatory views showing an example of a dispersion duct, and FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing an example of a heat exchanger. , FIG. 6 (a)-
(H) is explanatory drawing which shows the other example of a structure of a dispersion duct. A: house, 1 ... hut back space, 2 ... living space, 3 ...
… Underfloor space, 4 …… Airtight insulation layer, 6 …… Wall collector space, 8 …… Roof collector space, 10 …… Ventilation space, 12…
… Heat exchanger, 14 …… Air inlet, 15 …… Ventilation fan.

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. An attic space, a living space, and an underfloor space are surrounded by an airtight heat insulation layer, a wall collector space is formed between the airtight heat insulation layer and an outer wall, and a roof collector space is provided between the airtight heat insulation layer and a roof. And a ventilation space for connecting the wall collector space and the roof collector space, and for connecting the underfloor space and the attic space between the airtight heat-insulating layer and the inner wall, and The lower part of the collector space and the lower part of the ventilation space are communicated with each other, and the underfloor space and the living space are connected by an air supply port, the roof collector space has a heat collecting duct, the underfloor space has a dispersing duct,
A ventilation fan is installed in the living space, a heat exchanger is installed at an arbitrary position inside the house, and at least one intake / exhaust port connecting the inside and outside of the house is formed, and heat exchange with the intake / exhaust port is performed. A heat exchanger, a heat collecting duct and a dispersion duct, a ventilation fan and a heat exchanger are connected by pipes respectively, and fresh air outside is taken into the attic space through the heat exchanger from the intake and exhaust ports, and the heat exchanger is removed from the ventilation fan. A house characterized by exhausting air from the living space to the outside through the house.