JP2714049B2 - House - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a house using a so-called air cycle utilizing an air flow. More specifically, the present invention relates to a house having a small heat loss and a ventilation function for a living space.

[Conventional technology]

In this type of house, the underfloor space and the space behind the hut are communicated with the space inside the wall, and these spaces are formed by natural ventilation or by forcibly circulating air.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

However, in this type of house, the air circulation path is only the space under the floor, the space behind the cabin, and the space inside the wall, and the living space is only surrounded by these. That is, in winter, the water emitted from the stove and heater, the combustion gas, the water emitted from the human body, and the like remain stored in the living space, and it is necessary to perform ventilation by opening windows and the like.
With the ventilation, the heat of the living space was released to the outside.

[Means for solving the problem]

The present invention eliminates such a drawback by providing a living space 2.
Also, by using one of the paths of the air cycle, ventilation with little heat loss is performed, solar heat is collected on the outer wall 22 and the roof 21, and the heat generated in the house A escapes to the outside B by conduction and leakage. The energy in winter is reduced by collecting and reusing the waste, and the underfloor space 3 has an intersoil insulation layer 29, a concrete layer 30,
And heat medium pipe 33 embedded in the concrete layer 30
The present invention proposes a house that achieves central heating by forming a slab heating section 28 made of and heating the living space 2 with air heated by the slab heating section 28.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, an embodiment of a house according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory view for explaining a typical example of the house A. Reference numeral 1 denotes a space behind a cabin, 2 denotes a living space, 3 denotes a space under the floor, 4 denotes a ventilation space, 5 denotes an airtight heat insulating layer, 6
Is a collector space, and 28 is a slab heating section. That is,
The back space 1, living space 2, and underfloor space 3 are three spaces divided by the inner wall 18, the ceiling 19, and the floor 20 inside the house A, and the back space 1 is a heat exchanger as described later.
A function of an air dam for stirring and dispersing the outside air taken in through 14 by the diffusion fan 16 and one of the paths for sending warm air to the living space 2 and the underfloor space 3.
One. In addition, the living space 2 is a space in which a resident performs daily life. A ventilation fan 15 is provided in at least one place in the living space 2. The ventilation fan 15 is connected to the heat exchanger 14 by a pipe 27. In the living space 2, the air containing humid air and the air containing humidity by the occupants' breathing and exhaust air from a heater such as a stove are passed through the heat exchanger 14. For discharging to the outside B via the The underfloor space 3 is a space divided by the living space 2 and the floor 20, and is a space that is communicated with the cabin space 1 through the ventilation space 4. Also,
The space behind the hut 1, the living space 2, and the under-floor space 3 are air-tight insulation layers 5.
Is the part surrounded by The hermetic heat-insulating layer 5 has at least a heat insulating property and a sealing property, and has a sound insulating property, a sound absorbing property, and a moisture proof property as a secondary material, such as a sheathing board, a sheathing insulation board, an ALC board, various synthetic resin boards, It is formed from a wood chip cement board, a glass wool board, or a composite board thereof. More specifically, the hermetic heat-insulating layer 5 forms the interior of the house A in a collector space including a group of the back hut space 1, the living space 2, and the underfloor space 3, and a roof collector space 7 and a wall collector space 8 as described later. 6 and is divided into two.
And it functions as a heat insulating layer. The collector space 6 includes a roof collector space 7 surrounded by a roof 21 and an airtight insulation layer 5, and a wall collector space 8 between the outer wall 22 and the airtight insulation layer 5. The roof collector space 7 and the wall collector space 8 It is continuous and collects solar heat mainly in winter and recovers heat leaking from the airtight heat-insulating layer 5. More specifically, the roof collector space 7 and the wall collector space 8 are divided into two layers, the inner layers 7b, 7c, 8b, 8c and the outer layers 7a, 7d, 8a, 8d, by the partition 10, respectively. In the base part of the space 8, the inner layer 8b and the outer layer 8a, and the inner layer 8c and the outer layer 8d are continuous, while the roof collector space 7 has
For example, the partition 10 is divided into two outer layers 7a and 7d such as the north side and the south side, and the south partition 10 is cut off in the vicinity of the ridge 9 to connect the inner layers 7b, 7c and the outer layer 7d to each other. Things. The outer layers 7a, 7d, 8a, and 8d are spaces mainly for collecting solar heat, and the inner layers 7b, 7c, 8b, and 8c collect heat leaking from the hermetic heat-insulating layer 5.
An air inlet 11 is provided at the top of the outer layer 7a of the roof collector space 7.
And a heat collection duct 12 is provided on the top of the outer layer 7d. The air supply port 11 is for supplying outside air to the collector space 6, and is preferably linked to the activation of the heat collection duct 12. Heat collection duct 12 is collector space 6
The air that has been heated inside and rises to the ridge 9 is collected and transferred to the distribution duct 13 in the underfloor space 3. The heat collecting duct 12 is, for example, a pipe having a square shape, an elliptical shape, a circular shape, or the like having a slit 12a in a pipe made of metal or plastic as shown in FIG. Fibrous materials such as glass fiber, plastic fiber, mineral fiber, metal fiber,
It is formed by forming a synthetic resin foam such as polyurethane foam or polyurea foam having an open cell structure, a porous ceramic, or the like into a pipe shape such as a ring shape, a square shape, a triangular shape, or a polygonal shape. 13 is a dispersion duct and a heat collection duct 12
Is connected by a pipe 24 via a fan 23 from
This is for dispersing the air heated in the collector space 6 to the underfloor space 3. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, a pipe made of metal or plastic is formed into an antenna shape, and each has a slit 13a of a square shape, an oval shape, a circular shape, or a heat collecting duct 12 as shown in FIG.
5 (a) and 5 (b) in which a fibrous material, a synthetic resin foam (open cell structure), a porous ceramic or the like is formed in a pipe shape as shown in FIG. . Reference numeral 14 denotes a heat exchanger, for example, having a structure as shown in FIG. 6, in which ducts 14a and 14b are connected to intake / exhaust ports 17 and pipes 25 and 26, and duct 14d is connected to a ventilation fan 15 and pipe 27 to form a duct. 14c is connected to the diffusion fan 16. That is, the heat exchanger 14 is ducted from the intake / exhaust port 17 through the pipe 26.
When the fresh air is taken in from 14a and the air is discharged from the duct 14c to the cabin 1 by the diffusion fan 16
This is for preventing the heat from being released by exchanging the heat of the warm air discharged from 14d to the outside B through the duct 14b. The diffusion fan 16 is used to diffuse the fresh air obtained through the heat exchanger 14 in the cabin back space 1 so as to make the temperature in the cabin back space 1 uniform. The soil heating unit 28 heats the inside of the underfloor space 3 and blocks moisture from entering the ground. As shown in FIG. 7, the soil heating section 28 is composed of a soil insulation layer 29, a concrete layer 30, and a heat medium pipe 33.
To further explain, the soil insulation layer 29 is a rigid plastic foam such as a polystyrene foam, a polyurethane foam, and a phenol foam, and the density of the closed-cell foamed structure has a compressive strength of about ³⁰ to 100 kg / m3, or
It is made of at least one of ALC board, wood chip cement board, wood wool cement board and the like, and has a thickness of about 10 to 100 mm.
The intersoil heat insulating layer 29 is for preventing the heat from being released to the ground when the intersoil heating is performed by passing the heat medium such as hot water into the heat medium pipe 33. The soil insulation layer
29 has a moisture-proof property when it is made of a rigid plastic foam having a closed-cell foam structure, and water from the ground is
Although it does not penetrate into the inside, when a wet material such as ALC board or wood wool cement board is used, as shown by the two-dot chain line, or between the soil insulation layer 29 and the concrete layer 30 (Fig. (Not shown), it is preferable to lay a moisture-proof sheet 34 thereon. The concrete layer 30 functions as a heat storage material and a heat dispersing material for the heat supplied from the heat medium pipe 33, and by burying the heat medium pipe 33, moisture is stored in the heat medium pipe 33 in the unlikely event that the concrete layer 30 is buried. This also helps to prevent the heat medium pipe 33 from bursting when it freezes. The concrete layer 30 is divided into a reinforced base concrete layer 31 and a soil concrete layer 32 for convenience.
The reinforced base concrete layer 31 mainly consists of heat medium pipes 33.
This is a layer for facilitating piping. This reinforcing base concrete layer 31 can be formed by driving concrete or using a PC board. The soil concrete layer 32 embeds the heat medium pipe 33 and functions as a heat radiating portion and a heat storing portion for uniformly warming the air in the underfloor space 3. The heat medium pipe 33 is, for example, a pipe as shown in FIGS. 8 (a) and 8 (b). It is preferred. The heat medium pipe 33 is made of a copper tube, a plastic tube, or the like, and performs soil heating by allowing a heat medium such as an antifreeze solution or a heat medium gas to pass therethrough.

Here, the flow of air will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 (a) and 2 (b). FIG. 2 (a) shows the flow in winter, and the air taken in from the outside B into the house A through the air intake / exhaust port 17 passes through the heat exchanger 14 and is diffused by the diffusion fan 16 so that the space 1 behind the cabin is removed. Spread to
Supplied. The air in the cabin back space 1 is supplied to the living space 2 via the ceiling 19 or from the ventilation space 4 to the living space 2 via the inner wall 18 or through the ventilation space 4 depending on the supply pressure from the heat exchanger 14. Move to the underfloor space 3 and move to the living space 2
The heat is released to the outside B through the heat exchanger 14 by the internal ventilation fan 15. Further, in the collector space 6, the air taken in from the air inlet 11 of the ridge portion 9 descends while collecting solar heat in the outer layer 7a of the roof collector space 7 and the outer layer 8a of the wall collector space 8 in relation to the pressure. This air moves to the inner layer 8b connected below the outer layer 8a, and moves to the ridge 9 through the inner layer 7b while collecting heat leaking from the airtight and heat-insulating layer 5. In the ridge part 9, the air heated by the heat collecting duct 12 is
3. Supply to the dispersion duct 13 via the pipe 24. At this time, a part of the air moves to the inner layer 7c of the roof collector space 7 and the inner layer 8c of the wall collector space 8, and moves to the ridge section 9 again through the outer layers 8d and 7d. The activation of the heat collection duct 12
This is performed based on the relationship between the temperature of the collector space 6 and the temperatures of the underfloor space 3 and the living space 2. The air released into the underfloor space 3 by the dispersion duct 13 is heated by the intersoil heating unit 28 , and is supplied to the living space 2 or the living space via the ventilation space 4 by the supply pressure of the dispersion duct 13 and the rising force due to the heating. 2 and is discharged to the outside B via the ventilation fan 15 and the heat exchanger 14. As described above, in the winter season, the heat generated in the house A can be minimized from flowing out to the outside B, and the ventilation is performed at the same time, and the whole house A is heated by the dirt heating unit 28 and the central heating is performed. be able to. The activation of the slab heating unit 28 is controlled by the temperatures of the living space 2 and the underfloor space 3, and the fan 23 is also controlled accordingly. In the summer, the path from the heat collecting duct 12 to the distribution duct 13 is closed, and the soil heating unit 28 is stopped. As shown in FIG.
By discharging the air in the living space 2 to the outside B through the ventilation fan 15 and the heat exchanger 14, ventilation is performed while preventing the hot air of the outside B from entering the house A.

What has been described above is merely an embodiment of the house A according to the present invention, and the air intake / exhaust port 17 can be provided in eaves or the like.
As shown by a dotted line in FIG. 1, a wife ventilation port 37 having an opening / closing mechanism is provided in the cabin back space 1 so that air in the cabin back space 1 can be discharged to the outside B in summer. Further, the heat exchanger 14 is arranged in the cabin back space 1 in the figure,
It is also possible to dispose it in a part of the wall or in the underfloor space 3. In the case where a material having a gap composed of a communication structure is used as the heat collection duct 12 and the dispersion duct 13,
It can also be formed as schematically shown in the sectional views in FIGS. That is, (a) is composed only of a main body 38 made of a material having a void of a communication organization,
(B) and (c) show the inner surface or outer surface of the subject 38,
Alternatively, both sides (not shown) are covered with a breathable sheet 39 to improve shape retention, and FIGS.
Is covered with a sheet-like material 39, and (d)
The figure shows a case in which a slit 40 is formed, and the figures (e) to (g) show a form in which a free end 41 is formed in a part of a sheet-like material 39;
The figure shows a part of the main body 38 exposed. In addition,
The sheet-like material 39 in FIGS. (D) to (h) may be either air-permeable or air-impermeable, but when the air-impermeable material is used in FIGS. 41 functions as a valve and is used only as the distribution duct 13. Furthermore, it is also possible to make the heat collection duct 12 continuous with the outside B with an opening / closing mechanism, and to discharge the air in the collector space 6 to the outside B in summer. As shown in FIG. 1, at least one of the ceiling 19, the inner wall 18, and the floor 20 has a built-in fan or a simple vent hole 42.
May be provided to facilitate the movement of air to the living space 2. In addition, a heat pump type or the like is used as the heat source 35, and a cold heat medium is
, It is also possible to use the earth heating unit 28 for cooling. Although not shown, a forced air blower such as a fan may be provided in the ventilation space 4, the pipes 24 to 27, and the collector space 6.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, according to the house according to the present invention, since the living space is also a single path of the air flow, ventilation can be performed even in winter. Since the intake and exhaust to and from the outside are performed through the heat exchanger or the collector space, heat does not flow in and out, and heating and cooling can be performed efficiently.
In winter, solar heat can be used by the wall collector space and the roof collector space, and the heat leaking from the hermetic heat-insulating layer can be recovered, so that the heating cost can be reduced. The whole house can be heated by the soil heating section and the flow of air. Moisture can be prevented from entering from the soil, and a durable house can be provided. Since the pressure in the back space and the underfloor space is higher than that in the living space, moisture and moisture generated in the living space do not leak to the back space of the hut, and the durability of the house can be improved. There are effects and features such as.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a typical example of a house according to the present invention,
2A and 2B are block diagrams illustrating the flow of air, FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of a heat collection duct, and FIG.
FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b) are explanatory diagrams showing examples of the distribution duct, FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the heat exchanger, FIGS. 7, 8 (a) and (b) Explanatory drawing explaining the slab heating section, ninth
(A)-(h) is explanatory drawing which shows the other examples of a structure of a heat collection duct and a dispersion duct. A: house, 1 ... hut back space, 2 ... living space, 3 ...
... underfloor space, 4 ... ventilation space, 5 ... airtight insulation layer, 6 ...
… Collector space, 7 …… roof collector space, 7a ……
Outer layer, 7b ... Inner layer, 7c ... Inner layer, 7d ... Outer layer, 8 ... Wall collector space, 8a ... Outer layer, 8b ... Inner layer, 8c ... Inner layer, 8d ... Outer layer, 9 ... 10 ... partition, 11 ... air supply port, 12 ... heat collecting duct, 13 ... dispersion duct, 14 ... heat exchanger, 15 ... ventilation fan, 17 ... intake and exhaust port, 18 ... inner wall,
22 ... outer wall, 23 ... fan, 24 ... pipe, 25 ... pipe, 26 ... pipe, 27 ... pipe, 28 ... soil heating section,
29 ... insulation layer between soil, 30 ... concrete layer, 33 ... pipe for heat medium.

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of front page (56) References JP-A-62-13935 (JP, A) JP-A-57-119063 (JP, A) JP-A-57-131948 (JP, A) JP-A-61-131948 213534 (JP, A) JP-A-61-213533 (JP, A)

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] An airtight heat insulating layer surrounds a space behind a hut, a living space, and a space under a floor.
A roof collector space 7 is formed between 21 and a wall collector space 8 is formed between the airtight insulation layer 5 and the outer wall 22, and the roof collector space 7 and the wall collector space 8 communicate with each other. 7, wall collector space 8
Are divided into two layers by a partition 10, and the inner layer 7b, 7c and the inner layer 8b, 8c on the side of the airtight insulation layer 5, the outer wall 22, the roof 21
Side outer layers 7a, 7d and inner layers 8a, 8d are formed, and the outer layer 8a and the inner layer 8b, the inner layer 8c and the outer layer 8d are continuous near the base of the wall collector space 8, and further, at the ridge 9, a roof 10 is formed by a partition 10. An outer layer 7a and an outer layer 7d of the collector space 7 are separated, an air supply port 11 is provided at the top of the outer layer 7a, a heat collection duct 12 is provided at a top of the outer layer 7d, and the airtight insulation layer 5 and the inner wall 18 are provided. A ventilation space 4 is formed between the underfloor space 3 and the cabin back space 1 for communication between the underfloor space 3 and a dispersion duct connected to the underfloor space 3 by a heat collecting duct 12 and a pipe 24 via a fan 23.
13, a ventilation fan 15 in the living space 2, a heat exchanger 14 in an arbitrary position inside the house A, and at least one intake / exhaust port 17 connecting the inside and the outside of the house A. And forming the inlet / outlet 17 and the heat exchanger 14 by pipes 25, 26,
The ventilation fan 15 and the heat exchanger 14 are connected by a pipe 27, and a concrete layer 30
And heat medium pipes in the concrete layer 30
A house having a slab heating section 28 in which a heat medium is passed through a heat medium pipe 33 in which a heat medium pipe 33 is embedded.