JPH10220810A - Housing - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve heating efficiency by chaning over with a flow passage changeover unit whether air passing through a heat exchanger is sent directly to a dispersion duct disposed in an underfloor space or the air is sent to the dispersion duct after passage through a solar heat collector. SOLUTION: Upon heating in the winter, air in the outside C is taken in as suction air a through a pipe 17, and is fed to a heat exchanger 11. After it is heat exchanged there with exhaust air β, it is sent to a flow passage changeover unit 12 through a pipe 18. The flow passage changeover unit 12 changes over a flow passage such that when T1 <T2 with T1 assumed to be detection temperature of a temperature sensor 15 and T2 assumed to be detection temperature of a temperature sensor 16, the suction air α is sent to a solar heat collector 13 to raise temperature, and then the air is sent to an underfloor space 3 from pipes 20, 21 through a dispersion duct 14. In contrast, when the detection temperature satisfies T1 >=T2 , the flow passage is changed over such that the suction air α is directly sent from the dispersion duct 14 to the underfloor space 3. A dwelling space 2 is heated with heat radiation of air in the underfloor space 3, an in-wall space 4, and a ceiling space 1 whereby gentle heating efficiency is ensured.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention makes effective use of the thermal energy of the sun in fine weather, and performs heat exchange between air supply and exhaust to supply air even in cloudy weather, thereby conserving energy. Central ventilation in the space, living space, and space inside the wall prevents condensation and long life of the building, and fresh air is always secured in the living space by appropriate ventilation, and throughout the building. The present invention relates to a house that is healthy and comfortable for a occupant due to an even temperature distribution.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a conventional house, air heated by solar heat is taken into a house and used for heating to save energy. For example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-48299 (Japanese Patent Application No. 61-31485) and Japanese Patent Publication No. Kaihei 7-3541
No. 9 (Japanese Patent Application No. 5-181541).

[0003]

[Problems to be solved by the invention]
No. 8299 transports the air heated by the solar heat collector provided on the roof under the floor and discharges it indoors later, but there is no idea to guide the indoor air to the outside. It was necessary to open the opening to exchange the air in order to prevent the dirty air generated by various activities such as from staying in the room, and ventilation and energy saving were not thorough. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-35419 discloses a method in which air heated by a heat collector provided on a roof is guided to the lower part of a building, introduced into a room, and air contaminated in the room is guided to the outside by a ventilation device. However, warm exhaust was not used and energy saving was not thorough. In addition, Japanese Patent Publication 3-48299
And JP-A-7-35419, there is no idea to prevent the dew condensation and extend the life of the building, and furthermore, it has a drawback that it does not function except in fine weather.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to eliminate such disadvantages, the present invention relates to a house having a space above the ceiling, a living space, and a space below the floor, wherein the space above the ceiling and the space below the floor are formed inside the space between the outer walls. Communication in the space, and the space above the ceiling, living space,
The underfloor space and the space inside the wall are surrounded by a heat insulation layer between the roof and the outer wall and between the soil, and solar heat collectors are placed on the roof, the outer wall, or outdoors, and at any place inside or outside the house. A heat exchanger and a flow switching device are provided, and a distribution duct is provided in the underfloor space. A heat exchanger, a heat exchanger and a flow switching device, a flow switching device and a distribution duct, and a flow switching device are provided. And the solar heat collector are connected by pipes, respectively, and it is possible to switch between air sent directly through the heat exchanger to the distribution duct by the flow path switch, or to send to the distribution duct after passing through the solar heat collector. By installing a heat storage layer and a heating device in the underfloor space according to the requirements, the heat energy of the sun can be used effectively in clear weather, and heat exchange between air supply and exhaust is performed by the heat exchanger even in cloudy weather Effective for energy saving and the length of the building Strive to life, and easy to keep the air in the living space to a comfortable temperature, but also to propose a healthy and comfortable houses for the residents in that you can also ensured adequate ventilation.

[0005]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A house according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a representative embodiment of the present invention, wherein 1 is a space above a ceiling, 2 is a living space, 3 is a space below a floor, 4 is a space inside a wall, and a ceiling 5, a floor 6, and an inner wall 7, respectively. Interior space of house A separated by
a, a heat insulating layer composed of a wall heat insulating layer 8b and a soil heat insulating layer 8c. The arrows indicate the movement of the intake air α, which is fresh air taken into the house A, and the movement of the exhaust air β, which is dirty warm air discharged through the house A.

The space 1 above the ceiling is a space between the heat insulating layer 8a and the ceiling 5, and in FIG. 1, the heat exchanger 11, the flow path switch 12, the collection duct 27, the ventilation port 31 and the like are stored. This is a space where the air rising in the inner space 4 reaches.

[0007] The living space 2 is a space surrounded by the ceiling 5, the floor 6, the inner wall 7, the opening 24 and the like and used for occupants' activities.
5 and a ventilation opening 26 near the center of the house A on the ceiling 5.
And an exhaust port 30 is provided at an arbitrary position on the ceiling 5.

[0008] The underfloor space 3 is a space between the intersoil insulation layer 8c and the floor 6, and houses a dispersion duct 14 and is taken in from the outside C and passes through the heat exchanger 11 or the heat exchanger 11 and the solar heat collector 13. This is a space in which the heated air absorption α is dispersed.

The space 4 in the wall is a space between the wall heat insulating layer 8b and the inner wall 7, and connects the space 1 above the ceiling and the space 3 under the floor, and a space in which air flows due to a difference in air pressure between the spaces, natural convection, and the like. In addition, the skeleton, groundwork, and the like of the house A are always dried and long-lasting, and dew condensation is prevented to suppress the occurrence of mites and mold.

The warm air circulates in the space above the ceiling 1, the space below the floor 3, and the space 4 inside the wall, so that the interior of the living space 2 is gently warmed by heat radiation through the ceiling 5, the floor 6, and the inner wall 7, respectively. In addition, since there is almost no temperature difference between the upper and lower parts, comfort of the living can be improved.

Reference numeral 8 denotes a heat insulating layer which blocks at least heat from the inside of the house A and the outside of the house C, and has a soundproofing property, an airtightness and a fireproofing property. More specifically, the heat insulating layer 8 includes a ceiling heat insulating layer 8a, a wall heat insulating layer 8b, and a soil heat insulating layer 8c, each of which is a board-shaped, mat-shaped, sheet-shaped, or integrated with a roof material and an outer wall material. The space above the ceiling 1, the living space 2, the underfloor space 3, and the in-wall space 4 are completely surrounded.

Examples of the former are polystyrene boards,
Polyurethane board, polyisocyanurate foam board, sheathing board, sheathing insulation board, wood chip cement board, wood wool cement board, glass wool mat, etc., or a composite board thereof, etc. The roof, metal panels, tiles, ceramic panels, AL
An outer wall is formed by disposing a C plate, mortar, and the like. In addition, by spraying a heat insulating material made of a synthetic resin foam from the back surface to which the board-shaped, mat-shaped, or sheet-shaped heat insulating material is attached, even a small gap can be completely closed, and the heat insulating property can be further improved.

Examples of the latter include a panel in which a surface material, a heat insulating core material and, if necessary, a back material are integrally formed,
C exterior panels, wood chip cement panels, wood wool cement panels, etc., which are arranged on a main body such as a main pillar, a stud, etc., to form a ceiling heat insulating layer 8a, a wall heat insulating layer 8b, and a soil heat insulating layer 8c.
Is formed. By laying the moisture-proof sheet 36 on the entire lower surface of the soil insulation layer 8c, the soil insulation layer 8c is formed.
This is to prevent deterioration of c due to moisture from the ground.

The heat exchanger 11 is disposed in the space 1 above the ceiling.
The intake air α from the pipe 17 to the pipe 18 and the pipe 2
Heat exchange between the exhaust air β from 2 to the pipe 23,
The temperature of the air intake α is raised, and a heat exchange type ventilation fan with a fan can be used if necessary.

The flow path switching device 12 is disposed in the space 1 above the ceiling and switches the flow path of the air intake α.
The flow is switched between directing the air intake α flowing inside the pipe 8 to the distribution duct 14 by flowing through the pipe 21 or flowing through the pipe 19 to the solar heat collector 13 to reach the distribution duct via the pipes 20 and 21. is there.

The flow path switching unit 12 senses the temperature of the intake air α and the temperature in the solar heat collector 13 by a temperature sensor 15 attached to a pipe 18 and a temperature sensor 16 attached to a solar heat collector 13. Solar heat collector 1
By selecting and switching the flow path of the air absorption α depending on whether or not the temperature of the air absorption α can be increased by sending the air absorption α to 3, the solar heat is more effectively utilized.

That is, assuming that the temperatures detected by the temperature sensor 15 and the temperature sensor 16 are T ₁ and T ₂ , respectively, if T ₁ <T ₂ , as shown in FIG. , A flow path is set in the flow path switch 12 so as to connect the pipes 20 and 21 respectively,
After the air absorption α is sent to the solar heat collector 13 to further increase the temperature, the air is sent to the distribution duct 14 through the pipes 20 and 21 to reach the underfloor space 3.

The temperature sensor 15 and the temperature sensor 1
When the temperature sensed at 6 is T ₁ ≧ T ₂ , as shown in FIG. 2B, a flow path is set in the flow path switch 12 so as to connect the pipes 18 and 21 respectively, Air absorption α
Is sent directly to the dispersion duct 14 to reach the underfloor space 3. In addition, the flow path switching device 12 is configured as shown in FIG.
Any configuration can be used as long as the flow path can be switched as shown in FIG.
It is preferable that the switching be automatically performed according to the temperature sensed in step (1).

The solar heat collector 13 is mounted on the roof 10 facing the south side, and is connected to the pipes 19 and 20. When the surface receives sunlight, the temperature of the air sent into the inside is reduced. It has the function of raising.

The solar heat collector 13 may be used in combination with a device for obtaining hot water by a known method. The solar heat collector 13 may be attached to the surface of the outer wall 9 or an arbitrary outside (not shown). It is also possible to provide a ventilation layer between the outer wall 9 and the surface material of the outer wall 9 and the wall heat insulating layer 8b to function as the solar heat collector 13.

The dispersion duct 14 is disposed in the underfloor space 3,
It is connected to the flow path switching device 12 by a pipe 21,
This is where the warmed air intake α is dispersed in the underfloor space.
A fan and a heating device can be installed as needed.

Although not shown, the pipes 17 to 23 are surrounded by a heat insulating material around the hollow, and have a small temperature change during the movement of air.

In addition, an openable / closable air inlet 29 near the foundation 28 of the wall heat insulating layer 8b, an openable / closable air outlet 30 at an arbitrary position on the ceiling 5, and an optional position within the space 1 above the ceiling as needed. An openable / closable ventilation port 31 is provided with a ventilation fan, so that a flow path of air in the house A in summer can be secured.

The heating device disposed in the underfloor space 3 may be any device that warms the air dispersed in the underfloor space 3 from the distribution duct 14 or the air in the underfloor space 3.
For example, as shown in FIG. 3, a soil heating device B is formed on the soil insulation layer 8c of the house A shown in FIG.
That is, as shown in the enlarged partial cross-sectional view of FIG. 4 (a) and the plan view of FIG. 4 (b), the slab heating device B includes a pipe 32 which serves as a flow path of a heat medium γ made of, for example, antifreeze and also serves as a heat radiator. , A heat storage layer 33 for concealing the pipe 32, a boiler 34 for heating the heat medium γ, and a connection pipe 35 for connecting the pipe 32 and the boiler 34.

The pipe 32 is disposed above the interstitial heat insulating layer 8c, in which a heat medium γ circulates and is buried in concrete having heat storage properties and also serving as the heat storage layer 33. The heating effect is maintained even after the entire house A is heated from the underfloor space 3 by the heat radiation and the boiler 34 is stopped by storing heat in the heat storage layer 33. In addition, as a heat source of the boiler 34, one or more of solar, geothermal, and the like is used in addition to gas, oil, and electricity.

Next, the flow of air in the embodiment of the house according to the present invention shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 will be described with reference to FIGS. First, the flow of air in winter will be described with reference to FIG. First, the air of the external C is taken in from the pipe 17 as air absorption α and sent to the heat exchanger 12. Air absorption α
Is exchanged with the exhaust air β by the heat exchanger 12 and then sent to the flow path switch 12 by the pipe 18.

In the case where T ₁ (the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 15) <T ₂ (the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 16) in the flow path switching device 12, as shown in FIG.
2, a flow path is set, and the absorbed air α is supplied to the solar heat collector 13.
To raise the temperature further, pipes 20, 21
To the dispersion duct 14 to reach the underfloor space 3. When the temperature sensed by the temperature sensors 15 and 16 is T ₁ ≧ T _2, a flow path is set in the flow path switch 12 as shown in FIG. It is sent to the duct 14 to reach the underfloor space 3.

The air-absorbed air α dispersed in the underfloor space 3 is lightened by being heated in the case of the house A having the floor heating device B, and is reduced by the pressure difference and natural convection in the case of not having the floor heating device B. The inner space 4 is ascended. In addition, at least a part of the air that rises in the space 4 inside the wall is the space 1
And is sent to the pipe 22 in the collection duct 27,
Other air is supplied to an air supply port 25 provided below the opening 24.
From the ventilation space 26 around the living space 2 and sent to the pipe 22.

By providing the air supply port 25 below the window, cold flash can be prevented, and by arranging the air supply port 25 and the ventilation port 26 diagonally in the living space 2, Not only can air be evenly ventilated, but also the sound from another living space 4 can be heard through the air supply port 25 by arranging the air supply ports 25 in each living space 2 at separate positions in the house A. And the ventilation opening 26 is house A
Is concentrated near the center of the pipe, so that the pipe of the pipe 22 becomes easy. In addition, a fan may be provided in the ventilation port 26 and the collection duct 27 as necessary, and the ratio of the air reaching the space 1 above the ceiling and the living space 2 may be adjusted while sucking the air.

Further, the living space 2 is heated by heat radiation through the ceiling 5, the floor 6, and the inner wall 7 by the air in the underfloor space 3, the in-wall space 4, and the under-the-ceiling space 1, so that there is no difference between the upper and lower spaces. It can provide a gentle heating effect, dew condensation,
It is also effective in preventing the generation of mold, indoor furniture, furniture,
The durability of daily necessities is also improved.

The exhaust air β that has been contaminated and warmed through the living space 2 passes through the heat exchanger 1 through the pipe 22 from the ventilation port 26.
1, heat is given to the air intake α introduced from the outside C to effectively use the heat generated inside the house, and then discharged to the outside C.

Next, the flow of air in summer will be described with reference to FIG. The air taken in from outside C through the air inlet 29 flows from the underfloor space 3 to the in-wall space 4 and reaches the space 1 above the ceiling, but a part of the air flows from the air supply port 25 through the living space 2 to the space above the ceiling 30 from the air outlet 30. It reaches space 1. The air that has flowed into the cabin back space 1 is ventilated 31 with a fan as necessary.
Is discharged together with the hot air in the house A.

By taking in the air from the outside from the vicinity of the foundation 28 and going around the house A through the underfloor space 3,
Effectively utilizing cold air, releasing the hot air staying in the house A to the outside to make the temperature comfortable, and always keeping the air in the living space 2 fresh by ventilating and improving livability It is.

What has been described above relates to one representative configuration of the present invention, and the configuration shown in FIGS. That is, FIG. 7 shows that the distance between the ceiling 5 and the ceiling insulation layer 8a is reduced,
This is an example in which a cabin back space 37 is provided between the space A and the space A. By narrowing the space 1 behind the ceiling, the amount of heat required by the air circulating in the house A is reduced, and further energy saving is achieved. The space 37 is connected to the heat exchanger 11 and the flow path switch 1
2. A space for storing the ventilation port 31 and the like. In addition, a ventilation port 38 may be separately provided in the space 1 above the ceiling to prepare for summer ventilation.

FIG. 8 shows a ventilation layer 39 communicating between the outer wall 9 and the wall insulation layer 8b, and the roof 10 and the ceiling insulation layer 8a.
FIG. 9 shows an example in which the ventilation layer 41 is provided at the top of the ventilation layer 40, and FIG. 9 shows an example in which the ventilation layer 39 and the back space 37 are communicated with each other. Prevention, particularly in the summer season, is effective in making the interior of the house A comfortable by discharging hot air from the ventilation port 31.

FIGS. 10 and 11 show that a heat collecting space 43 is formed between the roof base 42 of the roof 10 formed so as to face the south side greatly, and pipes 19 and 19 at the lower end and the upper end of the heat collecting space 43, respectively. This is an example in which the pipe 20 is connected, and the entire roof 10 is effectively used as the solar heat collector 13, which does not impair the beauty of the house A. The lower and upper ends of the heat collecting space 43 are openable and closable air inlets. By providing the exhaust port 44 and the exhaust port 45 and opening them in summer, the hot air in the heat collecting space 43 can be released to the outside, and the temperature inside the house A can be prevented from rising. FIG. 10 shows an example in which the ceiling heat insulating layer 8a is brought into close contact with the roof base 42 and the ceiling 5 is positioned high, so that the living space 2 can be widely secured. FIG. This is an example in which the flow path switch 12 and the ventilation port 31 are stored.

[0037]

As described above, according to the house of the present invention, whether the air that has passed through the heat exchanger by the flow path switch is directly sent to the distribution duct, or sent to the distribution duct after passing through the solar heat collector. By making the switching possible, solar energy can be used effectively and heating efficiency can be improved. If a heat storage layer and a heating device are arranged in the underfloor space, a sufficient heating effect can be obtained even in cloudy weather. Even in cloudy weather, heat exchange between air supply and exhaust is performed by the heat exchanger, which is effective for energy saving. Since there is no condensation, a long service life of the skeleton can be achieved. It is easy to keep the air in the living space at a comfortable temperature, and sufficient ventilation can be ensured, making the house healthy and comfortable for the residents. Open the air intake near the foundation,
Activating the ventilation openings in the space above the ceiling makes the house comfortable even in summer. There are features and effects such as.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a typical example of a house according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view schematically showing a flow path switching device used in the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a typical example of a house according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of a soil heating section in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing an air flow path in winter.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing an air flow path in summer.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing another example of a house according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing another example of a house according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing another example of a house according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing another example of a house according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing another example of a house according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 A House B Soil heating device C External α Inhaled air β Exhaust air γ Heat medium 1 Under the ceiling 2 Living space 3 Underfloor space 4 Wall space 5 Ceiling 6 Floor 7 Inner wall 8 Heat insulation layer 8a Ceiling heat insulation layer 8b Wall heat insulation layer 8c Soil space Insulation layer 9 Outer wall 10 Roof 11 Heat exchanger 12 Channel switch 13 Solar heat collector 14 Distribution duct 15 Temperature sensor 16 Temperature sensor 17 Pipe 18 Pipe 19 Pipe 20 Pipe 21 Pipe 22 Pipe 23 Pipe 24 Opening 25 Air supply port 26 Ventilation port 27 Collection duct 28 Foundation 29 Intake port 30 Exhaust port 31 Ventilation port 32 Pipe 33 Thermal storage layer 34 Boiler 35 Connection pipe 36 Moisture proof sheet 37 Back space of hut 38 Ventilation port 39 Ventilation layer 40 Ventilation layer 41 Ventilation port 42 Roof base 43 Collection Thermal space 44 Inlet 45 Exhaust

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. An under-the-ceiling space, a living space, and a under-floor space, and the under-the-ceiling space and the under-floor space are communicated with each other by a space in the wall between the inner and outer walls. Insulating the interior of the wall with a thermal insulation layer between the roof and the outer wall, and between the soil, and installing a solar collector on the roof, the outer wall, or outside, and exchanging heat anywhere inside or outside the house. A heat exchanger and a heat exchanger, a heat exchanger and a flow switch,
The flow path switcher and the dispersion duct, the flow path switcher and the solar heat collector are connected by pipes respectively, and the air that has passed through the heat exchanger is directly sent to the distribution duct by the flow path switcher, or after passing through the solar heat collector. A house characterized in that it is possible to switch between sending to a distribution duct. 2. The house according to claim 1, wherein a heating device is provided in the underfloor space.