JPH01179832A - House - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve a dwelling characteristic and a durability of a house having a function of ventilation for a dwelling space and a ground heating as well as using an air cycle by a method wherein a ventilation with less loss of heat is carried out and a solar heat is collected from outer walls and a roof. CONSTITUTION:A garret space 1, a dwelling space 2 and an under-floor space 3 of a house A are closed by an air-tight thermal insulation layer 4 and at the same time a wall collector space 6 is formed between the thermal insulation layer 4 and outer walls 5. This space 6 and the roof collector space 8 are communicated to each other to form an aeration space 10 between the thermal insulation layer 4 and inner walls 9. A space 1 and a space 2 are communicated through air supplying ports 14. A side ventilation duct 16 is arranged in the space 1, a thermal collecting duct 17 is installed in the space 8, a dispersion duct 18 is arranged in the space 3, and a ventilation fan 15 is provided in the space 2. A heat exchanger 12 is arranged at a proper position and a suction or discharging port 11 for use in communicating the inside part of the house with the outside part of the house is formed. A ground heating part 27 at the under-floor space 3 is formed by piling up a thermal insulation layer 28, a reinforcing base concrete layer 29, a hot water piping 30 and a ground concrete layer 31 in this order.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to a house using a so-called air cycle, which utilizes air flow. More specifically, the present invention relates to a house that has low heat loss, has a ventilation function for a living space, and has an earthen floor heating system.

[Prior Art] Houses with this type of structure communicate the underfloor space and the attic space through the wall space, and these spaces are ventilated naturally or by forced air circulation.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

However, in conventional air cycle houses that utilize natural ventilation, when only a limited room is heated, such as in the winter, the air cycle of the entire house is not performed. This is because if only one room in the house is used, the internal walls and ceiling of the house, as well as the shoji screens on the hallway side, etc., are humidified, and the temperature only increases in the interior space of this part.
It can be the driving force that causes the air cycle of the entire house.
There was a drawback that when the increased temperature reached a certain height on the wall surface, it was lowered by other cold air and water condensed at that position. Of course, the stove etc. are on the floor, so
The air cycle space near this area immediately condenses due to contact with the low temperature and high humidity heated air from the underfloor space.
It had the disadvantage of accelerating corrosion of the base and the insulation material (glass wool becoming a wet rag). Furthermore, both air cycle houses with natural ventilation and air cycle houses with forced ventilation do not have a structure to take air into the indoor space, nor do they have a structure that allows air to be completely distributed in the air cycle space.

[Means to solve the problem]

In order to eliminate these drawbacks, the present invention provides ventilation with less heat loss by making the living space part of the air cycle path, and also reduces energy consumption in winter by collecting solar heat on the outer walls and roof. In addition, by making the earthen floor heating structure in the underfloor space, and by performing intake and exhaust through a heat exchanger,
This project proposes a house that prevents heat from flowing inside the house and improves the livability and durability of the house.

〔Example〕

An embodiment of a house according to the present invention will be described in detail below using the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a typical example of the above-mentioned house, where 1 is an attic space, 2 is a living space,
3 is an underfloor space, 4 is an airtight insulation layer, 6 is a wall collector space, 8 is a roof collector space, 10 is a ventilation space, 11 is an intake/exhaust port, 12 is a heat exchanger, 14 is an air supply port, 15 is a ventilation fan, 16 is a gable ventilation duct, 17 is a heat collection duct, 18 is a distribution duct, 19 is a fan, 20 to 24 are pipes, and each is an earthen floor heating section.

That is, the attic space 1, the living space 2, and the underfloor space 3 are three spaces inside the house A divided by the inner wall 9, the ceiling 25, and the floor 26, and the attic space 1 is equipped with a heat exchanger as described later. It has an air dam function to stir and mix the outside air taken in through the diffusion fam 12 with the existing warm air by the diffusion fam 3, and is one of the channels for sending warm air to the living space 2 and the wall collector space 6. be. Furthermore, the living space 2 is a space where the residents live their daily lives, and is connected to the attic space 1 through an air supply port 14.

This air supply port 14 is a passage for sending the air in the attic space 1 to the living space 2, and may be a simple thank-you note or one with a forced air fan. Further, a ventilation fan 15 is provided at at least one location in the living space 2. This ventilation fan 15 is connected to the heat exchanger 12 by a vibrator 22, and the heat exchanger collects dirty air and humid air caused by the breathing of the occupants and exhaust from heaters such as stoves in the living space 2. It is for discharging to the outside via 12. The underfloor space 3 is a space divided by the living space 2 and the floor 26, and is communicated with the attic space 1 via the ventilation space 10. In addition, attic space 1, living space 2
, the underfloor space 3 is a portion surrounded by an airtight heat insulating layer 4. This airtight insulation N4 is made of a material that has both heat insulation and sealing properties, and secondarily has sound insulation properties, sound absorption properties, and moisture proof properties.
For example, it is formed from a sheathing board, a sheathing insulation board, an ALC board, various synthetic resin boards, a wood cement board, a glass wool board, or a composite board thereof. To explain further, the airtight insulation layer 4 divides the inside of the house A into two groups: an attic space 1, a living space 2, and an underfloor space 3, and a wall collector space 6 and a roof collector space 8. This prevents air and heat from flowing between groups. The wall collector space 6 is a space surrounded by the outer wall 5 and the airtight insulation layer 4, and the roof collector space 8 is the space between the roof 7 and the airtight insulation layer 4. The wall collector space 6 and the roof collector space 8 are continuous, and are areas where solar heat is collected via the outer wall 5 and the roof 7. To explain further, the lower part (near the foundation) of the wall collector space 6 is connected by a pipe 23 to the gable ventilation duct 16 arranged in the attic space 1, and the air in the attic space 1 is directly supplied to the wall collector. It is supplied to the space 6. This supplied air is heated by solar heat through the outer wall 5 in the wall collector space 6 and through the roof 7 in the roof collector space 8, and is heated by the heat collecting duct 17 arranged near the ridge of the roof collector space 8. It is collected and transported to the underfloor space 3 through a pipe 24 via a fan 19. That is, the wall collector space 6 and the roof collector space 8 are used to collect solar heat in winter and use it for heating the house A.

Note that the heat collection duct 17 and the fan 19 operate only when the temperature of the air in the roof collector space 8 exceeds the temperature in at least one of the attic space 1, the living space 2, and the underfloor space 3. be. The distribution duct 18 is the underfloor space 3
The heat collection duct 17, fan 1
9 by a pipe 24, and is used to disperse air warmed by the wall collector space 6 and the roof collector space 8 into the underfloor space 3. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the shape is a pipe made of metal or plastic formed into an antenna shape, each having a slit 18a in a rectangular shape, an oval shape, a circular shape, etc., or a pipe made of a continuous structure. Materials with voids such as glass fibers, plastic fibers, mineral fibers, metal fibers, and other fibrous materials, open-cell polyurethane foams, polyurea foams and other synthetic resin foams, porous ceramics, etc. can be made into ring-shaped or square cross-sections. For example, pipe-shaped pipes having a triangular or polygonal shape are arranged as shown in FIGS. 4(a) and 4(b). The ventilation space 10 is a space formed between the inner wall 9 and the airtight heat insulating layer 4, and is continuous with the underfloor space 3 at the lower part and the attic space 1 at the upper part. This ventilation space 10 is for removing cold air near the inner wall 9 of the living space 2 by moving the warm air dispersed in the underfloor space 3 to the attic space 1. The heat exchanger 12 has a structure, for example, as shown in FIG. is connected to a diffusion fan 13. That is, the heat exchanger 12 takes in fresh air from the duct 12a through the intake/exhaust port 11 and the pipe 20, and when releasing air into the attic space 1 from the duct 12c by the diffusion fan 13, it passes through the duct 12b from the duct 12d. This is to prevent heat release by exchanging heat from warm air discharged to the outside. Note that the diffusion fan 13 is for uniformizing the temperature in the attic space 1 by diffusing fresh air obtained through the heat exchanger 12 in the attic space 1. The earthen floor heating section H heats the inside of the underfloor space 3, and heats the living space 2 through the floor 26 and inner wall 9. As shown in FIG. 6, the earthen floor heating section is composed of a heat insulating layer 28, a reinforced heat concrete layer 29, a hot water pipe 30, and an earthen concrete layer 31. To explain further, the heat insulating layer 28 is mainly made of at least one type of material having a compressive strength and has a closed cell foam structure such as a hard plastic foam, for example, polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, or phenol foam, and has a thickness of 10 to 100 ml. 10
Approximately 0mm, density 30-100kg/n? That's about it.

The reinforced base concrete layer 29 is inside the hot water pipe 30,
This is to prevent the hot water pipe 30 from bursting when water accumulates and freezes by sandwiching it with the earthen concrete layer 31, and to facilitate the piping of the hot water pipe 30. Further, the hot water pipe 30 is arranged, for example, as shown in FIG. 7, and has a structure in which the area from the heat source 32 to the entrance on the reinforced base concrete layer 29 is covered with a heat insulating layer 30a. The dirt floor concrete layer 31 is the reinforced base concrete layer 29
The hot water pipe 30 installed above is buried, and functions as a heat storage layer, a hot water pipe reinforcing layer, and a waterproof and moisture-proof layer.

Here, the flow of air will be explained using FIGS. 1 and 2. First, to explain the winter season, as shown in FIG.
It is expanded into the attic space 1 and supplied. The pressure inside the attic space 1 increases due to the air supplied from the heat exchanger 12, and this pressure causes the air to enter the living space 2 through the air supply port 14.

The air in the living space 2 is dispersed between the rooms, is finally carried to the heat exchanger 12 via the ventilation fan 15, and is discharged to the outside from the air intake and exhaust ports 11 through the pipe 21. The air in the attic space 1 is led from the gable ventilation duct through the pipe 23 to the lower part of the wall collector space 6. In the wall collector space 6, it is warmed by solar heat through the outer wall 5, rises, and moves to the roof collector space 8. In the roof collector space 8, the solar heat is heated through the roof 7 and transferred to the heat collection ducts 1 to 17 provided in the ridge. This warmed air is carried by the heat collecting duct I/17 via the fan 19 through the pipe 24 to the distribution duct 18 arranged in the underfloor space 3, and is uniformly distributed within the underfloor space 3. Underfloor space 3
In this case, the air is heated by the earthen floor heating section υ-, which warms the living space 2 through the floor 26, and moves to the ventilation space 10 due to the pressure of the air discharged from the distribution duct 1-18 and the properties of the warm air. , ascends through the aerator space 10 and moves to the attic space 1. The air that has moved into the attic space 1 moves to the living space 2 or to the wall collector space 6 as described above. In this way, in the winter season, the house A can minimize the outflow of heat generated in the house A to the outside, and can also provide ventilation at the same time. Also, in the summer, especially if outside B is hotter than inside house A, the heat collection duct 17
By stopping the fan 19 on the way from the distribution duct 18 to the wall collector space 6 and the roof collector space 8
By stopping the flow of air and using these as a heat insulating layer, it is possible to eliminate the flow of heat from inside and outside the house, and to efficiently cool the house. Also, external B
When the temperature in the house A becomes lower than that in the house A, the air can be circulated and the roof collector space 8 and the wall collector space 6 can be used as a heat dissipation layer as shown in FIG.

What has been described above is only one embodiment of the present invention applied to a house, and as shown by the dotted line in FIG.
7 and the distribution duct 18 can also be used as a radiator 33 in the living space 2. Further, although the intake and exhaust ports 11 are formed near the base in FIG. 1, they can also be provided near the roof 7 such as the eaves. Furthermore, although the heat exchanger 12 is arranged in the attic space 1 in the figure, it can also be arranged in a part of the wall or in the underfloor space 3. In addition, when the dispersion duct 18 is made of a material having voids made of a continuous structure, as shown in FIG.
) to (l) can be formed as schematically shown using the cross-sectional views. That is, (a) shows a dispersion duct 18 consisting only of a main body 18b made of a material having voids in a continuous structure, and (b) and (C) show an inner surface, an outer surface, or both sides (not shown) of the main body 18b. The dispersion duct 18 is coated with a breathable sheet 18c to improve shape retention. Figures (d) to (h) show the outer surface of the main body 18b covered with a sheet-like material 18d. cl) The figure shows dispersion ducts 1-18, (e) to (g) with slits I/18e formed.
) The figure shows a dispersion duct 1 day in which a free end 1.8F is formed on a part of a sheet-like material 18d, and the figure (h) shows a dispersion duct 18 with a part of the main body 1.8b exposed.

Note that the sheet-like material 18d in the figures (d) to (h) may be either breathable or impermeable;
If an impermeable material is used, the slit 18
e, the free end 18f functions as a valve, and the distribution duct 1
This is preferable since it is a one-way flow that only releases the air inside the air chamber 8 to the outside. Further, the hot water pipe 30 can also be arranged as shown in FIG. In addition, although not shown in the figure, sand, gravel, cobblestone, lime,
It is also possible to lay rice husks, large stones, charcoal, etc. and have them function as heat storage materials. Furthermore, as shown by the two-dot chain line in FIG. 6, a moisture-proof sheet 34 can be laid down, and the heat insulating layer 28 can be laid down thereon. In addition, an opening with a lid function is provided in the dirt floor part of the outer wall 5, and it is closed in the winter and opened in the summer, and the heat collection duct 17 is connected to the outside B.
It is also possible to create a continuous air flow as shown in FIG. 10. In other words, there are two air flows in house A, one is outside B - heat exchanger 12 - attic space 1.
- Living space 2 - Heat exchanger 12 - External B, and the other external B - Wall collector space 6 → Roof collector space 8 -
It can also be external B. It is also possible to use a heat pump type heat source as the heat source 32 and to flow cold water into the hot water pipe 30 during the summer.

[Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the house according to the present invention, ■ All intake and exhaust from the outside is performed through a heat exchanger, so there is no heat input or output, and heating and cooling can be performed efficiently. It can be carried out.

■During the winter, solar heat can be utilized in the wall collector space and roof collector space, reducing heating costs. ■During the summer, the wall collector space and roof collector space can function as a heat insulating layer along with the airtight heat insulating layer. ■You can also ventilate the living space at the same time. ■During the winter, the earthen floor heating system removes cold air near the floor and interior walls of the living space, improving livability. ■It can prevent moisture from being directly supplied from the ground to the space under the floor, suppressing the occurrence of condensation.

It has the following characteristics and effects.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a typical example of a house according to the present invention;
Figure 2 is a block diagram explaining the flow of air, Figures 3, 4 (a) and (b) are explanatory diagrams showing an example of a distribution duct, and Figure 5 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a heat exchanger. , Figures 6 and 7 are explanatory diagrams explaining the earthen floor heating section, Figures 8 (a) to (h),
FIGS. 9 and 10 are explanatory diagrams showing other embodiments. A...House, 1...Attic space, 2...Living space, 3...Underfloor space, 4...Airtight insulation layer, 6...Wall collector space, 8...Roof collector space, 10・
... Ventilation space, 12... Heat exchanger, 15... Ventilation fan, υ... Earthen floor heating section, 28... Heat insulation layer, 29...
Reinforced base concrete layer, 30...Hot water pipe, 3
1...Earth floor concrete layer. Patent Applicant IG Technology Institute Co., Ltd. Figure 1 First rr, h'L Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 1-Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 5 Underline Figure 9 Figure 8 (back) 'tr) (C) (ν
(Ln, +B, +Ill Figure 9 1Q rXJ [

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) Close the attic space, living space, and underfloor space with an airtight insulation layer, form a wall collector space between the airtight insulation layer and the outer wall, and create a roof collector space between the airtight insulation layer and the roof. A ventilation space is formed between the airtight heat insulating layer and the inner wall to communicate the underfloor space and the attic space, and the attic space is connected to the attic space. The space is connected to the living space by an air supply vent, and a gable ventilation duct is installed in the attic space, a heat collection duct is installed in the roof collector space, a distribution duct is installed in the underfloor space, and a ventilation fan is installed in the living space. , a heat exchanger is arranged at an arbitrary position inside the house, and at least one intake/exhaust port is formed to connect the inside and outside of the house, the intake/exhaust port and the heat exchanger, a heat collection duct and a distribution duct,
The gable ventilation duct and the lower part of the wall collector space, the ventilation fan, and the heat exchanger are connected by pipes, and the earthen floor in the underfloor space is covered with a heat insulating layer made of hard plastic foam, a reinforced concrete base layer, hot water pipes, etc. A house characterized by being integrally formed by laminating concrete layers with an earthen floor in which hot water pipes are buried in concrete.