JP2023075130A - 減少した酸価を有する炭化水素組成物の製造方法および短鎖脂肪酸の単離方法 - Google Patents
減少した酸価を有する炭化水素組成物の製造方法および短鎖脂肪酸の単離方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003738 xylenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2016年7月25日出願の米国仮特許出願第62/366,278号に基づく優先権を主張する。本出願は、その全ての教示に関して、全体として参照によって本明細書に組み込まれる。
(a)脂肪酸資源を加熱して、炭化水素および少なくとも1種の短鎖遊離脂肪酸を含んでなる第1の組成物を製造すること;ならびに
(b)短鎖遊離脂肪酸を第1の組成物から除去して、ASTM D974によって測定した場合に0.1未満の酸価を有する最終炭化水素組成物を製造すること
を含んでなる方法に関する。
(a)反応器中で遊離脂肪酸を加熱して、炭化水素および少なくとも1種の短鎖遊離脂肪酸を含んでなる第1の組成物を製造し;
(b)吸着剤を含んでなるカラム中に第1の組成物を導入し、そこで、短鎖遊離脂肪酸を第1の組成物から除去して、ASTM D974によって測定した場合に0.02未満の酸価を有する最終炭化水素組成物を製造し;
(c)短鎖遊離脂肪酸を吸着剤から除去し;
(d)ステップ(a)の反応器中に短鎖遊離脂肪酸を導入し、そして短鎖遊離脂肪酸を加熱して、第2の炭化水素組成物および少なくとも1種の第2の短鎖遊離脂肪酸を製造するが、
ステップ(a)~(d)は連続的に実行される。
収着剤を保持するためにガラスウールが詰められたガラスカラム中に、約20gの活性化シリカゲル(150℃で一晩加熱)またはPSAシリカを移した。カラムの充てんは、カラム中のシリカゲルの高さが不変になるまで、カラムを穏やかに数回軽くたたくことによって補助した。50mLの熱分解生成物をカラムに添加し、重力溶出させた。溶出した熱分解生成物のアリコートを回収した。目に見える熱分解生成物層がカラム中で収着剤上に観察されなくなったら、圧縮空気を使用して、可能な限り多くの残留液体を排出させた。
約100mLのHPLCグレードメタノール(Fisher Scientific,Fair Lawn,NJ,USA)をカラム中の収着剤に添加し、そして目に見える溶媒層が収着剤について観察されなくなるまで、丸底フラスコ中に重力溶出させた。次いで、圧縮空気を使用して、可能な限り多くの残留溶媒を排出させた。減圧下でrotovapによってメタノールを除去して、酸を回収した。
臨界超過流体抽出器は、Swagelok(登録商標)菅および取付具から内部で構築された。抽出からの使用済み樹脂は、装置の樹脂貯留槽に入り、そしてガラスウールを使用して端部をふさいだ。ドライアイスおよび/または液体CO2を装置のCO2貯留槽に入れて、次いで、密閉した。温度および圧力が臨界点(それぞれ、31℃および1100psi)上になるまで、装置をCO2貯留槽において加熱した。次いで、CO2貯留槽バルブを完全に開放し、そして装置上の樹脂バルブをわずかに開放し、臨界超過CO2が樹脂を通って流れるようにさせた。次いで、生成物を適切な径のエルレンマイヤー(Erlenmeyer)フラスコ中に捕捉し、CO2を蒸発させ、抽出物が残った。
酸価決定のためのASTM D974-14法を使用して、回収された熱分解生成物のフラクションに対する酸価の変化を評価した。次いで、選択された試料上でGC-MSを実行し、収着剤上に保持され、かつ収着剤から回収された化合物の同一性を決定した。
表1に、シリカゲルによる抽出の前(初期)および後(フラクション)の2種の熱分解生成物(AおよびB)のASTM D974酸価を示す。フラクション番号は、1.5mLのアリコートが回収された順番を示す。
材料
使用された試料:イエローグリース加水分解物熱分解生成物
苛性アルカリ溶液:5.9M NaOH溶液
約25mLの冷(ウォークイン冷蔵庫中に貯蔵された試料)イエローグリース加水分解物熱分解生成物を50mLのプラスチック製遠心分離機管に移し、そして管をドライアイスの収納箱中に配置した。15mLおよび10mLのNaOH溶液を遠心分離機管に添加し、これを約2分間強力ボルテックスした。次いで、管を10分間、8000rpmにおいて遠心分離機にかけた。パスツールピペットを使用して、上澄みをガラスバイアル中に慎重に移した。酸価(ASTM D974)に関して試料を分析し、そしてGC-MSを使用して、試料の前および後の種類を決定した。
試験された条件下で、有機(熱分解物)および水性フラクションの間の良好な相分離が得られた。酸価の結果は、酸抽出のないイエローグリース加水分解物熱分解生成物の試料1gあたり47.5mg KOHと比較して、上澄みが0の酸価値を有することを示し、これは、酸の完全な抽出が生じたことを示唆する。
材料
使用された試料:イエローグリース加水分解物熱分解生成物
樹脂:Amberlyst(登録商標)A21、Dowex(登録商標)66およびAmberlite(登録商標)IRA 67およびPurolite(登録商標)PD206(全ての樹脂は遊離塩基陰イオン交換型であった)。湿分を除去するために、Amberlite(登録商標)IRA 67、Dowex(登録商標)66およびAmberlyst(登録商標)A21の試料を凍結乾燥させた。Purolite(登録商標)PD206は乾燥形態で受け取られ、そして受け取られたまま使用された。
ガラスウールを詰めたガラスカラム中に、約20gの乾燥樹脂を入れた。次いで、100mLのイエローグリース加水分解物熱分解生成物をカラムに加えて、そして重力溶出して、1.5mLのフラクションを回収した。目に見える液体層が樹脂上に観察されなくなったら、圧縮空気を使用して、可能な限り多くの液体を排出させた。試料上で酸価(ASTM D974)を決定した。選択された試料上でGC-MSを実行した。
以下の表2の酸価の結果は、Amberlyst(登録商標)A21が熱分解生成物から全ての酸を完全に抽出/除去することが可能であったことを示す。これはGM-MSクロマトグラフィーによって確認された。抽出後の熱分解物中の芳香族化合物(ベンゼン、トルエン、エチルベンゼン、キシレンなどの低分子量化合物)の保留。
Claims (35)
- 脂肪酸資源から炭化水素を製造するための方法において、
(a)前記脂肪酸資源を加熱して、前記炭化水素および少なくとも1種の短鎖遊離脂肪酸を含んでなる第1の組成物を製造することと;
(b)前記短鎖遊離脂肪酸を前記第1の組成物から除去して、ASTM D974によって測定した場合に0.1未満の酸価を有する最終炭化水素組成物を製造することと
を含んでなることを特徴とする、方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法において、ステップ(b)が、前記炭化水素組成物を吸着剤と接触させることを含んでなることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項2に記載の方法において、前記吸着剤を含んでなるカラムに前記炭化水素組成物を通過させることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項2に記載の方法において、前記吸着剤が、シリカまたは変性シリカを含んでなることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項2に記載の方法において、前記短鎖遊離脂肪酸が、その後、前記吸着剤から除去されることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項5に記載の方法において、前記吸着剤から前記短鎖遊離脂肪酸を除去するために、前記吸着剤を極性溶媒と接触させることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項6に記載の方法において、前記極性溶媒が、アルコール、ニトリル、エーテル、エステルまたは塩化炭化水素を含んでなることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項5に記載の方法において、前記吸着剤から前記短鎖遊離脂肪酸を除去するために、前記吸着剤を臨界超過二酸化炭素流体と接触させることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項5に記載の方法において、前記吸着剤から前記短鎖遊離脂肪酸を除去するために、前記吸着剤を、ステップ(a)からの副産物である臨界超過流体生成物と接触させることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項9に記載の方法において、前記臨界超過流体生成物が、一酸化炭素、二酸化炭素、メタン、エタン、水素またはそれらのいずれかの組合せを含んでなることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項5に記載の方法において、前記短鎖遊離脂肪酸が、前記吸着剤から連続的に除去されることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法において、
(a)反応器中で遊離脂肪酸を加熱して、炭化水素および少なくとも1種の短鎖遊離脂肪酸を含んでなる第1の組成物を製造することと;
(b)吸着剤を含んでなるカラム中に前記第1の組成物を導入することであって、前記短鎖遊離脂肪酸を前記第1の組成物から除去して、ASTM D974によって測定した場合に0.02未満の酸価を有する最終炭化水素組成物を製造することと;
(c)前記短鎖遊離脂肪酸を前記吸着剤から除去することと;
(d)ステップ(a)の前記反応器中に前記短鎖遊離脂肪酸を導入し、そして前記短鎖遊離脂肪酸を加熱して、第2の炭化水素組成物および少なくとも1種の第2の短鎖遊離脂肪酸を製造することと
を含んでなり、ステップ(a)~(d)が連続的に実行されることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項12に記載の方法において、前記吸着剤が、シリカまたは変性シリカを含んでなることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項13に記載の方法において、前記吸着剤から前記短鎖遊離脂肪酸を除去するために、前記吸着剤を臨界超過二酸化炭素流体と接触させることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項13に記載の方法において、前記吸着剤から前記短鎖遊離脂肪酸を除去するために、前記吸着剤を、ステップ(a)からの副産物である臨界超過流体生成物と接触させることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法において、ステップ(b)が、前記炭化水素組成物を塩基と接触させることを含んでなることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項14に記載の方法において、前記塩基が、アルカリ金属水酸化物、アルカリ金属炭酸塩、アルカリ土類金属水酸化物またはアルカリ土類金属炭酸塩を含んでなることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項14に記載の方法において、前記塩基が、水酸化ナトリウムまたは水酸化カリウムを含んでなることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項14に記載の方法において、前記炭化水素組成物を水性塩基と接触させて、水相および炭化水素相を製造し、前記炭化水素相を除去することを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項14に記載の方法において、塩基のモル量が、前記短鎖脂肪酸中に存在するカルボン酸基のモル等量より多いことを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法において、ステップ(b)が、前記炭化水素組成物を陰イオン交換樹脂と接触させることを含んでなることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項21に記載の方法において、前記陰イオン交換樹脂が、複数のアミノ基を有するポリマーおよび化合物の混合物を含んでなることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項21に記載の方法において、前記陰イオン交換樹脂が、複数のアミノ基を有するポリスチレンおよびポリマーを含んでなることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1乃至23のいずれか1項に記載の方法において、前記短鎖脂肪酸が、連続的に除去され、かつ加熱されて、追加の炭化水素が製造されることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1乃至23のいずれか1項に記載の方法において、前記脂肪酸資源が、モノグリセリド、ジグリセリド、トリグリセリド、脂質、遊離脂肪酸またはそれらの塩、あるいはそれらのいずれかの組合せを含んでなることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1乃至23のいずれか1項に記載の方法において、前記脂肪酸資源が、植物油、動物脂、藻類または菌類油、トール油、使用済み調理油、バイオソリッドから誘導される脂質、脂質、ホスホリピドまたはトリグリセリドを含んでなることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1乃至23のいずれか1項に記載の方法において、ステップ(a)の前に、遊離脂肪酸が前記脂肪酸資源から分離されることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項27に記載の方法において、(i)前記脂肪酸資源から1種以上のトリグリセリドを分離することと、(ii)前記トリグリセリドを加水分解して、前記遊離脂肪酸を製造することと、(iii)前記遊離脂肪酸を単離することとを含んでなることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項27に記載の方法において、前記遊離脂肪酸が、飽和脂肪酸、不飽和脂肪酸またはそれらの組合せを含んでなることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項27に記載の方法において、前記遊離脂肪酸が、酪酸、ラウリン酸、ミリスチン酸、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、アラキジン酸、アルファ-リノレン酸、ドコサヘキサエン酸、エイコサペンタエン酸、リノール酸、アラキドン酸、オレイン酸、エルカ酸、植物または動物供給源からの天然由来脂肪酸、またはそれらの組合せを含んでなることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1乃至23のいずれか1項に記載の方法において、前記加熱ステップ(a)が、220℃~650℃の温度で実行されることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1乃至23のいずれか1項に記載の方法において、前記加熱ステップ(a)が、250℃~500℃の温度で、2秒間~8時間実行されることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1乃至23のいずれか1項に記載の方法において、前記加熱ステップ(a)が、1種以上のアルケンの存在下で実行されることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1乃至23のいずれか1項に記載の方法において、前記加熱ステップ(a)が、補足水素の不在下で実行されることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1乃至23のいずれか1項に記載の方法によって製造されることを特徴とする炭化水素組成物。
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WO2018020321A1 (en) | 2018-02-01 |
RU2019104895A (ru) | 2020-08-25 |
JP2019528257A (ja) | 2019-10-10 |
UA128198C2 (uk) | 2024-05-08 |
US10995276B2 (en) | 2021-05-04 |
KR20190030753A (ko) | 2019-03-22 |
MX2019001072A (es) | 2020-01-20 |
EP3487959A1 (en) | 2019-05-29 |
KR102449807B1 (ko) | 2022-09-30 |
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