JP2022551924A - 粉末床系付加製造のための印刷可能かつ焼結可能な超硬合金およびサーメット粉末 - Google Patents

粉末床系付加製造のための印刷可能かつ焼結可能な超硬合金およびサーメット粉末 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP2022551924A
JP2022551924A JP2022521667A JP2022521667A JP2022551924A JP 2022551924 A JP2022551924 A JP 2022551924A JP 2022521667 A JP2022521667 A JP 2022521667A JP 2022521667 A JP2022521667 A JP 2022521667A JP 2022551924 A JP2022551924 A JP 2022551924A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
densified
cemented carbide
granules
cermet
sintering
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP2022521667A
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2022551924A5 (enExample
Inventor
ラヴィ・エンネティ
トーマス・ウルフ
ジュアン・アール・エル・トラソラス
Original Assignee
グローバル・タングステン・アンド・パウダーズ・コーポレーション
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by グローバル・タングステン・アンド・パウダーズ・コーポレーション filed Critical グローバル・タングステン・アンド・パウダーズ・コーポレーション
Publication of JP2022551924A publication Critical patent/JP2022551924A/ja
Publication of JP2022551924A5 publication Critical patent/JP2022551924A5/ja
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/05Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/06Metallic powder characterised by the shape of the particles
    • B22F1/065Spherical particles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/14Treatment of metallic powder
    • B22F1/142Thermal or thermo-mechanical treatment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/14Treatment of metallic powder
    • B22F1/148Agglomerating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/10Formation of a green body
    • B22F10/14Formation of a green body by jetting of binder onto a bed of metal powder
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30Process control
    • B22F10/34Process control of powder characteristics, e.g. density, oxidation or flowability
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B22F10/64Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by thermal means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/026Spray drying of solutions or suspensions
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00Processes of additive manufacturing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B33Y40/10Pre-treatment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y70/10Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/05Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
    • C22C1/051Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides or silicides; Preparation of the powder mixture used as the starting material therefor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C29/00Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/005Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides comprising a particular metallic binder
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C29/00Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/02Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
    • C22C29/06Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
    • C22C29/08Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on tungsten carbide
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F2005/001Cutting tools, earth boring or grinding tool other than table ware
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2201/00Treatment under specific atmosphere
    • B22F2201/01Reducing atmosphere
    • B22F2201/013Hydrogen
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2201/00Treatment under specific atmosphere
    • B22F2201/10Inert gases
    • B22F2201/11Argon
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2202/00Treatment under specific physical conditions
    • B22F2202/13Use of plasma
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2301/00Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
    • B22F2301/15Nickel or cobalt
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2302/00Metal Compound, non-Metallic compound or non-metal composition of the powder or its coating
    • B22F2302/10Carbide
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2304/00Physical aspects of the powder
    • B22F2304/10Micron size particles, i.e. above 1 micrometer up to 500 micrometer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25Process efficiency

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Producing Shaped Articles From Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
JP2022521667A 2019-10-11 2020-10-09 粉末床系付加製造のための印刷可能かつ焼結可能な超硬合金およびサーメット粉末 Pending JP2022551924A (ja)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201962913998P 2019-10-11 2019-10-11
US62/913,998 2019-10-11
PCT/US2020/054953 WO2021072173A1 (en) 2019-10-11 2020-10-09 Printable and sinterable cemented carbide and cermet powders for powder bed-based additive manufacturing

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2022551924A true JP2022551924A (ja) 2022-12-14
JP2022551924A5 JP2022551924A5 (enExample) 2023-10-17

Family

ID=75437770

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2022521667A Pending JP2022551924A (ja) 2019-10-11 2020-10-09 粉末床系付加製造のための印刷可能かつ焼結可能な超硬合金およびサーメット粉末

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20240093336A1 (enExample)
EP (1) EP4041510A4 (enExample)
JP (1) JP2022551924A (enExample)
WO (1) WO2021072173A1 (enExample)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2024092850A (ja) * 2022-12-26 2024-07-08 株式会社タンガロイ 被覆超硬合金

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102019130940A1 (de) * 2019-10-25 2021-04-29 Gühring KG Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Wendeschneidplatte sowie ein zerspanendes Werkzeug
CN113426998B (zh) * 2021-07-02 2024-02-09 西安华力装备科技有限公司 一种高振实密度纯钨粒的制备方法
CN118510862A (zh) * 2021-12-30 2024-08-16 圣戈班磨料磨具有限公司 磨料制品及其形成方法
CN114985748A (zh) * 2022-06-15 2022-09-02 西安铂力特增材技术股份有限公司 硬质合金复杂构件成形方法
CN115055674B (zh) * 2022-06-29 2024-06-04 中南大学 一种适用于增材制造钨钴硬质合金零部件的喂料及其制备方法和应用
KR20250099136A (ko) 2022-10-28 2025-07-01 하.체. 스타르크 텅스텐 게엠베하 적층 제조용 과립 혼합물
US20240253268A1 (en) * 2023-01-27 2024-08-01 Kennametal Inc. Bimodal cemented carbide powders for additive manufacturing and structured bodies made therefrom
US20240253267A1 (en) * 2023-01-27 2024-08-01 Kennametal Inc. Bimodal cemented carbide powders for additive manufacturing and structured bodies made therefrom
US20240253114A1 (en) * 2023-01-27 2024-08-01 Kennametal Inc. Cemented carbide powders for additive manufacturing and sintered bodies made therefrom
CN117428192B (zh) * 2023-10-30 2025-04-11 有研(广东)新材料技术研究院 一种双扁平位楔形劈刀棒料及其制备方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4395279A (en) * 1981-11-27 1983-07-26 Gte Products Corporation Plasma spray powder
US20180236687A1 (en) * 2017-02-20 2018-08-23 Kennametal Inc. Cemented carbide powders for additive manufacturing
CN108941537A (zh) * 2018-09-03 2018-12-07 湖南伊澍智能制造有限公司 一种电子束3d打印特种高温合金的方法

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3617358A (en) * 1967-09-29 1971-11-02 Metco Inc Flame spray powder and process
US3909241A (en) * 1973-12-17 1975-09-30 Gte Sylvania Inc Process for producing free flowing powder and product
US4963183A (en) * 1989-03-03 1990-10-16 Gte Valenite Corporation Corrosion resistant cemented carbide
FI83935C (fi) * 1989-05-24 1991-09-25 Outokumpu Oy Saett att behandla och framstaella material.
CN108941596A (zh) * 2018-09-03 2018-12-07 湖南伊澍智能制造有限公司 一种3d打印特种合金粉末及其制备方法
US20200346365A1 (en) * 2019-05-03 2020-11-05 Kennametal Inc. Cemented carbide powders for additive manufacturing
CN110253028A (zh) * 2019-07-16 2019-09-20 湖南伊澍智能制造有限公司 一种自润滑3d打印合金粉末及其制备方法

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4395279A (en) * 1981-11-27 1983-07-26 Gte Products Corporation Plasma spray powder
US20180236687A1 (en) * 2017-02-20 2018-08-23 Kennametal Inc. Cemented carbide powders for additive manufacturing
CN108941537A (zh) * 2018-09-03 2018-12-07 湖南伊澍智能制造有限公司 一种电子束3d打印特种高温合金的方法

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
RAVI K. ENNETI: "Sintering of WC-12%Co processed by binder jet 3D printing(BJ3DP) technology", INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS&HARD MATERIALS, JPN7024004251, 2018, pages 28 - 35, ISSN: 0005572018 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2024092850A (ja) * 2022-12-26 2024-07-08 株式会社タンガロイ 被覆超硬合金
JP7857557B2 (ja) 2022-12-26 2026-05-13 株式会社タンガロイ 被覆超硬合金

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2021072173A1 (en) 2021-04-15
US20240093336A1 (en) 2024-03-21
EP4041510A1 (en) 2022-08-17
EP4041510A4 (en) 2023-10-04

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20240093336A1 (en) Printable and sinterable cemented carbide and cermet powders for powder bed-based additive manufacturing
JP6861728B2 (ja) サーメット又は超硬合金の三次元印刷
KR102297842B1 (ko) 서멧 또는 초경합금 분말을 제조하는 방법
KR102592186B1 (ko) 적층 제조를 위한 초경합금 분말
US10946445B2 (en) Method of manufacturing a cemented carbide material
CN111876642A (zh) 用于增材制造的硬质碳化物粉末
CN114080286A (zh) 金属陶瓷或硬质合金的三维打印
JP6756994B1 (ja) 積層造形用粉末、積層造形物の製造方法及び積層造形物焼結体の製造方法
CN117580660A (zh) 一种制备用于增材制造的粉末的方法
US20250178084A1 (en) Cemented carbide powder for binder jet additive manufacturing
CN120435447A (zh) 用于增材制造的硬质碳化物粉末和由其制成的经烧结的主体
CN120457099A (zh) 用于增材制造的双峰硬质碳化物粉末和由其制成的结构化主体
Ajjarapu Sintering Behavior of Ni/TiC Cermet Scaffolds Fabricated via Particle-Based Ink Extrusion 3D Printing
CA3268333A1 (en) Granular mixture for additive manufacturing
CN117120181A (zh) 层叠造形用粉末材料和使用该粉末材料的造形物的制造方法
CN120476097A (zh) 用于增材制造的双峰硬质碳化物粉末和由其制成的结构化主体
CN120018922A (zh) 用于增材制造的颗粒混合物
Carreño-Morelli et al. Full Density & Alternative Consolidation I: Solid Free-Form Fabrication of Dense Metallic Parts

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20231006

A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20231006

A977 Report on retrieval

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007

Effective date: 20240925

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20241015

A601 Written request for extension of time

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601

Effective date: 20250109

A02 Decision of refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02

Effective date: 20250415