JP2022531102A - 回転パドルを有する固定チャンバ内で粒子をコーティングするためのリアクタ - Google Patents
回転パドルを有する固定チャンバ内で粒子をコーティングするためのリアクタ Download PDFInfo
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- JP2022531102A JP2022531102A JP2021562089A JP2021562089A JP2022531102A JP 2022531102 A JP2022531102 A JP 2022531102A JP 2021562089 A JP2021562089 A JP 2021562089A JP 2021562089 A JP2021562089 A JP 2021562089A JP 2022531102 A JP2022531102 A JP 2022531102A
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Abstract
Description
最も広い意味での用語「薬物」には、すべての小分子(例えば、非生物学的)APIが含まれる。薬物は、鎮痛剤、麻酔剤、抗炎症剤、駆虫剤、抗不整脈剤、抗喘息剤、抗生物質、抗がん剤、抗凝固剤、抗うつ剤、抗糖尿病薬、抗てんかん薬、抗ヒスタミン薬、鎮咳薬、降圧薬、抗ムスカリン薬、抗マイコバクテリア薬、抗腫瘍薬、抗酸化剤、解熱剤、免疫抑制剤、免疫刺激剤、抗甲状腺薬、抗ウイルス薬、抗不安鎮静薬、催眠薬、神経遮断薬、収斂剤、静菌剤、ベータアドレナリン受容体遮断薬、血液製剤、代用血液、気管支拡張薬、緩衝剤、心臓変力剤、化学療法剤、造影剤、コルチコステロイド、咳抑制薬、去痰薬、粘液溶解薬、利尿薬、ドーパミン作動薬、抗パーキンソン病薬、フリーラジカル捕捉剤、成長因子、止血剤、免疫剤、脂質調節剤、筋弛緩剤、副交感神経興奮薬、副甲状腺カルシトニン、ビスホスホネート、プロスタグランジン、放射性医薬品、ホルモン、性ホルモン、抗アレルギー剤、食欲刺激薬、食思減退薬、ステロイド、交感神経刺激薬、甲状腺剤、ワクチン、血管拡張剤、及びキサンチンからなる群より選択され得る。
薬学的に許容される添加物には、以下が含まれるが、これらに限定されない:
(1)以下を含む界面活性剤及びポリマー:ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)、ポリビニルピロリドン(PVP)、ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム、ポリビニルアルコール、クロスポビドン、ポリビニルピロリドン-ポリビニルアクリレートコポリマー、セルロース誘導体、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、カルボキシメチルエチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースフタレート、ポリアクリレート及びポリメタクリレート、尿素、糖、ポリオール、カルボマー及びそれらのポリマー、乳化剤、シュガーガム、デンプン、有機酸及びそれらの塩、ビニルピロリドン及び酢酸ビニル;
(2)結合剤、例えば、セルロース、架橋ポリビニルピロリドン、微結晶セルロースなど;
(3)充填剤、例えば、ラクトース一水和物、無水ラクトース、微結晶セルロース、及びさまざまなデンプンなど;
(4)潤滑剤、例えば、コロイド状二酸化ケイ素、タルク、ステアリン酸、ステアリン酸マグネシウム、ステアリン酸カルシウム、シリカゲルを含む、圧縮される粉末の流動性に作用する薬剤など;
(5)甘味料、例えば、スクロース、キシリトール、サッカリンナトリウム、シクラメート、アスパルテーム、及びアセスルファムKなどの任意の天然又は人工甘味料;
(6)香味剤;
(7)防腐剤、例えば、ソルビン酸カリウム、メチルパラベン、プロピルパラベン、安息香酸及びその塩、ブチルパラベンなどのパラヒドロキシ安息香酸の他のエステル類、エチル又はベンジルアルコールなどのアルコール類、フェノールなどのフェノール化合物、又は塩化ベンザルコニウムなどの4級化合物など;
(8)バッファー;
(9)希釈剤、例えば、微結晶性セルロース、ラクトース、二塩基性リン酸カルシウム、糖類、及び/又は前述のいずれかの混合物などの薬学的に許容される不活性充填剤など;
(10)湿潤剤、例えば、コーンスターチ、ジャガイモデンプン、トウモロコシデンプン、加工デンプン、及びそれらの混合物など;
(11)崩壊剤、例えば、クロスカルメロースナトリウム、クロスポビドン、デンプングリコール酸ナトリウムなど;並びに
(12)発泡剤、例えば、有機酸(例えば、クエン酸、酒石酸、リンゴ酸、フマル酸、アジピン酸、コハク酸、及びアルギン酸、並びに無水物及び酸塩)、又は炭酸塩(例えば、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム、炭酸マグネシウム、グリシン炭酸ナトリウム、L-リジン炭酸塩、及びアルギニン炭酸塩)、若しくは重炭酸塩(例えば、重炭酸ナトリウム又は重炭酸カリウム)などの発泡性カップル(effervescent couples)。
最も広い意味での用語「金属酸化物材料」には、金属と見なされる元素と酸素系酸化剤との反応から形成されるすべての材料が含まれる。例示的な金属酸化物材料には、酸化アルミニウム、二酸化チタン、酸化鉄、酸化ガリウム、酸化マグネシウム、酸化亜鉛、酸化ニオブ、酸化ハフニウム、酸化タンタル、酸化ランタン、及び二酸化ジルコニウムが含まれるが、これらに限定されない。例示的な酸化剤には、水、オゾン、及び無機過酸化物が含まれるが、これらに限定されない。用語「酸化物材料」には、金属酸化物材料、及び、他の材料の酸化物、例えば二酸化ケイ素が含まれる。
原子層堆積は、元素又は化合物の自己制御単層の逐次的な添加が原子又は分子単層のレベルに均一に制御された厚さ及び均一性を有する膜の堆積を可能にする薄膜堆積技法である。自己制御とは、一度に単一の原子層のみが形成され、表面を再生して、さらなる堆積を可能にするために、後続のプロセス工程が必要とされることを意味する。
分子層堆積は、原子層堆積と類似しているが、有機前駆体を使用し、有機薄膜を形成する。典型的なMLDプロセス中、2つのホモ二官能性前駆体が使用される。第1の前駆体はチャンバ内へ導入される。第1の前駆体の分子は、対応する結合化学を介して基板表面上の反応基と反応して、新たな反応部位を有する基板表面上に第1の前駆体の分子層を添加する。パージ後、第2の前駆体が導入され、第2の前駆体の分子は、第2の前駆体に結合した第1の前駆体の分子層を生成する第1の前駆体によって提供された新たな反応部位と反応する。この後に別のパージサイクルが続く。
図1-2は、薄膜コーティングで粒子をコーティングするためのリアクタシステム100を図示する。リアクタシステム100は、ALD及び/又はMLDコーティング条件を使用してコーティングを実施することができる。リアクタシステム100は、堆積プロセス(ALD又はMLD)がより高い処理温度(50℃超、例えば50-100℃)又はより低い処理温度、例えば50℃未満、例えば35℃以下で実施されるようにする。例えば、リアクタシステム100は、22-35℃、例えば、25-35℃、25-30℃、又は30-35℃の温度で主にALDによって粒子上に薄膜酸化物を形成することができる。概して、粒子は、そのような温度で残存し得るか又は維持され得る。反応ガス及び/又はリアクタチャンバの内部表面をそのような温度に残存させる又は維持することによって、これは達成され得る。
例えば、チャンバ110の上部110bは、直方体(図6Aを参照)、半円形の断面を有する半円筒、又はパドルアセンブリ150の回転を遮断しない他の適切な形状であり得る。いくつかの実装形態では、チャンバの上部110bは、下部110aに隣接しており、垂直側壁を有する下部セクション110c、例えば直方体体積を有する。下部セクション110cとチャンバ110の天井112aとの間に延びる上部セクション110cは、三角形又は台形である断面(やはり、半円筒の中心軸に沿って見た場合)を有し得る。
初めに、粒子は、リアクタシステム100のチャンバ110中にロードされる。粒子は、薬物、例えば上で説明された薬物のうちの一つを含むソリッドコアを有し得る。ソリッドコアは、場合によっては、添加物も含み得る。アクセスポートが密閉されると、コントローラ105は、粒子上に薄膜酸化物層及び/又は薄いポリマー層を形成するために、方策に従ってリアクタシステム100を操作する。
ALDプロセスに関して、コントローラ105は以下のようにリアクタシステム100を操作することができる。
i)ガス分配システム140は、粒子ベッド10が第1の反応ガスで飽和されるまで、第1の反応ガス、例えばTMAを源142aからチャンバ110へ流すように操作される。例えば、第1の反応ガスは、指定された流量で指定された期間、又はセンサがチャンバの上部110bの第1の反応ガスの指定された第1の圧力又は分圧を測定するまで、流れることができる。いくつかの実装形態では、第1の反応ガスは、チャンバへ流れると、不活性ガスと混合される。指定された圧力又は分圧は、0.1Torrから反応ガスの飽和圧力の半分であり得る。
ii)第1の反応ガスの流れが停止され、真空源140はチャンバ110を、例えば1Torr未満の圧力、例えば1から100mTorr、例えば50mTorrまで排気する。
iii)ガス分配システム140は、不活性ガスのみ、例えばN2を源142eからチャンバ110へ流すように操作される。不活性ガスは、指定された流量で指定された期間、又はセンサがチャンバの上部110bの不活性ガスの指定された第2の圧力を測定するまで、流れることができる。第2の指定された圧力は、1から100Torrであり得る。
iv)真空ポンプ140はチャンバ110を、例えば1Torr未満の圧力、例えば1から500mTorr、例えば50mTorrまで排気する。
v)ガス分配システム30は、粒子ベッド10が第2の反応ガスで飽和されるまで、第2の反応ガス、例えばH2Oを源142bからチャンバ110へ流すように操作される。改めて、第2の反応ガスは、指定された流量で指定された期間、又はセンサがチャンバの上部110bの第2の反応ガスの指定された第3の圧力又は分圧を測定するまで、流れることができる。いくつかの実装形態では、第2の反応ガスは、チャンバへ流れると、不活性ガスと混合される。第3の圧力は、0.1Torrから第2の反応ガスの飽和圧力の半分であり得る。
vi)真空ポンプ140はチャンバ110を、例えば1Torr未満の圧力、例えば1から500mTorr、例えば50mTorrまで排気する。
別の実装形態では、ガスの一又は複数(例えば、反応ガス及び/又は不活性ガス)は、パルスで供給され得る。ここでは、チャンバ110は、指定された圧力までガスで充填され、遅延時間が経過することが可能になり、次のパルスが開始する前に、チャンバは真空源140によって排気される。
i)ガス分配システム140は、第1の指定された圧力がチャンバの上部110bで達成されるまで、第1の反応ガス、例えばTMAを源142aからチャンバ110へ流すように操作される。指定された圧力は、0.1Torrから反応ガスの飽和圧力の半分であり得る。
ii)第1の反応ガスの流れは停止され、例えば、コントローラ内のタイマーによって測定される指定された遅延時間が経過することが可能になる。これにより、第1の反応物質がチャンバ110内の粒子ベッド10を通って流れ、粒子の表面と反応することが可能になる。
iii)真空ポンプ140はチャンバ110を、例えば1Torr未満の圧力、例えば1から100mTorr、例えば50mTorrまで排気する。
iv)ガス分配システム140は、第2の指定された圧力が達成されるまで、不活性ガス、例えばN2を源142eからチャンバ110へ流すように操作される。第2の指定された圧力は、1から100Torrであり得る。
v)不活性ガスの流れは停止され、例えば、コントローラ内のタイマーによって測定される指定された遅延時間が経過することが可能になる。これにより、不活性ガスが粒子ベッド10内の粒子を通って拡散し、反応ガス及び蒸気状の副生成物を置換することができる。
vi)真空ポンプ140はチャンバ110を、例えば1Torr未満の圧力、例えば1から500mTorr、例えば50mTorrまで排気する。
Vii)ガス分配システム30は、第3の指定された圧力が達成されるまで、第2の反応ガス、例えばH2を源142bからチャンバ110へ流すように操作される。第3の圧力は、0.1Torrから反応ガスの飽和圧力の半分であり得る。
viii)第2の反応ガスの流れは停止され、例えば、コントローラ内のタイマーによって測定される指定された遅延時間が経過することが可能になる。これにより、第2の反応ガスが粒子ベッド10を通って流れて、ドラムチャンバ110内部の粒子の表面と反応することが可能になる。
ix)真空ポンプ140はチャンバ110を、例えば1Torr未満の圧力、例えば1から500mTorr、例えば50mTorrまで排気する。
本開示は、一又は複数の酸化物層及び/又は一又は複数のポリマー層によってカプセル化されるAPI含有粒子を含む薬学的組成物を調製するための装置及び方法を提供する。コーティング層は共形であり、合計で数ナノメートルから数マイクロメートルまで厚さが制御されている。コーティングされる物品は、APIのみから、又はAPIと一又は複数の添加物との組み合わせから構成され得る。本明細書に記載されるコーティングプロセスは、コーティングされていないAPIと比較してAPIのガラス転移温度が高く、コーティングされていないAPIと比較してアモルファス形態のAPIの結晶化速度が低く、コーティングされていないAPIと比較して粒子内のAPI分子の表面移動度が低いAPIを提供することができる。重要なことは、粒子の溶解が変更され得ることである。コーティングは比較的薄いため、薬物負荷の高い薬物製品が達成され得る。そして、同じリアクタに複数のコーティングを施すことができるため、コスト及び製造の容易さの点で有益である。
Claims (15)
- 粒子をコーティングするためのリアクタであって、
コーティングされる粒子のベッドを保持するための固定真空チャンバであって、半円筒を形成する下部と上部とを有するチャンバと、
前記チャンバの前記上部内の真空ポートと、
反応ガス又は前駆体ガスを前記チャンバの前記下部に射出するよう構成されている化学物質送達システムと、
パドルアセンブリであって、
前記半円筒の前記軸方向の軸に沿って前記チャンバを通って延びる回転可能なドライブシャフトと、
前記モータによる前記ドライブシャフトの回転が、前記ドライブシャフトの周りの前記複数のパドルを周回するように、前記ドライブシャフトから半径方向に延びる複数のパドルと、
を含むパドルアセンブリと、
前記ドライブシャフトを回転させるためのモータと、
を含む、リアクタ。 - 前記パドルの外端が、間隙によって前記チャンバ壁の前記下部の内面から分離されている、請求項1に記載のリアクタ。
- 前記複数のパドルが、前記ドライブシャフトから第1の半径方向距離で第1の複数の外側パドルを、前記ドライブシャフトから第2の半径方向距離で第1の複数の内側パドルを含み、前記第2の半径方向距離が前記第1の半径方向距離よりも小さい、請求項1に記載のリアクタ。
- 前記第1の複数の外側パドルが第1の斜角で配向されており、前記第1の複数の内側パドルが、前記第1の斜角と符号が反対である第2の斜角で配向されている、請求項3に記載のリアクタ。
- 前記第2の斜角が、前記第1の斜角と大きさが等しい、請求項4に記載のリアクタ。
- 前記第1の複数のパドル及び前記第2の複数のパドルが前記ドライブシャフトの周りを同じ方向に周回するとき、前記第1の複数の外側パドルが、粒子を前記軸方向の軸に沿って第1の方向に駆動するように、第1の斜角で配向されており、前記第1の複数の内側パドルが、粒子を前記第1の方向とは反対の前記軸方向の軸に沿って第2の方向に駆動するように、第2の斜角で配向されている、請求項3に記載のリアクタ。
- 前記複数のパドルが、前記ドライブシャフトから第3の半径方向距離で第2の複数の外側パドルを、前記ドライブシャフトから第4の半径方向距離で第2の複数の内側パドルを含み、前記第4の半径方向距離が前記第3の半径方向距離よりも小さく、前記第2の複数の外側パドルが、粒子を前記第2の方向に駆動するよう、第3の斜角で配向されており、前記第2の複数の内側パドルが、粒子を前記第1の方向に駆動するよう、第4の斜角で配向されている、請求項6に記載のリアクタ。
- 前記第3の半径方向距離が前記第1の半径方向距離に等しく、前記第4の半径方向距離が前記第2の半径方向距離に等しく、前記第3の斜角が、前記第1の斜角と大きさが等しく、方向が反対であり、前記第4の斜角が、前記第2の斜角と大きさが等しく、方向が反対である、請求項7に記載のリアクタ。
- 前記第1の複数の外側パドル及び前記第1の複数の内側パドルが、前記軸方向の軸に垂直な前記チャンバを通る分割面の第1の側面上に位置決めされており、前記第2の複数の外側パドル及び前記第2の複数の内側パドルが、前記分割面の第2の側面上に位置決めされている、請求項7に記載のリアクタ。
- 粒子を前記チャンバへ送達するか又は粒子を前記チャンバから受け取るためのポートであって、前記分割面に位置決めされているポートを含む、請求項9に記載のリアクタ。
- 前記第1の複数の外側パドル及び前記第2の複数の外側パドルが、粒子を前記ポートに向かって駆動するように配向されており、前記第1の複数の内側パドル及び前記第2の複数の内側パドルが、粒子を前記ポートから離れて駆動するように配向されている、請求項10に記載のリアクタ。
- 粒子をコーティングする方法であって、
粒子を真空チャンバ中に分注して、半円筒を形成する前記チャンバの少なくとも下部を充填することと、
前記チャンバの上部内の真空ポートを通じて前記チャンバを排気することと、
複数のパドルがドライブシャフトを周回するようにパドルアセンブリを回転させることと、
前記パドルアセンブリが回転する際に、反応ガス又は前駆体ガスを前記チャンバの前記下部に射出することと、
を含む、方法。 - 原子層堆積又は分子層堆積によって前記粒子をコーティングすることを含む、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記粒子が、薬物を含有するコアを含む、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 粒子をコーティングするためのリアクタであって、
コーティングされる粒子のベッドを保持するための固定真空チャンバであって、半円筒を形成する下部と上部とを有するチャンバと、
前記チャンバの前記上部内の真空ポートと、
反応ガス又は前駆体ガスを前記チャンバの前記下部に射出するよう構成されている化学物質送達システムと、
パドルアセンブリであって、
前記半円筒の前記軸方向の軸に沿って前記チャンバを通って延びる回転可能なドライブシャフトと、
前記モータによる前記ドライブシャフトの回転が、前記ドライブシャフトの周りの前記複数のパドルを周回するように、前記ドライブシャフトから半径方向に延びる複数のパドルであって、前記複数のパドルが、複数のパドルのグループを含み、パドルの各グループが、ドライブシャフトに垂直な共通面に位置決めされており、パドルの各グループが、前記ドライブシャフトから第1の半径方向距離で外側パドルを、前記ドライブシャフトから第2の半径方向距離で内側パドルを含み、前記第2の半径方向距離が、前記第1の半径方向距離よりも小さい、複数のパドルと、
を含むパドルアセンブリと、
前記ドライブシャフトを回転させるためのモータと、
を含む、リアクタ。
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CN113767188A (zh) | 2021-12-07 |
TWI764732B (zh) | 2022-05-11 |
US11717800B2 (en) | 2023-08-08 |
US20230347310A1 (en) | 2023-11-02 |
SG11202111261UA (en) | 2021-11-29 |
KR20210143950A (ko) | 2021-11-29 |
CN113767188B (zh) | 2024-02-09 |
JP7451561B2 (ja) | 2024-03-18 |
EP3959353A1 (en) | 2022-03-02 |
TWI732532B (zh) | 2021-07-01 |
WO2020219583A1 (en) | 2020-10-29 |
TW202142725A (zh) | 2021-11-16 |
TW202229622A (zh) | 2022-08-01 |
TW202104652A (zh) | 2021-02-01 |
EP3959353A4 (en) | 2023-01-18 |
US20200338517A1 (en) | 2020-10-29 |
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