JP2022514299A - 抗体の制御されたフコシル化 - Google Patents
抗体の制御されたフコシル化 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2022514299A JP2022514299A JP2021534983A JP2021534983A JP2022514299A JP 2022514299 A JP2022514299 A JP 2022514299A JP 2021534983 A JP2021534983 A JP 2021534983A JP 2021534983 A JP2021534983 A JP 2021534983A JP 2022514299 A JP2022514299 A JP 2022514299A
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- antibody
- fucosylation
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2018年12月19日出願の米国暫定特許出願第62/781,691号(参照によって、あらゆる点について全体が本明細書に組み込まれる)の優先権の恩恵を主張するものである。
「抗体」という用語は、(a)免疫グロブリンポリペプチド及び免疫グロブリンポリペプチドの免疫学的に活性な部分、即ち、特異抗原(例えば、CD70)に免疫特異的に結合する抗原結合部位及び複合N-グリコシド結合型糖鎖を含むFcドメインを含む免疫グロブリンファミリーのポリペプチド若しくはそれの断片、或いは(b)抗原(例えば、CD70)に免疫特異的に結合するそのような免疫グロブリンポリペプチド若しくは断片の保存的に置換された誘導体を意味する。抗体は、例えば、Harlow & Lane, Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual(Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1988)に記載されている。文脈から別途明らかでない限り、抗体と言う場合、それは下記でより詳細に述べる抗体誘導体も含む。
本発明は、特定のレベルのコア非フコシル化で抗体及び抗体誘導体を製造する方法を提供する。この方法は、予測モデルへの入力として対応する培養パラメータ(例えば、細胞面積又は抗体力価の積分)と対となったフコシル化阻害剤に関連するパラメータ(例えば、フコシル化阻害剤の量又はフコシル化阻害剤添加の時間)を用いて、所与のフコシル化阻害剤(例えば、2-フルオロフコース)による抗体又は抗体誘導体非フコシル化レベルの正確な予測モデルを作ることができることを示す実施例で提供される予想外の結果に部分的に基づくものである。本明細書で使用される場合、「コアフコシル化」は、N結合型グリカンの還元末端でのフコースのN-アセチルグルコサミン(「GlcNAc」)への付加(「フコシル化」)を指す。そのような方法によって製造される抗体及び抗体誘導体も提供される。
一部の実施形態において、宿主細胞を培養することで生成した抗体又は抗体誘導体の複合型N-グリコシド結合型糖鎖に組み込まれるフコースの量は、フコシル化阻害剤を加える培養中の時間を変えることで制御することができる。一部の実施形態において、フコシル化阻害剤は、培養のd0後に加えられる。一部の実施形態において、フコシル化阻害剤はフコース類縁体である。一部の実施形態において、フコース類縁体は、2-フルオロフコース(2FF)、式Iの化合物、又は式IIの化合物である。一部の実施形態において、フコース類縁体は2FFである。一部の実施形態において、加えられるフコシル化阻害剤の量は、d0で加えた時に少なくとも約95%(例えば、少なくとも約96%、97%、98%、99%、又はそれ以上のいずれか)非フコシル化を生じる飽和量若しくはほぼ飽和量である。一部の実施形態において、加えられるフコシル化阻害剤の量は、d0で加えた時に少なくとも約95%少なくとも約95%(例えば、少なくとも約96%、97%、98%、99%、又はそれ以上のいずれか)非フコシル化を生じる約飽和量未満である。一部の実施形態において、フコシル化阻害剤の添加時間は、入力としてフコシル化阻害剤添加時間及び培養パラメータを有する予測モデルを用いて決定される。一部の実施形態において、培養パラメータは抗体力価である。一部の実施形態において、抗体力価は、フコシル化阻害剤の添加時間での抗体力価である。一部の実施形態において、1以上(例えば、2、3、4、5、又はそれ以上)の追加量のフコシル化阻害剤を、初回添加後に加える。
一部の実施形態において、本明細書に記載の方法は、フコシル化阻害剤を用いる。一部の実施形態において、フコシル化阻害剤は、対象者に投与した場合にイン・ビボで2FFに変換される2-フルオロフコース(2FF)又はフコース類縁体である。想定される別のフコシル化阻害剤には、米国特許第8,163,551号及び米国特許公開第20150238509号(これらは参照によって全内容が本明細書に組み込まれる)に開示のものなどがある。例えば、一部の実施形態において、フコシル化阻害剤は、下記で確認される式I又はIIのフコース類縁体である。
R1、R2、R2a、R3、R3a及びR4のそれぞれは、独立に、OH、加水分解可能エステル基、加水分解可能エーテル基、及び小さい電子求引基から選択され;
R5は、-CH3、-CHX2、-CH2X、置換されていないかハロゲンで置換されている-CH(X′)-C1-C4アルキル、置換されていないかハロゲンで置換されている-CH(X′)-C2-C4アルケン、置換されていないかハロゲンで置換されている-CH(X′)-C2-C4アルキン、-CH=C(R10)(R11)、-C(CH3)=C(R12)(R13)、-C(R14)=C=C(R15)(R16)、置換されていないかメチル若しくはハロゲンで置換されている-C3炭素環、置換されていないかメチル若しくはハロゲンで置換されている-CH(X′)-C3炭素環、置換されていないかメチル又はハロゲンで置換されているC3複素環、置換されていないかメチル若しくはハロゲンで置換されている-CH(X′)-C3複素環、-CH2N3、-CH2CH2N3、及びベンジルオキシメチルからなる群から選択される構成員であり、又はR5は小さい電子求引基であり;
R10は、水素又は置換されていないかハロゲンで置換されているC1-C3アルキルであり;
R11は、置換されていないかハロゲンで置換されているC1-C3アルキルであり;
R12は、水素、ハロゲン又は置換されていないかハロゲンで置換されているC1-C3アルキルであり;
R13は、水素、又は置換されていないかハロゲンで置換されているC1-C3アルキルであり;
R14は水素又はメチルであり;
R15及びR16は独立に、水素、メチル及びハロゲンから選択され;
Xはハロゲンであり;
X′はハロゲン又は水素であり;
さらに、R1、R2、R2a、R3及びR3aのそれぞれが水素であっても良く;隣接する炭素原子上の二つのR1、R2、R2a、R3及びR3aが組み合わされて、当該隣接する炭素原子間で二重結合を形成していても良く;
但し、R1、R2、R2a、R3、R3a、R4及びR5のうちの少なくとも一つが小さい電子求引基であるか、R5がハロゲン、不飽和の部位、炭素環、複素環又はアジドを含む。
本発明の方法により製造することができる抗体は、モノクローナル、キメラ、ヒト化(ベニアを含む)又はヒト抗体であることができる。適切な抗体には、単鎖抗体、複合N-グリコシド結合型糖鎖を有するFc領域若しくはドメイン(例えば、ヒトIgG1 Fc領域若しくはドメイン)を有する同様なものなどの抗体断片などもある。Fc領域若しくはドメインは、Fcガンマ受容体結合部位を含むことができる。一部の実施形態において、抗体は、げっ歯類(例えば、マウス及びラット)、ロバ、ヒツジ、ウサギ、ヤギ、モルモット、ラクダ科動物、ウマ又はニワトリであることができる。
本発明の方法において有用である抗体及びその誘導体は、ハイブリドーマ、骨髄腫又は他の抗体発現哺乳類細胞から組換え発現技術により製造することができる。標的抗原に結合する抗体又はその誘導体の組換え発現は概して、抗体又はその誘導体をコードする核酸を含む発現ベクターの構築を必要とする。そのようなタンパク質をコードする核酸が得られたら、当技術分野で周知の技術を用いる組換えDNA技術により、タンパク質分子の製造用のベクターを生成させることができる。Sambrook and Russel, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual(Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press、Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y., 3, 2001)、Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual(Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y., 2, 1989)、Ausubel et al., Short Protocols in Molecular Biology(John Wiley & Sons, New York, 4, 1999)並びにGlick and Pasternak, Molecular Biotechnology: Principles and Applications of Recombinant DNA(ASM Press, Washington, D.C., 2, 1998)に記載されているような標準的技術を組換え核酸法、核酸合成、細胞培養、トランスジーン組み込み及び組換えタンパク質発現に用いることができる。
本発明の方法により調製される抗体及び抗体誘導体は、様々な治療適用分野及び治療以外の適用分野に用いることができる。例えば、抗体は、治療用抗体として用いることができる。抗体誘導体(例えば、受容体-Fc融合体)は、治療用分子として用いることができる。一部の実施形態において、抗体又は抗体誘導体は、他の分子に結合されていない。一部の実施形態において、抗体は、適切な薬物(例えば、抗体薬物結合体)又は他の活性薬に結合されている。抗体及び抗体誘導体は、診断アッセイ、予後アッセイ、放出アッセイなどの治療以外の目的にも用いることができる。
本発明の方法により調製される抗体及び抗体誘導体は、治療適用分野及び治療以外の適用分野向けに製剤することができる。抗体及び誘導体は、治療上又は予防上有効な量の抗体又は誘導体及び1以上の薬学的に適合性のある(許容される)成分を含む医薬組成物として製剤することができる。例えば、医薬又は非医薬組成物は、一般的に1以上の担体(例えば、落花生油、大豆油、鉱油、ゴマ油などの石油、動物、植物又は合成由来のものを含む、水及び油などの滅菌液体)を含む。水は、医薬組成物を静脈内投与する場合のより一般的な担体である。生理食塩溶液並びにデキストロース及びグリセロール水溶液も特に注射用溶液の液体担体として用いることができる。適切な賦形剤としては、例えば、アミノ酸、デンプン、グルコース、乳糖、ショ糖、ゼラチン、麦芽、コメ、小麦粉、チョーク、シリカゲル、ステアリン酸ナトリウム、モノステアリン酸グリセロール、タルク、塩化ナトリウム、乾燥スキムミルク、グリセロール、プロピレン、グリコール、水、エタノールなどがある。組成物は、所望の場合、微量の湿展剤若しくは乳化剤、又はpH緩衝剤も含んでいてよい。これらの組成物は、液剤、懸濁液剤、乳濁液剤、錠剤、丸剤、カプセル剤、散剤、徐放性製剤などの形態をとり得る。適切な医薬担体の例は、E.W. Martinにより「Remington′s Pharmaceutical Sciences」に記載されている。そのような組成物は代表的には、患者への適切な投与のための形を与えるための、適切な量の担体とともに、代表的には精製された形の治療上有効な量のタンパク質を含む。製剤は、投与方法に対応する。
(実施例)
本試験では、工業的に関連するチャイニーズハムスター卵巣(CHO)細胞系を用いた。細胞系は、ジヒドロ葉酸マイナス(dhfr-)CHO宿主(Urlaub G, Chasin LA, Isolation of Chinese hamster cell mutants deficient in dihydrofolate reductase activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77:4216-4220, 1980)由来であった。工業標準的特許取得既知組成培地を用い、振盪フラスコ中で細胞を培養及び維持した。振盪フラスコ培養条件は、規模拡大及び培養終了を通じて37℃、5%CO2であった。細胞の培養には、工業標準的特許取得基礎培地及び流加培地を用いた。培養物には、可変の供給体積を加えた。培養を通じて、グルコース濃度を維持した。
2FFの消費率(積分細胞面積(ICA)にわたる2FF濃度の比、生存細胞密度曲線下の面積)を、調べる濃度範囲で推算した。%非フコシル化を、[2FF濃度]/ICAに対してプロットして、複数の細胞系に関して非フコシル化についての単一飽和曲線を形成した(図1B参照)。この曲線は、複数の細胞系横断的な非フコシル化の予測を一元化するものである。この曲線をミカエリス・メンテン動力学式に当てはめて、その式における定数を決定した。
本試験では、工業的に妥当なチャイニーズハムスター卵巣(CHO)細胞系を用いた。細胞系は、ジヒドロ葉酸マイナス(dhfr-)CHO宿主(Urlaub G, Chasin LA, Isolation of Chinese hamster cell mutants deficient in dihydrofolate reductase activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77:4216-4220, 1980)由来であった。工業標準的特許取得既知組成培地を用い、振盪フラスコ中で細胞を培養及び維持した。振盪フラスコ培養条件は、規模拡大及び培養終了を通じて37℃、5%CO2であった。細胞の培養には、工業標準的特許取得基礎培地及び流加培地を用い、培養物には、可変の供給体積を加えた。培養を通じて、グルコース濃度を維持した。
非フコシル化に対するフコシル化阻害剤2FF添加のタイミングの効果を、異なる抗体を産生する二つの工業的に関連するCHO細胞系(細胞系A及び細胞系B)を用いて調べた。図2Aに示したように、前記二つの細胞系についての抗体産生曲線は異なる動力学を有する。2FFを、100mM原液から細胞培地に加えて、100μMの最終濃度に到達させた。添加は、培養プロセスの第0日及又は第3日に行った。培養終了後、細胞培養溶液を回収し、遠心し、タンパク質Aクロマトグラフィー法を用いて精製した。実施例1に記載のHILICアッセイを用いて、非フコシル化レベルについてサンプルを分析した。第3日までに抗体のかなりの割合を生じた細胞系Aにおいて、部分非フコシル化が観察され(図2B)、それとは異なり、細胞系B(図2C)では、第3日までに最終日抗体力価のあまり多くの割合を生じなかった。この経験的モデルは、抗体産生曲線が既知である場合に特定の細胞系についての非フコシル化の推算を可能とするものである。
Claims (42)
- 抗体又は抗体誘導体の非フコシル化レベルを制御する方法であって、
(a)所定量のフコシル化阻害剤(Ap)の存在下に培地中で宿主細胞を培養すること[当該宿主細胞は、糖鎖の還元末端のN-アセチルグルコサミンを介してFcドメインに結合した少なくとも一つの複合型N-グリコシド結合型糖鎖を有するFcドメインを有する抗体又は抗体誘導体を発現する。];
(b)抗体又は抗体誘導体を単離することを含み、
Apは、(b)の単離された抗体又は抗体誘導体の非フコシル化のレベルが標的レベルの非フコシル化からの最大偏差を超えない非フコシル化レベルを有するように事前に決定される、方法。 - 前記抗体又は抗体誘導体が培養完了時に単離される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- Apを決定することをさらに含む、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- Apが、入力として複数の異なるフコシル化阻害剤量及び培養物中の宿主細胞の細胞増殖パラメータを用い、出力として単離された抗体又は抗体誘導体のフコシル化レベルを用いて生成された予測モデルに基づいて決定される、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記予測モデルが、入力として前記細胞増殖パラメータに対して正規化されたフコシル化阻害剤量を用いて生成される、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞増殖パラメータが積分細胞面積(ICA)である、請求項4又は5に記載の方法。
- 前記予測モデルを生成することをさらに含む、請求項4~6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記フコシル化阻害剤がフコース類縁体である、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記フコース類縁体が、2-フルオロフコース(2FF)、式Iの化合物、又は式IIの化合物である、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記フコース類縁体が2FFである、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 非フコシル化の標的レベルが、
(a)約100%~約90%;
(b)約90%~約80%;
(c)約80%~約70%;
(d)約70%~約60%;
(e)約60%~約50%;
(f)約50%~約40%;
(g)約40%~約30%;
(h)約30%~約20%;
(i)約20%~約10%;又は
(j)約10%~約0%
である、請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 非フコシル化の標的レベルが、
(a)約80%より高く;
(b)約60%より高く;
(c)約40%より高く;
(d)約20%より高く;
(e)約10%より高く;又は
(f)約5%より高い、
請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 非フコシル化の標的レベルからの最大偏差が最大10%である、請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 非フコシル化の標的レベルからの最大偏差が最大5%である、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 抗体又は抗体誘導体の非フコシル化レベルを制御する方法であって、
(a)宿主細胞を培地で培養すること[当該宿主細胞は、糖鎖の還元末端のN-アセチルグルコサミンを介してFcドメインに結合した少なくとも一つの複合型N-グリコシド結合型糖鎖を有するFcドメインを有する抗体又は抗体誘導体を発現する。];
(b)培養中の所定時間(Tp)で培地に飽和量のフコシル化阻害剤を加えること[前記飽和量のフコシル化阻害剤により、培養d0で加えた時に少なくとも約95%非フコシル化を生じる。];及び
(c)前記抗体又は抗体誘導体を単離すること
を含み、
Tpが、(c)の単離された抗体又は抗体誘導体の非フコシル化レベルが非フコシル化の標的レベルからの最大偏差を超えない非フコシル化レベルを有するように予め決定される、方法。 - 前記抗体又は抗体誘導体を培養完了時に単離する、請求項15に記載の方法。
- Tpを決定することをさらに含む、請求項15又は16に記載の方法。
- Tpが、入力として培養における複数の異なる飽和フコシル化阻害剤添加時点での培養物中の抗体又は抗体誘導体の力価を用い、出力として単離された抗体又は抗体誘導体の非フコシル化レベルを用いて生成される予測モデルに基づいて決定される、請求項15~17のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記予測モデルを生成することをさらに含む、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記フコシル化阻害剤がフコース類縁体である、請求項15~19のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記フコース類縁体が2FF、式Iの化合物、又は式IIの化合物である、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記フコース類縁体が2FFである、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 非フコシル化の標的レベルが、
(a)約100%~約90%;
(b)約90%~約80%;
(c)約80%~約70%;
(d)約70%~約60%;
(e)約60%~約50%;
(f)約50%~約40%;
(g)約40%~約30%;
(h)約30%~約20%;
(i)約20%~約10%;又は
(j)約10%~約0%
である、請求項15~22のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 非フコシル化の標的レベルが、
(a)約80%より高く;
(b)約60%より高く;
(c)約40%より高く;
(d)約20%より高く;
(e)約10%より高く;又は
(f)約5%より高い、
請求項15~22のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 非フコシル化の標的レベルからの最大偏差が最大10%である、請求項15~24のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 非フコシル化の標的レベルからの最大偏差が最大5%である、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記宿主細胞が組換え宿主細胞である、請求項1~26のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記宿主細胞がチャイニーズハムスター卵巣(CHO)細胞である、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 前記宿主細胞がハイブリドーマである、請求項1~26のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記宿主細胞が流加培養で増殖される、請求項1~29のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記宿主細胞が連続供給培養で増殖される、請求項1~29のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記培地が少なくとも100リットルの体積を有する、請求項1~31のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記培地が少なくとも500リットルの体積を有する、請求項32に記載の方法。
- 前記培地が動物タンパク質不含培地である、請求項1~33のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記抗体又は抗体誘導体の単離が前記細胞及び/又は前記培地から抗体又は抗体誘導体を単離することを含む、請求項1~34のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記抗体又は抗体誘導体の単離がタンパク質Aカラムを用いることを含む、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 塩基抗体又は抗体誘導体の単離がカチオン若しくはアニオン交換カラム又は疎水性相互作用カラムを用いることを含む、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記抗体又は抗体誘導体がインタクト抗体である、請求項1~37のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記インタクト抗体がIgG1抗体である、請求項38に記載の方法。
- 前記抗体又は抗体誘導体が一本鎖抗体である、請求項1~37のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記抗体又は抗体誘導体が、重鎖可変領域、軽鎖可変領域、及びFc領域を含む、請求項1~37のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記抗体又は抗体誘導体が非免疫グロブリンタンパク質の抗体Fc領域及びリガンド結合ドメインを含む抗体誘導体である、請求項1~37のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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