JP2022512596A - 触媒粒子を含むフィルムの存在下で流体相で化学反応を実施するための方法 - Google Patents
触媒粒子を含むフィルムの存在下で流体相で化学反応を実施するための方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006384 oligomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005548 perfluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000172 poly(styrenesulfonic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940005642 polystyrene sulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006462 rearrangement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003319 supportive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003623 transition metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungstate Chemical compound [O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000785 ultra high molecular weight polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002371 ultraviolet--visible spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、化学反応器内で化学反応を実施するための方法に関する。この方法は、1~80個の炭素原子を含む有機化合物である、少なくとも1種の出発物質を、流体相中で、該化学反応を触媒する固体触媒粒子を含み、かつ、フィブリル化した形態の有機ポリマーを含むフィルムの存在下で、少なくとも1種の反応生成物に変換させる方法であって、ここで、流体相の総質量に基づく、出発物質と反応生成物との合計の質量分率が0.01~1の範囲にある、方法である。
気孔率(%)=100-[(フィルム/フィルム材料の密度)×100]
フィルムの密度は、該フィルムの総質量をその総体積で割ることによって求める。フィルム材料の密度は、水銀の細孔容積とヘリウム密度を測定することによって決定する。
a)固体触媒粒子と少なくとも1種のフィブリル化可能な有機ポリマーとを含む混合物を調製する工程段階、
b)工程段階a)で調製した混合物に剪断力と圧力とを加えることにより、有機ポリマーをフィブリル化する工程段階、
c)工程段階b)で得た混合物をフィルム形成工程によってフィルムに変換する工程段階、及び
d)必要に応じて、工程段階c)で得た一次形成フィルムをさらに調整する工程段階
を備える方法によって調製することが好ましい。
3種の触媒粉末(活性炭上に5%Pd)を固体触媒粒子として使用した。全ての触媒は、BASF社が供給するものであって、ニトロベンゼンをアニリンに水素化するためのものである。これら3種の粉末は、ここでは、S1、S2、S3として示すが、商業的にも生産されている。3つの触媒は触媒活性の点で異なる。
ニトロベンゼン(NB)のアニリンへの水素化を、触媒系についてのテスト反応として選んだ。
当初の触媒粉末での、及び、フィブリル化形態のPTFEと固体触媒粒子を含むフィルム内での、物質移動/拡散現象を評価するために、60ミリリットルの回分式反応器を使用した。オートクレーブには、磁気結合型スターラーとストリームブレーカー(stream-breaker)が搭載されており、良好な混合が可能となり、気液の物質移動の制限が最小限に抑えられる。速度論的(kinetic)研究を行うため、以下の手順を開発した。触媒粉末(Pd/C)、溶媒(メタノール)、及び水素をオートクレーブ(5barg)に供給し、ニトロベンゼン溶液をチャージャ(投入装置)に入れた。オートクレーブは所望の温度に安定化させた。投入装置のバルブを開いた時点t0に反応を開始し、ニトロベンゼンを反応器に入れた(最終ニトロベンゼン濃度0.03molL-1)。反応の水素消費量は、オートクレーブ内の圧力の時間に対する変化を記録することによって計算する。これが分かったら、消費された水素モルとニトロベンゼン濃度の変動を計算する。反応速度は、Pd質量に対して正規化された変換ニトロベンゼンのmols-1として報告する。アレニウスプロットと有効係数を使用して、当該粉末と、フィブリル化形態のPTFE及び固体触媒粒子を含むフィルムとを-8℃~20℃の温度範囲(触媒粉末についてのデータを速度論的レジーム(regime)で得た範囲)で比較した。この研究では、有効係数(η)については、フィルムで観察された反応速度と当該粉末の反応速度との比率として定義する。
上記のようにフィブリル化形態のPTFEと固体触媒粒子としてPd/Cとを含むフィルムを、100μl(マイクロリットル)マイクロリアクター(マイクロ反応器)のマイクロチャネルに固定化し、連続モードで試験を実施した。フィルムF1をマイクロ構造に挿入するには、フィルムを軽くプレスしてチャネルの壁の1つを構成させることにより行った(図5)。経時的な触媒性能を観察するための試験反応として、ニトロベンゼンの水素化を採用した。
下記の事項について評価する目的でオートクレーブ中で追加実験を行った。
-高温(180℃)及びPd浸出に対するフィルムの耐性
-触媒性能に対するバインダー量の影響
-連続バッチ反応における固体触媒粒子を含むフィルムの再利用性
フィルム(低活性触媒、100μm)を180℃で3時間メタノールにさらした後、オートクレーブを冷却し、20℃で反応を行った。同じ手順を、同じ方法で処理した粉末触媒サンプルに適用した。
同じフィルムF3(低活性触媒、100μm)を使用して、一連の繰り返し反応を行った。4つの実験をセットとした場合、その活性は、最初の実験と比較して、2番目の実験で90%、3番目の実験で75%、4番目の実験で59%に減少する。粉末を用いた予備実験では、粉末も不活性化の影響を受けることが示唆された。結論として、不活性化プロセスは、触媒粉末の性質に起因し、フィブリル化形態のPTFE及び固体触媒粒子としてのPd/Cを含むフィルムの特定の固定化には起因しない。
d50が9μmでBET表面が3.3m2/gの遷移金属炭酸塩粒子(90%)とd50が400μmのPTFE粒子(10%)の例で、触媒フィブリル化フィルムの機械的安定性を調査する追加の実験を実施した。
Claims (10)
- 化学反応器内で化学反応を実施するための方法であって、1~80個の炭素原子を含む有機化合物である、少なくとも1種の出発物質を、流体相で、該化学反応を触媒する固体触媒粒子を含み、かつ、フィブリル化した形態の有機ポリマーを含むフィルムの存在下で、少なくとも1種の反応生成物に変換する方法であり、ここで、該フィルムが、固体触媒粒子及びフィブリル化した形態の有機ポリマーを含む少なくとも1つの層を備えており、該層の総質量に基づいて、該層中のフィブリル化した形態の有機ポリマーの質量分率が0.06~0.2の範囲であり、該層中の固体触媒粒子の質量分率が0.8~0.94の範囲であり、該有機ポリマーがフルオロポリマーであり、ここで、該流体相の総質量に基づく、該出発物質及び該反応生成物の合計の質量分率が0.01~1の範囲にあることを特徴とする方法。
- 前記化学反応が、酸化、還元、置換、付加、脱離、及び転位からなる化学反応の群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記化学反応を-78℃から350℃の範囲の温度で実施する、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記化学反応器が、管状反応器、断熱反応器、多管式反応器及びマイクロ反応器からなる反応器の群から選択される固定床反応器である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記流体相が液相である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記固体触媒粒子の粒子径d50が0.1~1000μmの範囲にある、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記フィルムの厚さが0.1μm~20000μmの範囲にある、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 固体触媒粒子及びフィブリル化した形態の有機ポリマーを含む層の厚さが1μm~200μmの範囲にある、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記フィルムが、組成が異なる、少なくとも2つの層を備えており、該フィルムの2つの外側層の少なくとも1つが、固体触媒粒子及びフィブリル化した形態の有機ポリマーを含む層である、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記フィルムの少なくとも一部が5~70%の気孔率をもたらす、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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EP (1) | EP3860757A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2022512596A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20210066895A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN112789106A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2020069972A1 (ja) |
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KR20210066895A (ko) | 2021-06-07 |
EP3860757A1 (en) | 2021-08-11 |
US20210379565A1 (en) | 2021-12-09 |
WO2020069972A1 (en) | 2020-04-09 |
CN112789106A (zh) | 2021-05-11 |
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