JP2022504036A - 大うつ病性障害を治療するためのエスケタミンの投与計画 - Google Patents
大うつ病性障害を治療するためのエスケタミンの投与計画 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2018年10月5日に出願された米国仮出願第62/741,562号および2019年6月27日に出願された第62/867,354号、および2018年11月19日に出願されたWO国際出願PCT/IB2018/059107の利益を主張し、それぞれの全体は参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
本開示は、エスケタミンの安全かつ効果的な投与のための方法を提供する。
・任意の水素原子または水素原子団は、水素の同位体、すなわち重水素と適切に置き換えられることができ、
・任意の炭素原子または炭素原子団は、炭素の同位体、すなわち13Cと適切に置き換えられることができ、
・任意の窒素原子または窒素原子団は、窒素の同位体、すなわち15Nと適切に置き換えられることができる。
実施例1a:エスケタミン
エスケタミンの染色体異常誘発能は、誘発された代謝活性化系(Aroclor-1254に曝露されたラット由来の肝臓ホモジネートの9000g上清¥[S9]ミクロソーム分画)の非存在下および存在下の両方で、ヒト末梢血リンパ球(HPBL)を使用したin vitro哺乳類染色体異常試験で評価した。染色体異常誘発性を中期のHPBLの顕微鏡検査によって評価し、数的染色体異常および/または構造的染色体異常を有する中期細胞の有糸分裂指数(MI)および割合を決定した。
(S)-ノルケタミンの染色体異常誘発能は、誘発された代謝活性化系(フェノバルビタール/5,6-ベンゾフラボンに暴露されたラット由来の肝臓ホモジネートの9000g上清¥[S9]ミクロソーム分画)の非存在下および存在下の両方で、ヒト末梢血リンパ球(HPBL)を使用したin vitro哺乳類染色体異常試験で評価した。染色体異常誘発性を中期のHPBLの顕微鏡検査によって評価し、数的染色体異常および/または構造的染色体異常を有する中期細胞の割合を決定した。
肝臓でDNA鎖切断を誘発するエスケタミンの可能性、およびCrl:CD(SD)ラットの骨髄細胞で小核を誘発する可能性を評価する。動物をエスケタミンで3回経口投与し、2回目の投与は1回目の投与の約24時間後に投与し、3回目の投与は2回目の投与の約21時間後、試料採取の3時間前に投与した。すべての動物に、10mL/kgの投与量を用いて強制経口投与により経口投与した。
この試験の目的は、強制経口投与によりSprague Dawleyラットに28日間経口投与した場合の、エスケタミンの潜在的な毒性、神経行動学的影響、および毒性動態(TK)を評価し、14日間の無薬物期間中の回復を評価することであった。50匹の雄と50匹の雌のラットをランダムに4つの群(15匹/雌雄の別/群1と4;10匹/雌雄の別/群2と3)に分けた。エスケタミンを、10mL/kgの投与量で、0(ビヒクル対照)、6、10または30mg/kg/日で雄に、および0(ビヒクル対照)、2、10または20mg/kg/日で雌に28日間連続して1日1回強制経口投与した。29日目(10匹/雌雄の別/群)または43日目(群1および4から5匹/雌雄の別)に安楽死させて剖検するまで動物を観察した。毒性を、死亡率、臨床観察、体重、摂餌量、眼科、運動活性、機能観察バッテリー、臨床病理学(臨床化学、血液学、凝血および検尿)、臓器重量、解剖学的(肉眼的または顕微鏡的)病理学に基づいて評価した。毒性動態分析のために、毒性動態評価用動物(3匹/雌雄の別/群1;6/雌雄の別/群2、3、および4)に同様に投与し、1日目と4週目に採血した。
Sprague Dawleyラットに強制経口投与したエスケタミンの104週間の発がん性試験を行い、発がん可能性を評価し、エスケタミンの毒物動態を決定する。
6~7週齢の雄のSprague Dawleyラットの群に、腹腔内注射によってエスケタミンを投与し、強制水泳試験によって行動の断念を評価した。10匹のコホートの動物に、15mg/kgのエスケタミンの単回投与か、7.5もしくは15mg/kgのエスケタミンのいずれかの1日7回の投与、またはビヒクル対照を投与し、投与の30分後に試験を実施した。統計的評価を、通常の一元配置分散分析、t検定、および未修正のフィッシャーのLSD比較検定を使用して行った。
16名の健康な男性および女性の被験者を対象としたランダム化非盲検4方向クロスオーバー試験を実施し、被験者をランダムに割り当てた順序で配置し、エスケタミンを投与した。4名の被験者が各治療シーケンスに割り当てられるように、各被験者をランダム化コードに従って4つの治療シーケンスのうちの1つに割り当てた。経口または静脈内のエスケタミン塩酸塩のいずれからなる用量での投与期間の間に少なくとも7日間のウォッシュアウト期間があった。この試験は、28日間の適格性スクリーニング期間、エスケタミン塩酸塩の単回投与、続いて試験薬投与後72時間までのPK目的の採血による安全性評価を含む4つの試験期間、試験薬投与後72時間での退院、および4日目に最後のPK血液試料を採取してから7~14日後のフォローアップ訪問からなっていた。
エスケタミン塩酸塩の経口投与剤形は、参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み込まれるWO2016094358に記載された手順に従って製造された。
フェーズII、用量範囲の検索、国際共同、二重ランダム化、二重盲検、プラセボ対照試験では、抗うつ療法に不十分な反応を示す204名のMDD被験者を対象に、1日1回の10、20、または40mg経口エスケタミンの有効性、安全性、忍容性をプラセボ治療と比較する。すべての被験者は、試験中に用量を変更することなく、現在の抗うつ薬を維持する。
Claims (32)
- 治療を必要とするヒト患者における大うつ病性障害(MDD)を治療する方法であって、少なくとも28日間の治療計画にわたって約5mg~約40mgの間のエスケタミンを含む経口投与剤形を前記患者に経口投与することを含む方法。
- 前記経口投与剤形が約5mgのエスケタミンを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記経口投与剤形が約10mgのエスケタミンを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記経口投与剤形が約20mgのエスケタミンを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記経口投与剤形が約30mgのエスケタミンを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記経口投与剤形が約40mgのエスケタミンを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記治療計画が28日~約730日の間である、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記治療計画が28日~約365日の間である、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記投与が前記治療計画にわたり少なくとも1日1回である、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記投与が前記治療計画にわたり1日1回である、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記投与が前記治療計画にわたり断続的である、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記投与が前記治療計画の1日おきに1回~月に1回である、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記投与が週に2回である、請求項11に記載の投与。
- 前記投与が週に1回である、請求項11に記載の投与。
- 前記投与が月に1回である、請求項11に記載の投与。
- 前記投与の頻度が前記治療計画にわたり異なる、請求項11に記載の投与。
- (R)-ケタミン以外の第2の薬物の投与をさらに含む、請求項1~16のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の薬物が、抗うつ薬、抗うつ薬、または抗不安薬である、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記抗うつ薬が、フルオキセチン、セルトラリン、パロキセチン、シタロプラム、エスシタロプラム、ベンラファキシン、デスベンラファキシン、デュロキセチン、およびフルボキサミンからなる群から選択される、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記投与の前記エスケタミンCmaxが30ng/ml以下である、請求項1~19のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記投与の前記エスケタミンAUC0-tが60ng*h/ml以下である、請求項1~20のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記投与の前記エスケタミンCmaxが30ng/ml以下であり、前記投与の前記エスケタミンAUC0-tが60ng*h/ml以下である、請求項1~21のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記投与の前記エスケタミンCmaxが15ng/ml以下である、請求項1~22のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記投与の前記エスケタミンAUC0-tが30ng*h/ml以下である、請求項1~23のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記投与の前記エスケタミンCmaxが15ng/ml以下であり、前記投与の前記エスケタミンAUC0-tが30ng*h/ml以下である、請求項1~24のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記エスケタミンがエスケタミン塩酸塩である、請求項1~25のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 治療を必要とするヒト患者における大うつ病性障害を治療する方法であって、前記患者に剤形を経口投与することを含み、前記剤形が150ng*h/ml以下の(S)-ノルケタミンCmaxをもたらす、方法。
- 治療を必要とするヒト患者における大うつ病性障害を治療する方法であって、前記患者に剤形を経口投与することを含み、前記剤形が850ng*h/ml以下の(S)-ノルケタミンAUC0-tをもたらす、方法。
- 治療を必要とするヒト患者における大うつ病性障害を治療する方法であって、前記患者に剤形を経口投与することを含み、前記剤形が150ng*h/ml以下の(S)-ノルケタミンCmaxおよび850ng*h/ml以下の(S)-ノルケタミンAUC0-tをもたらす、方法。
- 治療を必要とするヒト患者における大うつ病性障害を治療する方法であって、前記患者に剤形を経口投与することを含み、前記剤形が75ng*h/ml以下の(2S、6S)-OH-ノルケタミンCmaxをもたらす、方法。
- 治療を必要とするヒト患者における大うつ病性障害を治療する方法であって、前記患者に剤形を経口投与することを含み、前記剤形が850ng*h/ml以下の(2S、6S)-OH-ノルケタミンAUC0-tをもたらす、方法。
- 治療を必要とするヒト患者における大うつ病性障害を治療する方法であって、前記患者に剤形を経口投与することを含み、前記剤形が75ng*h/ml以下の(2S、6S)-OH-ノルケタミンCmaxおよび850ng*h/ml以下の(2S、6S)-OH-ノルケタミンAUC0-tをもたらす、方法。
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