JP2022172254A - 円すいころ軸受 - Google Patents
円すいころ軸受 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2022172254A JP2022172254A JP2022138103A JP2022138103A JP2022172254A JP 2022172254 A JP2022172254 A JP 2022172254A JP 2022138103 A JP2022138103 A JP 2022138103A JP 2022138103 A JP2022138103 A JP 2022138103A JP 2022172254 A JP2022172254 A JP 2022172254A
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- tapered roller
- inner ring
- curvature
- radius
- tapered
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- 241001001781 Citrus karna Species 0.000 description 1
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Images
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
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- F16C33/583—Details of specific parts of races
- F16C33/585—Details of specific parts of races of raceways, e.g. ribs to guide the rollers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
- F16C19/34—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load
- F16C19/36—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with a single row of rollers
- F16C19/364—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with a single row of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/34—Rollers; Needles
- F16C33/36—Rollers; Needles with bearing-surfaces other than cylindrical, e.g. tapered; with grooves in the bearing surfaces
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- F16C33/366—Tapered rollers, i.e. rollers generally shaped as truncated cones
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- F16C19/548—Systems with spaced apart rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing with two angular contact rolling bearings in O-arrangement
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- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/86—Optimisation of rolling resistance, e.g. weight reduction
Abstract
Description
(1)RBASEが100mm以下の小型の部類に属する円すいころ軸受では、これに使用する円すいころが必然的に小さくなり、円すいころの大端面の設定曲率半径Rが小さく、つば部面圧が大きくなりやすい。加えて、加工面が小さくなることから、大型の円すいころと比較して加工条件の影響を受けやすく、円すいころの大端面の設定曲率半径と加工後の実曲率半径との比の大小により、敏感につば部面圧に影響することが判明した。
(2)RBASEが100mm以下の小型の部類に属する円すいころ軸受では、円すいころが小さいので、スキューの問題は緩和される。
(3)その結果、RBASEが100mm以下の小型の部類に属する円すいころ軸受では、R/RBASEの範囲と、設定曲率半径と加工後の実曲率半径の比の範囲の両方の範囲を適正に設定することが不可欠であるという新たな着想に至った。
(1)RBASEが100mm以下の小型の部類に属する円すいころ軸受では、これに使用する円すいころが必然的に小さくなり、円すいころの大端面の設定曲率半径Rが小さく、つば部面圧が大きくなりやすい。加えて、加工面が小さくなることから、大型の円すいころと比較して加工条件の影響を受けやすく、円すいころの大端面の設定曲率半径Rと加工後の実曲率半径RACTUALとの比の大小により、敏感につば部面圧に影響することが判明した。
(2)RBASEが100mm以下の小型の部類に属する円すいころ軸受では、円すいころが小さいので、スキューの問題は緩和される。
(3)その結果、RBASEが100mm以下の小型の部類に属する円すいころ軸受では、設定曲率半径Rと円すいころの円錐角の頂点から前記内輪の大つば面までの基本曲率半径RBASEとの比R/RBASEの範囲と、設定曲率半径Rと加工後の実曲率半径RACTUALの比RACTUAL/Rの範囲の双方の範囲を適正に設定することが不可欠であるという新たな着想に至った。
<検討条件>
〔軸受仕様〕・RBASE=100mm:型番4T-30302(内径φ15mm、外径φ42mm、幅14.25mm)
・RBASE=80mm:型番4T-30203(内径φ17mm、外径φ40mm、幅13.25mm)
・RBASE=60mm:型番4T-30305D(内径φ25mm、外径φ62mm、幅18.25mm)
〔潤滑油〕:タービン油ISO粘度グレード VG32
×:ころ大端面Rが小さ過ぎつば面圧大のため、安定した油膜形成能力が得られず、現状 使用条件(極めて厳しい潤滑条件)では、大つば部が急昇温する場合もあるため総合評 価×となる。
△:ころ大端面Rが比較的小さくつば部面圧も高い。しかし、現状使用条件では使用範囲 内と言える。但し、余裕代が少ないため、総合評価△となる。
○:大つば部に安定した油膜が形成され使用上問題なく運転可能、よって総合評価〇となる。
図11に示す円すいころ14における窒素富化層14Bの深さ、すなわち、窒素富化層14Bの最表面から窒素富化層14Bの底部までの距離は、0.2mm以上となっている。具体的には、端面チャンファ14eとクラウニング部16cとの境界点である第1測定点31、小端面14aから距離Wが1.5mmの位置である第2測定点32、円すいころ14の転動面16の中央である第3測定点33において、それぞれの位置での窒素富化層14Bの深さT1、T2、T3が0.2mm以上となっている。ここで、窒素富化層14Bの深さとは、円すいころ14の中心線26に直交すると共に外周側に向かう径方向における窒素富化層14Bの厚さを意味する。なお、窒素富化層14Bの深さT1、T2、T3の値は、端面チャンファ14d、14eの形状やサイズ、さらに窒素富化層14Bを形成する処理および仕上げ加工の条件などのプロセス条件に応じて適宜変更可能である。
図13に、本実施形態に係る円すいころ軸受の軸受構成部品の窒素富化層におけるミクロ組織を示す。本実施形態では窒素富化層における旧オーステナイト結晶粒径はJIS規格の粒度番号が10以上となっており、従来の一般的な焼入れ加工品と比べて十分に微細化されている。具体的には、本実施形態の窒素富化層におけるミクロ組織では旧オーステナイト結晶粒の粒径が、図17に示す従来の焼入れ方法によるミクロ組織と比較して2分の1以下とすることができる。これにより、転動疲労に対して長寿命であり、割れ強度を向上させ、経年寸法変化率も減少させることができる。
[最表面から窒素富化層の底部までの距離の測定方法]
内輪12および外輪13については、上記の窒素濃度の測定方法において測定対象とした断面につき、表面から深さ方向に硬度分布を測定する。測定装置としてビッカース硬さ測定機を用いることができる。内輪12および外輪13について、深さ方向に並ぶ複数の測定点、例えば、0.5mm間隔に配置された測定点において硬度測定を実施する。そして、ビッカース硬さがHV450以上の領域を窒素富化層とする。
旧オーステナイト結晶粒径の測定方法は、JIS規格G0551:2013に規定された方法を用いる。測定を行う断面は、窒素富化層の底部までの距離の測定方法において測定した断面とする。
12 内輪
12B 窒素富化層
12a 軌道面
12b 小つば部
12c 大つば部
12d 小つば面
12e 大つば面
12h 逃げ面
13 外輪
13B 窒素富化層
13a 軌道面
14 円すいころ
14B 窒素部化層
14a 小端面
14b 大端面
15 保持器
16 転動面
16a ストレート部
16b クラウニング部
16c クラウニング部
22A クラウニング
24A クラウニング
LG 有効軌道面幅
LW 有効転動面幅
Ov 頂点
R 設定曲率半径
RACTUAL 実曲率半径
RBASE 基本曲率半径
T1 窒素富化層の深さ
T2 窒素富化層の深さ
T3 窒素富化層の深さ
Claims (10)
- 内周に円錐状の軌道面を有する外輪と、
外周に円錐状の軌道面を有し、この軌道面の大径側に大つば面が設けられた内輪と、
前記両軌道面間に転動自在に配列された複数の円すいころと、
前記円すいころを収容する保持器とを備え、
軸受使用時に前記円すいころの大端面が前記内輪の大つば面に接触して案内される円すいころ軸受において、
前記円すいころの大端面の設定曲率半径をR、前記円すいころの円錐角の頂点から前記内輪の大つば面までの基本曲率半径をRBASEとしたとき、前記基本曲率半径RBASEが100mm以下のものであって、
前記設定曲率半径Rと前記基本曲率半径RBASEとの比率R/RBASEを0.90以下とすると共に、
前記内輪の大つば面と接触する前記円すいころの大端面は、ころ中心線を中心とした環状で、かつ前記円すいころの縦断面において前記設定曲率半径Rよりも小さい曲率半径を有する円弧状であり、前記縦断面に現れる二つの円弧状の大端面は、互いに異なる位置に曲率中心を備え、
前記内輪の大つば面と接触する前記円すいころの大端面の実曲率半径をRACTUALとしたとき、前記実曲率半径RACTUALと前記設定曲率半径Rとの比率RACTUAL/Rが0.5を超える値であることを特徴とする円すいころ軸受。 - 前記設定曲率半径Rと前記基本曲率半径RBASEとの比率R/RBASEを0.70~0.90の範囲としたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の円すいころ軸受。
- 前記内輪の大つば面と接触する前記円すいころの大端面および前記内輪の大つば面が、超仕上げ加工面であることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の円すいころ軸受。
- 前記内輪の大つば面に逃げ面が形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の円すいころ軸受。
- 前記内輪の軌道面および前記外輪の軌道面は、ストレート形状又は緩やかな円弧のフルクラウニング形状とし、
前記円すいころの転動面は、対数クラウニング形状であることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の円すいころ軸受。 - 前記内輪、前記外輪および前記円すいころの少なくとも一つが、窒素富化層を有し、かつ、窒素富化層の深さが0.2mm以上であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の円すいころ軸受。
- 前記内輪、前記外輪および前記円すいころの少なくとも一つが、窒素富化層を有し、かつ、前記窒素富化層におけるオーステナイト結晶粒の粒度番号が10番を超える範囲にあることを特徴とする請求項5又は請求項6に記載の円すいころ軸受。
- 自動車に用いられる請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の円すいころ軸受。
- 前記円すいころ軸受の用途が自動車のトランスミッション又はデファレンシャルであることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の円すいころ軸受。
- 前記実曲率半径は、前記円すいころの縦断面において、前記大端面と端面チャンファとの接続点と、前記大端面と逃げ部との接続点と、前記両接続点の中点とからなる3点を通る円弧曲線半径として規定され、前記大端面と逃げ部との接触点が、前記内輪の大つば部の外径より半径方向内側に位置する請求項1~9いずれか一項に記載の円すいころ軸受。
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