JP2022166793A - フィトケミカル組成物 - Google Patents
フィトケミカル組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2022166793A JP2022166793A JP2021106914A JP2021106914A JP2022166793A JP 2022166793 A JP2022166793 A JP 2022166793A JP 2021106914 A JP2021106914 A JP 2021106914A JP 2021106914 A JP2021106914 A JP 2021106914A JP 2022166793 A JP2022166793 A JP 2022166793A
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- JP
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- Prior art keywords
- phytochemical
- phytochemical composition
- oral cavity
- catechins
- composition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 235000017807 phytochemicals Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 187
- 229930000223 plant secondary metabolite Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 187
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- 150000001765 catechin Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 62
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- FYDIRKLRXHXXHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Mumefural Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(=O)OCC1=CC=C(C=O)O1 FYDIRKLRXHXXHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- VFLDPWHFBUODDF-FCXRPNKRSA-N curcumin Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(OC)=CC(\C=C\C(=O)CC(=O)\C=C\C=2C=C(OC)C(O)=CC=2)=C1 VFLDPWHFBUODDF-FCXRPNKRSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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Abstract
Description
すなわち、本発明のフィトケミカル組成物の口腔内装着部位は、持続的なフィトケミカル供給の観点から、30分以上剥離しない場所であれば特に制限はないが、好ましくは口蓋、頬、口腔底、より好ましくは口蓋、頬、更に好ましくは口蓋である。
粘膜付着性高分子を用いて調製した錠剤型のフィトケミカル組成物について、口腔内装着部位を評価した。
抗菌、抗ウイルス作用を有するフィトケミカルとして柿タンニン(柿渋パウダー(アクロシア株式会社))を選択し、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース(HPMC)、カルボキシビニルポリマー(CP)、柿渋をそれぞれ重量比で1.5:0.5:1配合した混合粉末約300mgを直接粉末圧縮法により直径10mmの平錠剤に打錠し、装着試験に供した。
被験者として、15才から70才の男性3人を選んだ。フィトケミカル組成物の口腔内装着試験は、毎回1錠を指先にのせ口腔内の口蓋、頬、口腔底のいずれか1か所に押し付け粘膜に付着させ、1時間後、フィトケミカル組成物の装着状態を評価した。なお、各々の被験者には、口腔内装着試験を装着部位を替えて3回繰り返してもらった。
図1は、実験例1の結果得られた試験開始1時間後の口腔内に付着しているフィトケミカル組成物の典型的な写真であり、図1(A)はフィトケミカル組成物を口蓋に装着させた場合、図1(B)はフィトケミカル組成物を頬に装着させた場合、図1(C)はフィトケミカル組成物を口腔底に装着させた場合をそれぞれ示している。
種々の粘膜付着性高分子を用いて調製した3種類の錠剤型のフィトケミカル組成物1~3について、口腔内装着時間を評価した。
抗菌、抗ウイルス作用を有するフィトケミカルとしてカテキン類(エピガロカテキンガレート:エピガロカテキン=2:1混合物)を選択し、表1の重量比でヒドロキシプロピルセルロース(HPC)、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース(HPMC)、ローカストビーンガムおよびカルボキシビニルポリマー(CP)を配合した混合粉末約300mgを直接粉末圧縮法により直径10mmの平錠剤に打錠した。なお、比較例として、市販のカテキントローチ(口内バリア(登録商標;日新薬品工業株式会社))及びセチルピリジニウム塩化物トローチ(ピタス(登録商標;大鵬薬品工業株式会社))使用した。
被験者として、15才から70才の男性3人、女性2人を選んだ。5人の被験者には、3種類のフィトケミカル組成物の各々につき、毎回1錠を指先にのせ口腔内の口蓋に押し付け粘膜に付着させ、口腔内装着状態と装着時間を評価してもらった。試験中、フィトケミカル組成物の付着後2時間から3時間の間に、各人の日常的な昼食を取ってもらい、また、種類を問わず飲み物の摂取は自由とした。なお、比較例として、5人の被験者にカテキントローチ或いはセチルピリジニウム塩化物トローチを投与し、口腔内での溶解時間を測定した。
図2は、実験例2の結果得られた試験開始6時間後の口腔内に付着しているフィトケミカル組成物の典型的な写真であり、図2(A)はフィトケミカル組成物1を装着させた場合、図2(B)はフィトケミカル組成物2を装着させた場合、図2(C)はフィトケミカル組成物3を装着させた場合をそれぞれ示している。
種々の放出制御基剤を用いて調製した5種類の錠剤型のフィトケミカル組成物4~8について、in vitro溶出試験によりフィトケミカル組成物からのフィトケミカルの放出挙動を評価した。
抗菌、抗ウイルス作用を有するフィトケミカルとしてカテキン類(エピガロカテキンガレート:エピガロカテキン=2:1混合物)を選択し、表2の重量比でヒドロキシプロピルセルロース(HPC)、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース(HPMC)、ローカストビーンガムおよびカルボキシビニルポリマー(CP)を配合した混合粉末約300mgを直接粉末圧縮法により直径10mmの平錠剤に打錠した。なお、比較例として、カテキン粉末約100mgを同様に直径10mmの平錠剤に製して試験に供した。
比較例1及びフィトケミカル組成物4~8からのフィトケミカルの溶出挙動は、試験液に水900mlを用い試験温度37.0±0.5℃で日本薬局方16溶出試験法第2法(パドル法)により評価された。フィトケミカル組成物4~8からのフィトケミカルの放出量は、経時的に試験液5mlをサンプリングし、吸光度測定法により波長274nmの吸光度を測定することにより算出した。
図3は、実験例3の結果得られた比較例1及びフィトケミカル組成物4~8からのカテキン類放出-時間曲線を表し、図3中、上の曲線から比較例1、フィトケミカル組成物4、フィトケミカル組成物5、フィトケミカル組成物6、フィトケミカル組成物7及びフィトケミカル組成物8からのカテキン類の放出率を示している。
種々のフィトケミカルを含有させた7種類の錠剤型のフィトケミカル組成物9a,9b~15について、大腸菌の増殖抑制効果を評価した。
抗菌、抗ウイルス作用を有する種々のフィトケミカル(カテキン類、アリルイソチオシアネート(わさび粉末)、クルクミン(ウコン粉末)、ジンゲロール(ショウガ粉末)、柿タンニン(柿渋粉末)、ムメフラール(梅肉エキス)、ハーブ精油(オレンジスイート))を選択し、表3の重量比でヒドロキシプロピルセルロース(HPC)、カルボキシビニルポリマー(CP)を配合した混合粉末約300mgを直接粉末圧縮法により直径10mmの平錠剤に打錠し、7種類の錠剤型のフィトケミカル組成物9a,9b~15を得た。なお比較例1a,1b,acとして、フィトケミカルを含有させない高分子(HPCとCP)のみから成る直径10mm、重さ約300mgの平錠剤を大腸菌の増殖抑制試験に用いた。
(1)使用菌株
病原体モデルとして、カテキン類に耐性が高いとされるグラム陰性菌の中から大腸菌(E.coli DH5α)を選択した。
(2)使用培地及び使用大腸菌の濃度
大腸菌をLB液体培地にて37℃で振盪培養し、4時間から5時間後に吸光度(OD600)を測定し、OD600=2.2もしくは0.55の生菌100μLをLB寒天平板培地(アズノール滅菌シャーレ、直径90mm)に塗布したものを試験に用いた。
(3)大腸菌の増殖抑制試験
大腸菌の塗布5分後、比較例およびフィトケミカル組成物(錠剤)を寒天培地の上に置き、フィトケミカル組成物からのフィトケミカルの放出を促すために、フィトケミカル組成物の上面にLB液体培地100μlを滴下した。その後、37℃、相対湿度100%のインキュベーター内で14時間放置し、大腸菌の増殖状態を肉眼及び光学顕微鏡で観察した。
図4は、実験例4の結果得られた比較例及びフィトケミカル組成物の大腸菌増殖抑制効果を表し、図4(A)はフィトケミカル組成物9a、9bと比較例1aの結果を、図4(B)はフィトケミカル組成物10、フィトケミカル組成物11、フィトケミカル組成物12および比較例1bの結果を、図4(C)はフィトケミカル組成物13、フィトケミカル組成物14、フィトケミカル組成物15および比較例1cの結果をそれぞれ示している。
種々のフィトケミカルを含有させた錠剤型のフィトケミカル組成物について、口腔内常在菌に対する殺菌効果を評価した。
抗菌、抗ウイルス作用を有するフィトケミカルとして、カテキン類(エピガロカテキンガレート:エピガロカテキン=2:1混合物)、柿タンニン(柿渋粉末)を選択し、表4の重量比でヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース(HPMC)、カルボキシビニルポリマー(CP)を配合した混合粉末約300mgを直接粉末圧縮法により直径10mmの平錠剤に打錠した。
3種類のフィトケミカル組成物の各々につき、毎回1錠を指先にのせ健常被験者の口蓋に付着させた。1時間後、唾液を約1.0ml採取し、3,000rpmで20分間遠心分離した。この上清20μlを4分割したLB寒天平板培地(アズノール滅菌シャーレ、直径90mm)の1/4区画にステンレス製コンラージ棒を使って塗布した。その後、37℃、相対湿度100%のインキュベーター内で14時間放置し、肉眼及び光学顕微鏡下で培地に形成されたコロニー数をカウントし唾液中生菌数を求めた。比較例として、飲食物を摂取していない時の被験者の唾液を用いた。なお、各々の被験者には、フィトケミカル組成物を替えて口腔内殺菌試験を3回繰り返してもらった。
図5は、実験例5の結果得られた比較例2、フィトケミカル組成物16、フィトケミカル組成物17及びフィトケミカル組成物18を口腔内に1時間装着した時の唾液中生菌数を表している。
比較例2の結果から、唾液20μl中にLB寒天平板培地で生育する菌が、30個以上確認された。柿タンニンを含有したフィトケミカル組成物16及びフィトケミカル組成物17では、口腔内常在菌に対してはフィトケミカル組成物装着による殺菌効果は認められなかった。一方、カテキン類を含有したフィトケミカル組成物18では、細菌コロニーが全く観察されず、強い口腔内殺菌作用が示唆された。
カテキン類及び柿タンニンの渋みに及ぼす混合粉砕の影響を調べ、渋み改善法を発明した。
カテキン類(エピガロカテキンガレート:エピガロカテキン=2:1混合粉末)と柿タンニン(柿渋パウダー(アクロシア株式会社))を種々の比率(重量パーセントでカテキン類含量100%、95%、90%、75%、50%、25%、10%、5%、0%)でメノウ乳鉢中に取り、5分間混合粉砕した。これらの混合粉末は、渋み評価試験までシリカゲルデシケーター中で保存された。
被験者として、15才から60才の男性4人、女性4人を選んだ。種々の混合比のカテキン類と柿タンニン混合粉末3mgをパラフィン製の薬包紙に量り取り、被験者に味を評価してもらった。渋みの程度は点数制とし、強い渋みを感じる:1.0点、渋みを感じる:2.0点、わずかに渋みを感じる:3.0点、渋みは感じない:4.0点とした。なお、各試料の評価後、ミネラルウォーターで口をゆすぎ、5分間以上インターバルを取った。
表5は、実験例6の結果得られた種々の混合比で混合粉砕した、カテキン類と柿タンニン粉末に対する渋み評価試験の結果を示している。カテキン類単独の渋みが最も強く、これに柿タンニンを配合することにより、配合量25%まで徐々に渋みが緩和されていくことがわかった。さらに、柿タンニン配合量が、50%以上から95%まで増加することにより、著しい渋みの緩和が認められ、わずかに渋みを感じる程度まで改善された。なお、カテキン類の場合と同様に、柿タンニン単独では渋みが強く、併せて酸味を訴える被験者が多かった。また、渋みの緩和だけではなく、カテキン類と柿タンニン粉末を混合粉砕することにより、粉体粒子の表面改質が起こり混合粉末の流動性が良くなることが分かった。
9a,9b~18:フィトケミカル組成物
Claims (10)
- 口腔内に装着され、フィトケミカルを持続的に放出するフィトケミカル組成物。
- 口腔内に装着させる時間及びフィトケミカル放出時間が、30分以上である請求項1記載のフィトケミカル組成物。
- 粘膜付着性の高分子を用いて口腔内に装着させる請求項1又は請求項2記載のフィトケミカル組成物。
- フィトケミカルが、抗菌かつ/或いは抗ウイルス作用を有する化合物から選ばれる1種又は2種以上である請求項1から3のいずれか1項記載のフィトケミカル組成物。
- フィトケミカルが、カテキン類、カテキン重合体類、柿タンニン、栗タンニン、ムメフラール、5-アミノレブリン酸、アピゲニン、アリルイソチオシアネート、クルクミン、ジンゲロール、ショウガオール、大豆イソフラボン、カプサイシン、サポニン、アリシン、アリイン、メントール、オイゲノール、リモネンから選ばれる1種又は2種以上である請求項1から4のいずれか1項記載のフィトケミカル組成物。
- 口腔内の装着部位が、口蓋、頬、口腔底である請求項1から5のいずれか1項記載のフィトケミカル組成物。
- 持続的に放出されたフィトケミカルが、口腔内において広げられて粘膜を被覆することを特徴とする請求項1から6のいずれか1項記載のフィトケミカル組成物。
- カテキン類或いはカテキン重合体類と柿タンニンを混合粉砕して得られる、または溶媒に溶解後、溶媒を留去して得られる混合物を、セルロースエーテルとアクリル酸重合体の少なくとも一方と混合し製したフィトケミカル組成物。
- 前記カテキン類或いはカテキン重合体類と柿タンニンの混合比が、重量で95:5から5:95の範囲にある請求項8に記載のフィトケミカル組成物。
- キサンタンガム、グアーガム、カラギーナン、ローカストビーンガム、デンプン、エチレングリコール重合体、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリビニルアルコールから選ばれる1種又は2種以上の高分子を添加してなる請求項8または請求項9に記載のフィトケミカル組成物。
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