JP2022148125A - 太陽電池用の積層薄膜の製造方法及び太陽電池の製造方法 - Google Patents
太陽電池用の積層薄膜の製造方法及び太陽電池の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(I) oxide Inorganic materials [Cu]O[Cu] BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cuprous oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Cu+].[Cu+] KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 229940112669 cuprous oxide Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 147
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 66
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- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UBAZGMLMVVQSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide;molecular oxygen Chemical compound O=O.O=C=O UBAZGMLMVVQSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
(第1実施形態)
第1実施形態は、積層薄膜の製造方法と太陽電池と太陽電池の製造方法に関する。積層薄膜は、太陽電池の製造途中の部材であり、基板と、基板上にp電極と、p電極上に亜酸化銅及び/又は亜酸化銅の複合酸化物を主体とする膜を有し、亜酸化銅及び/又は亜酸化銅の複合酸化物を主体とする膜の表面が酸化されている。図1に、第1実施形態の太陽電池100の断面図を示す。図1に示すように、本実施形態に係る太陽電池100は、基板1、第1電極であるp電極2と、p型光吸収層3と、n型層4と、第2電極であるn電極5を有する。n型層4のn電極5との間等には、図示しない中間層が含まれていてもよい。太陽光はn電極5側、p電極2側いずれから入射しても良いが、n電極5側から入射するのがより好ましい。実施形態の太陽電池100は、透過型の太陽電池であるため、多接合型太陽電池のトップセル(光入射側)に用いることが好ましい。図1では基板1をp電極2のp型光吸収層3側とは反対側に設けているが、基板1をn電極5のn型層4側とは反対側に設けてもよい。以下は、図1に示す形態について説明するが、基板1の位置が異なること以外はn電極5側に基板1が設けられた形態も同様である。実施形態の太陽電池100は、n電極5側からp電極2側に向かって光が入射する。
第2実施形態は多接合型太陽電池に関する。図4に第2実施形態の多接合型太陽電池の断面概念図を示す。図6の多接合型太陽電池200は、光入射側に第1実施形態の太陽電池(第1太陽電池)100と、第2太陽電池201を有する。第1太陽電池100は、第1実施形態の太陽電池である。第2太陽電池201の光吸収層のバンドギャップは、第2実施形態の多接合型太陽電池200のp型光吸収層3よりも小さいバンドギャップを有する。なお、実施形態の多接合型太陽電池は、3以上の太陽電池を接合させた太陽電池も含まれる。
第3実施形態は、太陽電池モジュールに関する。図5に第3実施形態の太陽電池モジュール300の斜視図を示す。図5の太陽電池モジュール300は、第1太陽電池モジュール301と第2太陽電池モジュール302を積層した太陽電池モジュールである。第1太陽電池モジュール301は、光入射側であり、第1実施形態の太陽電池100を用いている。第2太陽電池モジュール302には、第2太陽電池201を用いることが好ましい。
第4実施形態は太陽光発電システムに関する。第3実施形態の太陽電池モジュールは、第4実施形態の太陽光発電システムにおいて、発電を行う発電機として用いることができる。実施形態の太陽光発電システムは、太陽電池モジュールを用いて発電を行うものであって、具体的には、発電を行う太陽電池モジュールと、発電した電気を電力変換する手段と、発電した電気をためる蓄電手段又は発電した電気を消費する負荷とを有する。図9に実施形態の太陽光発電システム400の構成図を示す。図7の太陽光発電システムは、太陽電池モジュール401(300)と、コンバーター402と、蓄電池403と、負荷404とを有する。蓄電池403と負荷404は、どちらか一方を省略しても良い。負荷404は、蓄電池403に蓄えられた電気エネルギーを利用することもできる構成にしてもよい。コンバーター402は、DC-DCコンバーター、DC-ACコンバーター、AC-ACコンバーターなど変圧や直流交流変換などの電力変換を行う回路又は素子を含む装置である。コンバーター402の構成は、発電電圧、蓄電池403や負荷404の構成に応じて好適な構成を採用すればよい。
以下、実施例に基づき本発明をより具体的に説明するが、本発明は以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。
ガラス基板上に、裏面側のp電極として、ガラスと接する側に上面にITO(In:Sn=80:20、膜厚20nm)とATO(Sn:Sb=98:2 150μm)を堆積する。透明なp電極上に酸素、アルゴンガス雰囲気中でスパッタリング法により500℃で加熱してCu2O光吸収層を成膜する。その後、Cu2O光吸収層の表面を図10の表に示した条件で一部酸化させる。次いでALD法により、n型層としてGa2.0O3.0を10nm堆積させる。n型層上にn電極としてAZO透明導電膜を堆積する。そして、反射防止膜としてMgF2膜を成膜することで太陽電池を得る。得られた太陽電池について、短絡電流(Jsc)、開放電圧(Voc)、フィルファクター(FF)、変換効率及び透光性を評価する。図10において、酸化処理におけるオゾン分圧(P[Pa])、処理温度(Temp[K])及び処理時間(Time[分])の評価式[240*(1-exp(-0.01*P))*exp(-4175÷8.31÷Temp)*(1-exp(-2*Time))]の値も示している。
実施例2-30は、図10の表に示した条件で酸化させること以外は実施例1と同様に太陽電池を作製する。得られた太陽電池について、短絡電流(Jsc)、開放電圧(Voc)、変換効率及び透光性を評価する。比較例2では、酸化処理を行なっていない。実施例26、27はUVを照射している。実施例30は、空気を導入して全圧を高めている。
n型層としてGa0.8Al0.2O3.00を10nm堆積させること以外は実施例1と同様に太陽電池を作製する。得られた太陽電池について、短絡電流(Jsc)、開放電圧(Voc)、変換効率及び透光性を評価する。
明細書中一部の元素は、元素記号のみで示している。
200…多接合型太陽電池、201…第2太陽電池、
300…太陽電池モジュール、301第1太陽電池モジュール、302…第2太陽電池モジュール、303…サブモジュール、304…バスバー、
400…太陽光発電システム、401…太陽電池モジュール、402…コンバーター、403…蓄電池、404…負荷
500…車両、501…車体、502…太陽電池モジュール、503…電力変換装置、504…蓄電池、505…モーター、506…タイヤ(ホイール)
600…飛翔体、601…機体骨格、602…モーター、603…回転翼、604…制御ユニット
Claims (13)
- 基板上にp電極が形成する工程と、
前記p電極上に亜酸化銅及び/又は亜酸化銅の複合酸化物を主体とする膜を形成する工程と、
前記亜酸化銅及び/又は亜酸化銅の複合酸化物を主体とする膜に酸化処理を行なう工程とを含み、
前記酸化処理においてオゾン分圧は、5[Pa]以上200[Pa]以下であり、
前記酸化処理において処理温度は、273[K]以上323[K]以下であり、
前記酸化処理において処理時間は、1秒以上60分以下である積層薄膜の製造方法。 - 前記酸化処理において前記オゾン分圧は、7[Pa]以上100[Pa]以下であり、
前記酸化処理において前記処理温度は、283[K]以上308[K]以下であり、
前記酸化処理において処前記理時間は、1分以上30分以下である請求項1に記載の積層薄膜の製造方法。 - 前記酸化処理において前記オゾン分圧は10[Pa]以上50[Pa]以下であり、
前記酸化処理において前記処理温度は、283[K]以上308[K]以下であり、
前記酸化処理において前記処理時間は、1分以上10分以下である請求項1に記載の積層薄膜の製造方法。 - 前記酸化処理における前記オゾン分圧をP[Pa]とし、
前記酸化処理における前記処理温度をTemp[K]とし、
前記酸化処理における前記処理時間をTime[分]とするとき、
1≦240*(1-exp(-0.01*P))*exp(-4175÷8.31÷Temp)*(1-exp(-2*Time))≦50の関係を満たす請求項1ないし3のいずれか1項に記載の積層薄膜の製造方法。 - 前記酸化処理における全圧は、10000[Pa]以下である請求項1ないし4のいずれか1項に記載の積層薄膜の製造方法、
- 前記酸化処理における前記オゾン分圧をP[Pa]とし、
前記酸化処理における前記処理温度をTemp[K]とし、
前記酸化処理における前記処理時間をTime[分]とするとき、
3≦240*(1-exp(-0.01*P))*exp(-4175÷8.31÷Temp)*(1-exp(-2*Time))≦35の関係を満たす請求項1ないし5のいずれか1項に記載の積層薄膜の製造方法。 - 前記酸化処理において、100nm以上400nm以下の紫外線を、前記亜酸化銅及び/又は前記亜酸化銅の複合酸化物の表面に照射し、
前記紫外線の照射強度は、0.5μW/cm2以上800μW/cm2以下である請求項1ないし6のいずれか1項に記載の積層薄膜の製造方法。 - 前記酸化処理において、100nm以上400nm以下の紫外線を、前記亜酸化銅及び/又は前記亜酸化銅の複合酸化物の表面に照射し、
前記紫外線の照射強度は、0.5μW/cm2以上800μW/cm2以下であり、
前記酸化処理における前記酸素分圧をP[Pa]とし、
前記酸化処理における前記処理温度をTemp[K]とし、
前記酸化処理における前記処理時間をTime[分]とするとき、
1≦240*(1-exp(-0.01*P))*exp(-4175÷8.31÷Temp)*(1-exp(-2*Time))≦50の関係を満たす請求項1ないし6のいずれか1項に記載の積層薄膜の製造方法。 - 前記酸化処理された前記亜酸化銅及び/又は亜酸化銅の複合酸化物を主体とする膜上にn型層を形成する工程を含む請求項1ないし8のいずれか1項に記載の積層薄膜の製造方法。
- 請求項1ないし9のいずれか1項に記載の積層薄膜の製造方法に記載の基板上にp電極が形成する工程と、
請求項1ないし9のいずれか1項に記載の積層薄膜の製造方法に記載の前記p電極上に亜酸化銅及び/又は亜酸化銅の複合酸化物を主体とする膜を形成する工程と、
請求項1ないし9のいずれか1項に記載の積層薄膜の製造方法に記載の前記亜酸化銅及び/又は亜酸化銅の複合酸化物を主体とする膜に酸化処理を行なう工程と、
前記酸化処理された前記亜酸化銅及び/又は亜酸化銅の複合酸化物を主体とする膜上にn型層を形成する工程と、
前記n型層上に前記n電極を形成する工程を含む太陽電池の製造方法。 - 請求項1ないし10のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法で製造された太陽電池を有する多接合型太陽電池。
- 請求項1ないし10のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法で製造された太陽電池又は請求項11に記載の多接合型太陽電池を用いた太陽電池モジュール。
- 請求項12に記載の太陽電池モジュールを用いて太陽光発電を行う太陽光発電システム。
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