JP2021511312A - ゲノム編集効率を増加するためのキノキサリノン化合物、組成物、方法、およびキット - Google Patents
ゲノム編集効率を増加するためのキノキサリノン化合物、組成物、方法、およびキット Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2018年1月17日出願の米国仮特許出願第62/618,385号の利益を主張するものであり、その内容全体は、これにより参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
配列表
ゲノム編集システム
メガヌクレアーゼのDNA認識および切断機能は一般的に単一ドメイン内で縒り合わされている。メガヌクレアーゼとは異なり、ZFNベースおよびTALENベースのシステムのDNA結合ドメインは、切断機能に対してエンドヌクレアーゼとははっきりと異なる。ZFNベースのシステムは以下を含む:少なくとも1つのジンクフィンガータンパク質もしくはそのバリアント、またはジンクフィンガータンパク質もしくはそのバリアントをそのDNA結合ドメインとしてコードするヌクレオチド配列(複数可)を含む核酸;およびエンドヌクレアーゼエレメント、例えば、ジンクフィンガーヌクレアーゼ(ZFN)またはFok1切断ドメインなど。ジンクフィンガータンパク質(ZFP)は、これが選択した標的部位と結合するよう操作されているという点で天然に存在しない。例えば、Beerli et al. (2002) Nature Biotechnol. 20:135−141; Pabo et al. (2001) Ann. Rev. Biochem. 70:313−340; Isalan et al. (2001) Nature Biotechnol. 19:656−660; Segal et al. (2001) Curr.Opin. Biotechnol. 12:632−637; Choo et al. (2000) Curr. Opin. Struct Biol. 10:411−416;米国特許第6,453,242号;第6,534,261号;第6,599,692号;第6,503,717号;第6,689,558号;第7,030,215号;第6,794,136号;第7,067,317号;第7,262,054号;第7,070,934号;第7,361,635号;第7,253,273号;および米国特許公開第2005/0064474号;第2007/0218528号;第2005/0267061号を参照されたい。
DNA−PK阻害剤
薬学的に許容される塩
共結晶
ゲノム編集効率を増加するためのDNA−PK阻害剤
一部の実施形態では、ゲノム編集効率の増加は、DNA−PK阻害剤およびゲノム編集システムが細胞(複数可)に投与されない条件と比較して、または細胞(複数可)に遺伝子編集システムのみが投与され、DNA−PK阻害剤が投与されない条件と比較して、約1倍、2倍、3倍、4倍、5倍、10倍、15倍、20倍、25倍、30倍、40倍、50倍、または100倍である。
DNA−PK阻害剤、組成物、およびそのキットの使用
ゲノム編集のための使用
症(HCH)、遺伝性コプロポルフィリン症(HCP)、頭部および脳の奇形、聴覚障害および難聴、小児における聴覚問題、HEF2A、HEF2B、ヘマトポルフィリン症(ポルフィリン症)、ヘム合成酵素欠損症、ヘモクロマトーシス、ヘモグロビンM病、ベータ−グロビン型メトヘモグロビン血症、ヘモグロビンS病、血友病、骨髄肝性ポルフィリン症(HEP)、肝性AGT欠損症、原発性高シュウ酸塩尿症、肝レンズ核変性症候群、ウィルソン病、遺伝性関節眼疾患、スティックラー症候群、遺伝性異所性リピドーシス、遺伝性血色症(HHC)(血色症)、遺伝性出血性末梢血管拡張症(HHT)、遺伝性封入体筋炎、骨格筋再生、遺伝性鉄付加性貧血、X連鎖鉄芽球性貧血、遺伝性運動性および感覚性ニューロパシー、遺伝性運動ニューロノパシー、V型、遠位性遺伝性運動ニューロパシー、遺伝性多発性外骨腫、遺伝性非ポリポーシス直腸結腸がん、遺伝性周期熱症候群、遺伝性大腸ポリポーシス、家族性腺腫性ポリポーシス、遺伝性肺気腫、活性化プロテインCに対する遺伝性抵抗性、第V因子ライデン栓友病、遺伝性感覚性および自律神経ニューロパシーIII型、家族性自律神経異常症、遺伝性痙性対麻痺、乳児期開始上行性遺伝性痙性運動麻痺、遺伝性脊髄性運動失調、フリードライヒ運動失調症、遺伝性脊髄硬化症(フリードライヒ運動失調症)、ヘリック貧血症、ヘテロ接合性OSMED(ヴァイセンバッヒャー−ツヴァイミュラー症候群)、ヘテロ接合性耳脊椎巨大骨端異形成(ヴァイセンバッヒャー−ツヴァイミュラー症候群)、HexA欠損症(テイ−サックス病)、ヘキソサミニダーゼA欠損症(テイ−サックス病)、ヘキソサミニダーゼアルファ−サブユニット欠損症(任意のバリアント、例えばバリアントA、バリアントB)(テイ−サックス病)、HFE−関連血色症(血色症)、HGPS(早老症)、ヒッペル−リンドウ病(フォンヒッペル−リンドウ病)、血色症(HLAH)、遠位遺伝性運動ニューロパシー(HMN V)、遺伝性非ポリポーシス直腸結腸がん(HNPCC)、遺伝性圧脆弱性ニューロパシー(HNPP)、ホモシスチン尿症、ホモゲンチジン酸酸化酵素欠損症、(アルカプトン尿症)、ホモゲンチジン酸尿症(アルカプトン尿症)、ホモ接合性晩発性皮膚ポルフィリン症(骨髄肝性ポルフィリン症)、原発性高シュウ酸塩尿症(HP1)、高シュウ酸塩尿症(HP2)、高フェニルアラニン血症(HPA)、HPRT−ヒポキサンチン−グアニンホスホリボシルトランスフェラーゼ欠損症(レッシュ−ナイハン症候群)、HSAN III型、家族性自律神経異常症、家族性自律神経異常症(HSAN3)、遺伝性感覚性ニューロパシー(任意の型、例えば、HSN−1、HSN−II、HSN−III)、家族性自律神経異常症、ヒト皮膚脆弱、ハンチントン病、ハッチンソン−ギルフォード早老症候群(早老)、21水酸化酵素欠損症による非古典型アンドロゲン過剰症、高カイロミクロン血症、家族性リポタンパク質リパーゼ欠損症、家族性、ケトアシドーシスおよび白血球減少症を伴う高グリシン血症(プロピオン酸血症)、高リポタンパク質血症I型、リポタンパク質リパーゼ欠損症、家族性高シュウ酸塩尿症、原発性高フェニルアラニン血症(hyperphenylalaninaemia)(高フェニルアラニン血症)、高フェニルアラニン血症、軟骨異形性軟骨低形成症、軟骨低発生症、軟骨低形成症、低色素性貧血、X連鎖鉄芽球性貧血、ヒポキサンチンホスホリボシルトランスフェラーゼ(HPRT)欠損症、レッシュ−ナイハン症候群、乳児期開始上行性遺伝性痙性運動麻痺(IAHSP)、ICF症候群、免疫不全、動原体不安定性および顔面奇形症候群、特発性血色症、血色症3型、特発性の新生児の血色症(血色症)、新生児特発性肺高血圧、免疫系障害、X連鎖重症複合免疫不全、色素失調症、乳児脳性ゴーシェ病、乳児ゴーシェ病、乳児期開始上行性遺伝性痙性運動麻痺、不妊症、遺伝性肺気腫、圧迫性麻痺への遺伝性傾向、遺伝性圧脆弱性ニューロパシー、Insley−Astley症候群(耳脊椎巨大骨端異形成)、間欠性急性ポルフィリン症症候群(急性間欠性ポルフィリン症)、腸ポリポーシス−皮膚色素沈着症候群(ポイツ−ジェガース症候群)、色素失調症(IP)、鉄蓄積障害(血色症)、イソジセントリック15、イソジセントリック15、非症候性難聴(Isolated deafness)、非症候性難聴(nonsyndromic deafness)、ジャクソン−ワイス症候群、ジュベール症候群、若年性原発性側索硬化症(JPLS)、若年性筋萎縮性側索硬化症、若年性痛風、舞踏病アテトーゼ、精神遅滞症候群、レッシュ−ナイハン症候群、若年性高尿酸血症症候群、レッシュ−ナイハン症候群、ジャクソン−ワイス症候群(JWS)、球脊髄性筋萎縮症、ケネディ病、球脊髄性筋萎縮症、ケネディ球脊髄性筋萎縮症、球脊髄性筋萎縮症、ケラシン組織球症、ケラシンリポイドーシス、ケラシン蓄積症、ケトーシス型グリシン血症(プロピオン酸血症)、ケトーシス型高グリシン血症(プロピオン酸血症)、腎臓病、原発性高シュウ酸塩尿症、Kniest異形成、クラッベ病、クーゲルベルク−ヴェランダー病、脊髄性筋萎縮症、ラクナ認知症、CADASIL症候群、Langer−Saldino型軟骨無発生症、Langer−Saldino型異形成、遅発性アルツハイマー病、遅発性クラッベ病(LOKD)(クラッベ病)、学習障害、学習能力障害、口周囲黒子症、ポイツ−ジェガース症候群、レッシュ−ナイハン症候群、白質ジストロフィー、ローゼンタール線維を伴う白質ジストロフィー(アレキサンダー病)、海綿状白質ジストロフィー、リー−フラウメニ症候群(LFS)、リー−フラウメニ症候群リパーゼD欠損症、リポタンパク質リパーゼ欠損症、家族性LIPD欠損症、リポタンパク質リパーゼ欠損症、家族性セレブロシドリピドーシス、乳児期ガングリオシドリピドーシス、テイ−サックス病、リポイド組織球症(ケラシン型)、リポタンパク質リパーゼ欠損症、家族性肝疾患(ガラクトース血症)、ルーゲーリック病、ルイバー症候群、細血管拡張運動失調、リンチ症候群(遺伝性非ポリポーシス直腸結腸がん)、リシル水酸化酵素欠損症、マシャドジョセフ病、脊髄小脳変性症(任意の型、例えばSCA1、SCA2、SCA3、SCA18、SCA20、SCA21、SCA23、SCA26、SCA28、SCA29)、男性乳がん(乳がん)、男性生殖器障害、乳房の悪性新生物(乳がん)、乳房の悪性腫瘍(乳がん)、膀胱の悪性腫瘍(膀胱がん)、乳房のがん(乳がん)、マルファン症候群、マーカーX症候群、脆弱X症候群、マーティン−ベル症候群、脆弱X症候群、マキューン−オルブライト症候群、マクラウド症候群、MEDNIK症候群、地中海性貧血、ベータ−サラセミア、巨大骨端性小人症、耳脊椎巨大骨端異形成、メンケア病(メンケス病)、メンケス病、骨軟骨異常を伴う精神遅滞、コフィン−ローリー症候群、代謝障害、変容性小人症II型、Kniest異形成、変容性異形成II型、Kniest異形成、メトヘモグロビン血症(任意の型、例えば先天性、ベータ−グロビン型、先天性メトヘモグロビン血症II型)、メチルマロン酸血症、マルファン症候群(MFS)、MHAM、カウデン症候群、ミクロ症候群、小頭症、MMA、メチルマロン酸血症、メンケス病(別名MKまたはMNK)、モノソミー1p36症候群、運動ニューロン疾患、筋萎縮性側索硬化症、筋萎縮性側索硬化症、運動障害、モワット−ウィルソン症候群、ムコ多糖症(MPS I)、膵臓線維症、多発硬化性認知症、CADASIL症候群、多発性カルボキシラーゼ欠損症、遅発性ビオチニダーゼ欠損症、多発性過誤腫症候群(カウデン症候群)、多発性神経線維腫症、筋ジストロフィー(任意の型、例えば、デュシェンヌ型およびベッカー型を含む)、萎縮性ミオトニー、筋直性ジストロフィー、筋強直性ジストロフィー、Nance−Insley症候群(耳脊椎巨大骨端異形成)、Nance−Sweeney軟骨異形成(耳脊椎巨大骨端異形成)、NBIA1、パントテン酸キナーゼ関連神経変性、ニール−ディングウォール症候群、コケイン症候群、網膜神経芽細胞腫、網膜芽腫、脳内鉄蓄積1型を伴う神経変性、パントテン酸キナーゼ関連神経変性、神経疾患、神経筋障害、遠位性遺伝性運動ニューロノパシー、ニーマンピック(ニーマンピック病)、ノアク症候群、非ケトン性高グリシン血症、グリシン脳症、非神経障害性ゴーシェ病、非フェニルケトン尿症型高フェニルアラニン血症、テトラヒドロビオプテリン欠損症、非症候性難聴、ヌーナン症候群、ノルボットン型ゴーシェ病、組織黒変症、アルカプトン尿症、アルカプトン尿性関節炎、オグデン症候群、骨形成不全症(OI)、オスラー−ウェーバー−ランデュ病、遺伝性出血性末梢血管拡張症、OSMED(耳脊椎巨大骨端異形成)、骨形成不全症、骨脆弱症(骨形成不全症)、先天性骨硬化症(耳脊椎巨大骨端異形成)、耳脊椎巨大骨端異形成(耳脊椎巨大骨端異形成)、シュウ酸症、原発性高シュウ酸塩尿症、原発性シュウ酸塩尿症、原発性高シュウ酸塩尿症、パントテン酸キナーゼ関連神経変性、パトー症候群(トリソミー13)、PBGD欠損症(急性間欠性ポルフィリン症)、PCC欠損症、プロピオン酸血症、晩発性皮膚ポルフィリン症(PCT)、PDM病、ペンドレッド症候群、周期性疾患(地中海性発熱、家族性周期性腹膜炎)、口周囲多発性黒子症症候群(ポイツ−ジェガース症候群)、末梢神経障害(家族性自律神経異常症)、末梢性神経線維腫症、腓骨筋萎縮、ペルオキシソームアラニン:グリオキシル酸アミノトランスフェラーゼ欠損症、高シュウ酸塩尿症、原発性ポイツ−ジェガース症候群、フェニルアラニン水酸化酵素欠損症疾患、褐色細胞腫、フォンヒッペル−リンドウ疾患、胎児性軟骨異形成を伴うピエール−ロビン症候群、ヴァイセンバッヒャー−ツヴァイミュラー症候群、色素性肝硬変症(血色症)、ポイツ−ジェガース症候群(PJS)、パントテン酸キナーゼ関連神経変性(PKAN)、PKU、フェニルケトン尿症、プルモボポルフィリン症、ALA欠損症ポルフィリン症、PMA、多発性嚢胞腎、多骨性線維性異形成(マキューン−オルブライト症候群)、家族性腺腫性ポリポーシス、過誤腫性大腸ポリポーシス、ポリープおよび色素斑症候群(ポイツ−ジェガース症候群)、ポルフォビリノーゲン合成酵素欠損症、ALA欠損症ポルフィリン症、ポルフィリン障害、PPOX欠損症、異型ポルフィリン症、プラダー−ラープハルト−ウィリー症候群、プラダー・ウィリ症候群、初老および老人性認知症、原発性線毛機能不全(PCD)、原発性血色症(血色症)、原発性高尿酸血症症候群、レッシュ−ナイハン症候群、原発性老年性変性認知症、プロコラーゲン型EDS VII、突然変異型早老型ハッチンソンギルフォード早老症候群、早老様症候群(コケイン症候群)、早老症性小体症(コケイン症候群)、進行性舞踏病、慢性遺伝性(ハンチントン)、ハンチントン病、正常な強膜を伴う進行性変形性骨形成不全症、骨形成不全症(任意の型、例えば、I型、II型、III型、IV型、V型、VI型、VII型、VIII型)、近位筋直性ジストロフィー(PROMM)、プロピオン酸血症、プロピオニル−CoAカルボキシラーゼ欠損症、プロテインC欠損症、プロテインS欠損症、プロトポルフィリン症、プロトポルフィリノーゲン酸化酵素欠損症、異型ポルフィリン症、近位筋直性ジストロフィー、筋直性ジストロフィー2型、近位筋強直性ミオパシー、擬似ゴーシェ病、弾性線維性仮性黄色腫、サイコシンリピドーシス(クラッベ病)、肺動脈性肺高血圧症、肺高血圧、弾性線維性仮性黄色腫(PXE)、弾性線維性仮性黄色腫、網膜芽腫(Rb)、レックリングハウゼン病、再発性多発性漿膜炎、網膜障害、網膜色素変性症−難聴症候群、アッシャー症候群、網膜芽腫、レット症候群、3型RFALS、リッカー症候群、ライリー−デイ症候群、家族性自律神経異常症、ルシー−レヴィ症候群、ルビンシュタイン−テイビ症候群(RSTS)、レット症候群(RTS)、ルビンシュタイン−テイビ症候群、ルビンシュタイ
ン−テイビ症候群、サック−バラバス症候群、SADDAN疾患、リーおよびフラウメニの家族性肉腫症候群(リー−フラウメニ症候群)、SBLA症候群(肉腫、乳房、白血病、および副腎症候群)(リー−フラウメニ症候群)、球脊髄性筋萎縮症(SBMA)、シュワン細胞腫、両側性、聴覚神経線維腫症II型、シュワルツヤンペル症候群、X連鎖重症複合免疫不全(SCIDX1)、先天性SED、先天性脊椎骨端異形成、ストラドウィック型SED、ストラドウィック型脊椎骨端骨幹端異形成、先天性脊椎骨端異形成(SEDc)、脊椎骨端骨幹端異形成(SEMD)、ストラドウィック型SEMD、老人性認知症、発育遅延および黒色表皮腫を伴う重度の軟骨無形成症、SADDAN疾患、シュプリンツェン症候群、PHF8遺伝子の突然変異によって引き起こされるSiderius X連鎖精神遅滞症候群、軟骨無形成症、皮膚色素沈着障害、脊髄性筋萎縮症(SMA)、脊椎骨幹端骨端異形成症(SMED)(任意の型、例えばStudwick型、1型)、スミス−レムリ−オピッツ症候群、スミス−マゲニス症候群、南アフリカ遺伝性ポルフィリン症、乳児期開始上行性痙性運動麻痺、乳児期開始上行性遺伝性痙性運動麻痺、発話能力およびコミュニケーション障害、スフィンゴリピドーシス、テイ−サックス(テイ−サックス病)、球脊髄性筋萎縮症、脊髄性筋萎縮症、脊髄性筋萎縮症(遠位性V型)、遠位性遺伝性運動ニューロパシー、上肢優位を伴う遠位性脊髄性筋萎縮症、遠位性遺伝性運動ニューロパシー、脊髄小脳変性症、先天性脊椎骨端異形成、脊椎骨端異形成、コラーゲン異常症(任意の型、例えばII型およびXI型)、脊椎骨端骨幹端異形成、脊椎骨幹端異形成(SMD)(脊椎骨端骨幹端異形成)、中枢神経系の海綿状変性、脳の海綿状変性、乳児期の白質の海綿状変性、散発性原発性肺高血圧、SSB症候群、剛毛症候群(メンケス病)、スタイナート病(筋直性ジストロフィー)、スタイナート筋直性ジストロフィー症候群(筋直性ジストロフィー)、スティックラー症候群、脳卒中、CADASIL症候群、ストラドウィック症候群、亜急性神経障害性ゴーシェ病、スウェーデン遺伝性ポルフィリン症、急性間欠性ポルフィリン症、急性間欠性ポルフィリン症、スイスチーズ軟骨異形成、Kniest異形成、テイ−サックス病、TD−致死性小人症、致死性骨異形成症、まっすぐな大腿およびクローバ形頭蓋を伴うTD、致死性骨異形成症2型、末梢血管拡張症、小脳眼皮膚細血管拡張運動失調、精巣性女性化症候群(アンドロゲン不感性症候群)、テトラヒドロビオプテリン欠損症、精巣性女性化症候群(TFM)(アンドロゲン不感性症候群)、中間型サラセミア(ベータ−サラセミア)、重症型サラセミア(ベータ−サラセミア)、致死性骨異形成症、活性化プロテインCコファクター欠損による、ライデン型栓友病(第V因子ライデン栓友病)、甲状腺疾患、ソーセージ様ニューロパシー、遺伝性圧脆弱性ニューロパシー、全HPRT欠損症、レッシュ−ナイハン症候群、全ヒポキサンチン−グアニンホスホリボシルトランスフェラーゼ欠損症、レッシュ−ナイハン症候群、トレハーコリンズ症候群、三徴候骨脆弱症、トリプルX症候群、TriploX症候群、トリソミー21、トリソミーX、トロアジュ−ハノット−シャウファード症候群(血色症)、テイ−サックス病(TSD)、結節性硬化症症候群(TSC)、結節性硬化症、ターナー様症候群、ヌーナン症候群、UDP−ガラクトース−4−エピメラーゼ欠損症疾患、ガラクトース血症、UDPグルコース4−エピメラーゼ欠損症疾患、ガラクトース血症、UDPグルコースヘキソース−1−リン酸ウリジリルトランスフェラーゼ欠損症、ガラクトース血症、未分化難聴、非症候性難聴、UPS欠損症、急性間欠性ポルフィリン症、膀胱のがん、膀胱がん、UROD欠損症、ウロポルフィリノーゲンデカルボキシラーゼ欠損症、ウロポルフィリノーゲン合成酵素欠損症、急性間欠性ポルフィリン症、アッシャー症候群、UTPヘキソース−1−リン酸ウリジリルトランスフェラーゼ欠損症(ガラクトース血症)、Van Bogaert−Bertrand症候群、ファンデルヘーヴェ症候群、口蓋心臓顔面症候群、VHL症候群、フォンヒッペル−リンドウ疾患、視覚機能障害および失明、アルストレム症候群、Von Bogaert−Bertrand疾患、フォンヒッペル−リンドウ疾患、Von Recklenhausen−Applebaum疾患(血色症)、フォンレックリングハウゼン病、神経線維腫症I型、フロリク病、骨形成不全症、ワールデンブルグ症候群、Warburg Sjo Fledelius症候群、マイクロ症候群、ウィルソン病(WD)、ヴァイセンバッハー−ツヴェイミューラー症候群、ウェルドニッヒ−ホフマン病、脊髄性筋萎縮症、ウィリアムズ症候群、ウィルソン病、ウィルソン病、ウィルソン病、ウォルフ−ヒルシュホーン症候群、ウォルフ周期病、ヴァイセンバッヒャー−ツヴァイミュラー症候群(WZS)、色素性乾皮症、X連鎖精神遅滞および巨精巣症、脆弱X症候群、X連鎖原発性高尿酸血症(レッシュ−ナイハン症候群)、X連鎖重症複合免疫不全、X連鎖鉄芽球性貧血、X連鎖脊髄性−延髄性筋萎縮、球脊髄性筋萎縮症、X連鎖尿酸尿酵素欠損症、(レッシュ−ナイハン症候群)、X−SCID、X連鎖重症複合免疫不全、X連鎖鉄芽球性貧血(XLSA)、X−SCID、X連鎖重症複合免疫不全、X連鎖鉄芽球性貧血(XLSA)、XSCID、X連鎖重症複合免疫不全、XXX症候群、トリプルX症候群、XXXX症候群、XXXXX症候群、XXXXX、XXY症候群、XXYトリソミー、クラインフェルター症候群、XYY症候群、トリプレットリピート障害、またはこれらの任意の組合せである。
ZFAT、KLF6、ZFY、ZXDC、GLI2、ZNF532、ZNF37A、ZNF510、ZNF506、ZNF324、ZNF671、ZNF416、ZNF586、ZNF446、ZNF8、ZNF264、REST、MECOM、ZNF213、ZNF343、ZNF302、ZNF268、ZNF10、HIVEP1、ZNF184、MZF1、SALL4、ZNF516、KLF8、KLF5、ZNF629、ZNF423、CTCF、ZNF500、ZNF174、SALL1、MAZ、ZNF419、OVOL3、ZNF175、ZNF14、ZNF574、ZNF85、SP4、ZKSCAN1、GLI3、GLIS3、KLF3、PRDM4、GLI1、PRDM13、ZNF142、PRDM2、ZNF684、ZNF541、KLF7、PLAGL1、ZNF430、KLF12、KLF9、ZNF410、BCL11A、EGR1、ZFP30、TSHZ3、ZNF549、ZSCAN18、ZNF211、ZNF639、ZSCAN20、GTF3A、ZNF205、ZNF644、EGR2、IKZF4、CTCFL、ZNF831、SNAI1、ZNF576、ZNF45、TRERF1、ZNF391、RREB1、ZNF133、OVOL2、ZNF436、PLAGL2、GLIS2、ZNF384、ZNF484、HIVEP3、BCL11B、KLF2、ZNF780B、FEZF1、KLF16、ZSCAN10、ZNF557、ZNF337、PRDM12、ZNF317、ZNF426、ZNF331、ZNF236、ZNF341、ZNF227、ZNF141、ZNF304、ZSCAN5A、ZNF132、ZNF20、EGR4、ZNF670、VEZF1、KLF4、ZFP37、ZNF189、ZNF193、ZNF280D、PRDM5、ZNF740、ZIC5、ZSCAN29、ZNF710、ZNF434、ZNF287、ZIM3、PRDM15、ZFP14、ZNF787、ZNF473、ZNF614、PRDM16、ZNF697、ZNF687、OSR1、ZNF514、ZNF660、ZNF300、RBAK、ZNF92、ZNF157、ZNF182、ZNF41、ZNF711、PRDM14、ZNF7、ZNF214、ZNF215、SALL3、ZNF827、ZNF547、ZNF773、ZNF776、ZNF256、ZSCAN1、ZNF837、PRDM8、ZNF117、ZIC1、FEZF2、ZNF599、ZNF18、KLF10、ZKSCAN2、ZNF689、ZIC3、ZNF19、ZSCAN12、ZNF276、ZNF283、ZNF221、ZNF225、ZNF230、ZNF222、ZNF234、ZNF233、ZNF235、ZNF362、ZNF208、ZNF714、ZNF394、ZNF333、ZNF382、IKZF3、ZNF577、ZNF653、ZNF75A、GFI1、ZNF281、ZNF496、ZNF2、ZNF513、ZNF148、KLF15、ZNF691、ZNF589、PRDM9、ZNF12、SP8、OSR2、ZNF367、ZNF22、GFI1B、ZNF219、SALL2、ZNF319、ZNF202、ZNF143、ZNF3、ZSCAN21、ZNF606、SP2、ZNF91、ZNF23、ZNF226、ZNF229、ZNF180、ZNF668、ZNF646、ZNF641、ZNF610、ZNF528、ZNF701、ZNF526、ZNF146、ZNF444、ZNF83、ZNF558、ZNF232、E4F1、ZNF597、INSM2、ZNF30、ZNF507、ZNF354A、ZEB2、ZNF32、KLF13、ZFPM2、ZNF764、ZNF768、ZNF35、ZNF778、ZNF212、ZNF282、PRDM10、SP7、SCRT1、ZNF16、ZNF296、ZNF160、ZNF415、ZNF672、ZNF692、ZNF439、ZNF440、ZNF581、ZNF524、ZNF562、ZNF561、ZNF584、ZNF274、ZIK1、ZNF540、ZNF570、KLF17、ZNF217、ZNF57、ZNF556、ZNF554、KLF11、HINFP、ZNF24、ZNF596、OVOL1、SP3、ZNF621、ZNF680、BNC2、ZNF483、ZNF449、INSM1、ZNF417、ZNF791、ZNF80、GLIS1、ZNF497、KLF14、ZNF266、ZIC4、ZNF408、ZNF519、ZNF25、ZNF77、ZNF169、ZNF613、ZNF683、ZNF135、ZSCAN2、ZNF575、ZNF491、ZNF620、ZNF619、ZNF354C、ZNF114、ZNF366、ZNF454、ZNF543、ZNF354B、ZNF223、ZNF713、ZNF852、ZNF552、ZFP42、ZNF664、EGR3、ZFPM1、ZNF784、ZNF648、FIZ1、ZNF771、TSHZ1、ZNF48、ZNF816、ZNF571、ZSCAN4、ZNF594、ZFP3、ZNF443、ZNF792、ZNF572、ZNF707、ZNF746、ZNF322A、ZNF467、ZNF678、ZFP41、HKR1、PLAG1、ZNF329、ZNF101、ZNF716、ZNF708、ZSCAN22、ZNF662、ZNF320、ZNF623、ZNF530、ZNF285、ZFP1、WT1、ZFP90、ZNF479、ZNF445、ZNF74、SP1、SNAI3、ZNF696、IKZF1、ZNF267、ZNF566、ZNF224、ZNF529、ZNF284、ZNF749、ZNF17、ZNF555、ZNF75D、ZNF501、ZNF197、ZNF396、ZFP91、ZNF732、ZNF397、ZSCAN30、ZNF546、ZNF286A、ZKSCAN4、ZNF70、ZNF643、ZNF642、ZSCAN23、ZNF490、ZNF626、ZNF793、ZNF383、ZNF669、ZNF559、ZNF177、ZNF548、MTF1、ZNF322B、ZNF563、ZNF292、ZNF567、SP6、ZNF573、ZNF527、ZNF33A、ZNF600、ZKSCAN3、ZNF676、ZNF699、ZNF250、ZNF79、ZNF681、ZNF766、ZNF107、ZNF471、ZNF836、ZNF493、ZNF167、ZNF565、ZNF34、ZNF781、ZNF140、ZNF774、ZNF658、ZNF765、ZNF124、ZNF569、ZNF777、ZNF775、ZNF799、ZNF782、ZNF846、ZNF136、ZKSCAN5、ZNF502、ZFP62、ZNF33B、ZNF512B、ZNF431、ZNF418、ZNF700、ZNF239、ZSCAN16、ZFP28、ZNF705A、ZNF585A、ZNF138、ZNF429、ZNF470、ZNF100、ZNF398、ZNF498、ZNF441、ZNF420、ZNF763、ZNF679、ZNF682、ZNF772、ZNF257、ZNF785、ZSCAN5B、ZNF165、ZNF655、ZNF98、ZNF786、ZNF517、ZNF675、ZNF860、ZNF628、ZNF665、ZNF624、ZNF841、ZNF615、ZNF350、ZNF432、ZNF433、ZNF460、ZNF81、ZNF780A、ZNF461、ZNF181、LOC100287841、ZNF44、ZNF790、ZNF677、ZNF823、ZNF311、ZNF347、ZNF71、ZNF121、ZNF335、ZNF560、ZNF273、ZNF84、ZNF667、ZNF649、ZNF248、ZNF544、ZNF770、ZNF737、ZNF251、ZNF607、ZNF334、ZXDA、ZNF485、ZIM2、PEG3、ZNF192、ZNF442、ZNF813、ZNF26、ZNF69、ZNF583、ZNF568、ZXDB、ZNF480、ZNF587、ZNF808、ZNF43、ZNF28、ZNF627、ZNF789、ZNF536、ZNF534、ZNF652、ZNF521、ZNF358、ZFP2、SP5、ZNF814、ZNF551、ZNF805、ZSCAN5C、ZNF468、ZNF616、ZFP57、ZNF155、ZNF783、ZNF425、ZNF580、ZNF611、ZNF254、ZNF625、ZNF134、ZNF845、ZNF99、ZNF253、ZNF90、ZNF93、ZNF486、REPIN1、LOC100131539、ZNF705D、LOC100132396、ZNF705G、SCRT2、ZNF407、SP9、ZNF579、ZNF880、ZNF630、ZNF844、ZNF469、ZNF717、ZNF865、ZNF492、ZNF688、YY2、ZNF878、ZNF879、ZNF736、ZNF323、ZNF709、ZNF512、ZNF585B、ZNF154、ZNF324B、ZNF564、ZFP82、GLI4、ZNF674、ZNF345、ZNF550、KLF1、YY1、MYST2、ST18、L3MBTL4、MYT1L、MYT1、L3MBTL1、MTA3、GATA1、TRPS1、GATA3、GATA5、GATA4、GATA6、GATAD2B、GATAD1、GATA2、MTA1、ZGLP1、MTA2、RERE、C16orf5、LITAF、PIAS1、PIAS2、PIAS4、ZMIZ1、ZMIZ2、PIAS3、RNF138、NFX1、NFXL1、またはこれらの任意の組合せが挙げられる。
一部の実施形態では、細胞は、筋肉細胞、赤血球系−巨核球細胞、好酸球、iPS細胞、マクロファージ、T細胞、膵島ベータ−細胞、ニューロン、心筋細胞、血液細胞、内分泌前駆体、外分泌前駆体、乳管細胞、腺房細胞、アルファ細胞、ベータ細胞、デルタ細胞、PP細胞、肝細胞、胆管細胞、または白色もしくは褐色脂肪細胞である。
細胞(複数可)へのDNA−PK阻害剤および遺伝子−編集システムの投与
ゲノム編集スクリーニング法
状態の処置/防止におけるDNA−PK阻害剤の使用
本発明の化合物の調製
セクションI:ヒドロキシキノキサリノン中間体の調製
セクションIには、官能化8−ヒドロキシ−1−メチルキノキサリン−2(1H)−オン中間体の調製のための合成手順を記載する。これらの中間体を、セクションIIに記載されるメシレート中間体の適切な選択と共に使用して、表Aの化合物を調製した。
ステップ1:5−ブロモ−1−フルオロ−3−((4−メトキシベンジル)オキシ)−2−ニトロベンゼン
5−ブロモ−1,3−ジフルオロ−2−ニトロ−ベンゼン(300g、1.261mol)およびp−メトキシベンジルアルコール(190g、1.375mol)を、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(1.8L)に溶解させた。得られた溶液に、炭酸セシウム(611g、1.875mol)を添加し、混合物を70℃に加温し、16時間撹拌した。混合物を室温に冷却し、冷水(2L)に注ぎ、その結果、黄色の固体が沈殿した。沈殿物をブフナー漏斗上に収集し、水(2×500mL)ですすいだ。沈殿物をジクロロメタン(5L)に溶解させ、水(2×1L)およびブライン(1L)で洗浄し、乾燥させ(Na2SO4)、シリカゲルプラグ(500g)を介して濾過した。シリカゲル床をジクロロメタン(500mL)で洗浄し、合わせた濾液を減圧下で濃縮した。残渣をヘプタン(2L)と共に研和し、真空オーブン中で50℃において14時間乾燥させて、5−ブロモ−1−フルオロ−3−((4−メトキシベンジル)オキシ)−2−ニトロベンゼン(350g、収率72%)を黄色の固体として得た。
N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(2L)中5−ブロモ−1−フルオロ−3−[(4−メトキシフェニル)メトキシ]−2−ニトロ−ベンゼン(350g、0.914mol)およびメチル2−アミノアセテート(塩酸塩、173g、1.364mol)の混合物に、トリエチルアミン(350mL、2.511mol)を添加した。得られた反応混合物を50℃に加温し、この温度で54時間撹拌した。反応混合物を周辺温度に冷却し、冷水(3L)に注ぎ、その結果、淡褐色の粘着物様の材料が形成された。水をデカントし、淡褐色の粘着物をジクロロメタン(5L)に溶解させ、水(1L)およびブライン(1L)で洗浄し、乾燥させた(Na2SO4)。溶液を、シリカゲル床を介して濾過し、床をジクロロメタン(2×500mL)で洗浄した。合わせた濾液を減圧下で濃縮した。残渣をメチルtert−ブチルエーテル(2L)と共に研和し、真空オーブン中で50℃において12時間乾燥させて、メチル(5−ブロモ−3−((4−メトキシベンジル)オキシ)−2−ニトロフェニル)グリシネート(252g、62%)を黄色の固体として得た。
メチル(5−ブロモ−3−((4−メトキシベンジル)オキシ)−2−ニトロフェニル)グリシネート(52g、112.5mmol)のテトラヒドロフラン(700mL)およびメタノール(400mL)溶液に、白金[3%w/w担持活性木炭7g、還元、70%水で湿潤したペースト(ESCAT2931)、1.076mmol]を添加した。反応混合物を5分間脱気し、次に水素雰囲気(バルーン)下に16時間置いた。反応混合物を、セライトを介して濾過し、床をメタノール(2×200mL)で洗浄した。合わせた濾液を減圧下で濃縮した。こうして得られた残渣を、ジクロロメタン(400mL)と共沸させ、メチルtert−ブチルエーテルと共に研和して、6−ブロモ−8−((4−メトキシベンジル)オキシ)−3,4−ジヒドロキノキサリン−2(1H)−オン(39g、93%)を黄褐色の固体として得た。
6−ブロモ−8−[(4−メトキシフェニル)メトキシ]−3,4−ジヒドロ−1H−キノキサリン−2−オン(178g、0.485mmol)を、クロロホルム(6.0L)に溶解させた。得られた溶液に、二酸化マンガン(IV)(400g、4.601mol)を添加した。得られた反応混合物を55℃に加温し、4時間撹拌した。反応混合物を周辺温度に冷却し、シリカゲル床を介して濾過した。床をジクロロメタン(4×500mL)中40%酢酸エチルで洗浄した。合わせた濾液を減圧下で濃縮した。得られた残渣を、酢酸エチル/メチルtert−ブチルエーテル(1:2比、3L)と共に研和し、真空オーブン中で50℃において14時間乾燥させて、6−ブロモ−8−((4−メトキシベンジル)オキシ)キノキサリン−2(1H)−オン(125g、71%)を黄褐色の固体として得た。
6−ブロモ−8−((4−メトキシベンジル)オキシ)キノキサリン−2(1H)−オン(125g、0.343mmol)のN,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(4.0L)溶液に、ヨウ化メチル(110mL、1.767mol)を添加した。得られた混合物を、氷浴で0℃に冷却し、水素化ナトリウム(60%w/wで35g、0.875mmol)を20分間にわたって少しずつ添加した。得られた反応混合物を≦3℃で30分間撹拌し、その時点で、HPLC分析によっておよそ85:15比のN−メチル化およびO−メチル化生成物が明らかになった。反応混合物を冷水(4.0L)に注ぎ、その結果、黄色の沈殿物が形成された。固体をブフナー漏斗上に収集し、水(2×1.0L)ですすぎ、対流式オーブン中で50℃において4時間乾燥させた。沈殿物(85:15比)を、メチルtert−ブチルエーテル(3.0L)中20%酢酸エチルに懸濁させ、1時間還流させ、周辺温度に冷却した。混合物を、中程度の多孔性のフリット漏斗を介して濾過し、真空オーブン中で50℃において5時間乾燥させて、所望のN−メチル化生成物(120g)を96%純度で得た。生成物を、メチルtert−ブチルエーテル(3.0L)中20%酢酸エチルに再び再懸濁させ、1時間還流させ、濾過し、上記の通り真空乾燥させて、6−ブロモ−8−((4−メトキシベンジル)オキシ)−1−メチルキノキサリン−2(1H)−オン(90g)を99%純度で黄色の固体として得た。さらに、濾液を減圧下で濃縮し、残渣をシリカゲルクロマトグラフィーによって精製して(330gのIscoゴールドカラム、0%→60%酢酸エチル/ジクロロメタンの直線勾配)、所望の生成物3(13g、99%純度)のさらなる収穫物を得た。
ステップ6:8−((4−メトキシベンジル)オキシ)−1−メチル−6−モルホリノキノキサリン−2(1H)−オン
ジオキサン(2.0L)中6−ブロモ−8−[(4−メトキシフェニル)メトキシ]−1−メチル−キノキサリン−2−オン(103g、270.9mmol)およびモルホリン(36mL、412.8mmol)の混合物を、窒素ガスストリームを溶液に10分間バブリングすることによって脱酸素化した。酢酸パラジウム(II)(1.3g、5.790mmol)、RuPhos(5.5g、11.79mmol)、および炭酸セシウム(200g、613.8mmol)を逐次的に添加した。反応混合物を、窒素ガスストリームを用いてさらに10分間脱酸素化した。得られた反応混合物を80℃に加温し、14時間撹拌した。反応混合物を周辺温度に冷却し、減圧下で濃縮して、ジオキサンを除去した。冷水(2.5L)を添加すると、黄色の沈殿物が形成された。沈殿物をブフナー漏斗上に収集し、水(500mL)で洗浄し、対流式オーブン中で乾燥させた。残渣を、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィーによって精製して(4×330gのカラム、0%→10%メタノール/ジクロロメタンの直線勾配)、8−((4−メトキシベンジル)オキシ)−1−メチル−6−モルホリノキノキサリン−2(1H)−オン(68g、66%)を黄色の固体として提供した。
ステップ7:8−ヒドロキシ−1−メチル−6−モルホリノキノキサリン−2(1H)−オン
8−((4−メトキシベンジル)オキシ)−1−メチル−6−モルホリノキノキサリン−2(1H)−オン(13.90g、36.44mmol)を、ジクロロメタン(250mL)に溶解させた。トリフルオロ酢酸(31.0mL、402mmol)を添加し、得られた暗褐色の溶液を室温で3時間撹拌した。溶媒を減圧下で蒸発させ、残りの残渣を、ジクロロメタンに溶解させ、シリカゲルプラグで濾過した。プラグを、最初にジクロロメタンで溶出して、高Rf不純物を溶出し、それを廃棄した。溶出液をアセトンに変更し、その結果、黄色からオレンジ色のバンドが溶出した。このバンドを収集し、濃縮乾固させて、8−ヒドロキシ−1−メチル−6−モルホリノキノキサリン−2(1H)−オン(8.89g、収率50%)を提供した。
ステップ1:5−フルオロ−3−[(4−メトキシフェニル)メトキシ]−2−ニトロ−アニリン
(4−メトキシフェニル)メタノール(4.17g、30.18mmol)のテトラヒドロフラン(52.4mL)溶液に、水素化ナトリウム(鉱油中60%分散液、1.28g、32.00mmol)を添加した。得られた混合物を10分間撹拌し、3,5−ジフルオロ−2−ニトロ−アニリン(5g、28.72mmol)で処理し、さらに1時間撹拌した。混合物を、酢酸エチルと水に注意深く分配し、赤色が消失して黄色/オレンジ色になるまで、1Nの塩酸を滴下添加した。有機物を収集し、乾燥させ(Na2SO4)、濾過し、濃縮した。粗残渣を、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィーによって精製して(330gのISCOカラム、0〜25%酢酸エチル/ヘプタンの直線勾配)、5−フルオロ−3−[(4−メトキシフェニル)メトキシ]−2−ニトロ−アニリンを、黄色からオレンジ色の固体として提供した。
ステップ2:3−[(4−メトキシフェニル)メトキシ]−5−モルホリノ−2−ニトロ−アニリン
5−フルオロ−3−[(4−メトキシフェニル)メトキシ]−2−ニトロ−アニリン(4.64g、15.88mmol)およびモルホリン(7.0mL、80.27mmol)のジメチルスルホキシド(13.6mL)溶液を、100℃に2.5時間加熱した。混合物を酢酸エチルと水に分配した。相を分離し、水相を酢酸エチルでさらに抽出した。合わせた有機物を乾燥させ(Na2SO4)、濾過し、濃縮して、3−[(4−メトキシフェニル)メトキシ]−5−モルホリノ−2−ニトロ−アニリン(5.70g、収率100%)をオレンジ色の固体として得、それをさらに操作することなく使用した。ESI−MS m/zの計算値359.15、実測値360.17(M+1)。
ステップ3:3−[(4−メトキシフェニル)メトキシ]−5−モルホリノ−ベンゼン−1,2−ジアミン
水(31mL)中3−[(4−メトキシフェニル)メトキシ]−5−モルホリノ−2−ニトロ−アニリン(5.66g、15.75mmol)、塩化アンモニウム(1.53g、28.60mmol)、亜鉛(5.59g、85.46mmol)および2%TPGS−750−Mの混合物を、終夜撹拌した。セライトを添加して水を吸収させた後、酢酸エチルを添加した。混合物を濾過し、セライトプラグを、さらなる酢酸エチルですすいだ。合わせた濾液を濃縮し、粗残渣を、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィーによって精製して(330gのシリカゲルカートリッジ、0〜5%メタノール/ジクロロメタンの直線勾配)、3−[(4−メトキシフェニル)メトキシ]−5−モルホリノ−ベンゼン−1,2−ジアミン(3.41g、収率66%)を赤色の固体として提供した。ESI−MS m/zの計算値329.17、実測値330.19(M+1)。
ステップ4:8−[(4−メトキシフェニル)メトキシ]−3−メチル−6−モルホリノ−1H−キノキサリン−2−オン
3−[(4−メトキシフェニル)メトキシ]−5−モルホリノ−ベンゼン−1,2−ジアミン(315mg、0.956mmol)、エチルピルベート(212μL、1.908mmol)、およびメタノール(3.0mL)の混合物を、密閉バイアル中で65℃において2時間加熱した。固体が反応混合物から沈殿した。反応物を室温に冷却し、水を添加し、混合物を30分間撹拌した。固体を濾過によって収集し、水で洗浄し、真空下で終夜乾燥させて、生成物の位置異性体混合物(365mg、1.7:1比で先のスキームに示される所望の化合物が優先的に)を提供した。得られた混合物をSFCによって精製して、所望の異性体8−((4−メトキシフェニル)メトキシ)−3−メチル−6−モルホリノ−1H−キノキサリン−2−オン(110mg)および望ましくない異性体5−((4−メトキシベンジル)オキシ)−3−メチル−7−モルホリノキノキサリン−2(1H)−オン(64mg)を提供した。
8−((4−メトキシベンジル)オキシ)−3−メチル−6−モルホリノキノキサリン−2(1H)−オンのデータ:
5−((4−メトキシベンジル)オキシ)−3−メチル−7−モルホリノキノキサリン−2(1H)−オンのデータ:
ステップ5:8−((4−メトキシベンジル)オキシ)−1,3−ジメチル−6−モルホリノキノキサリン−2(1H)−オン
8−[(4−メトキシフェニル)メトキシ]−3−メチル−6−モルホリノ−1H−キノキサリン−2−オン(110mg、0.274mmol)、炭酸カリウム(183mg、1.324mmol)、およびアセトン(3.0mL)の混合物を、ヨウ化メチル(21μL、0.337mmol)で処理した。得られた反応混合物を密閉し、60℃で終夜撹拌した。混合物を酢酸エチルと水に分配した。相を分離し、水相を酢酸エチルでさらに抽出した。合わせた有機物を乾燥させ(Na2SO4)、濾過し、濃縮した。粗残渣を、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィーによって精製して(4gのシリカゲルカートリッジ、0〜10%メタノール/ジクロロメタンの直線勾配)、8−((4−メトキシベンジル)オキシ)−1,3−ジメチル−6−モルホリノキノキサリン−2(1H)−オン(94mg、82%)を提供した。
ステップ6:8−ヒドロキシ−1,3−ジメチル−6−モルホリノキノキサリン−2(1H)−オン
撹拌した8−[(4−メトキシフェニル)メトキシ]−1,3−ジメチル−6−モルホリノ−キノキサリン−2−オン(88mg、0.177mmol)のジクロロメタン(5.0mL)溶液を、トリフルオロ酢酸で処理した。得られた溶液を室温で1時間撹拌した。反応混合物を濃縮し、粗残渣を、さらに精製することなく使用した。ESI−MS m/zの計算値275.13、実測値276.14(M+1)。
ステップ1:8−((4−メトキシベンジル)オキシ)−6−モルホリノキノキサリン−2(1H)−オン
3−[(4−メトキシフェニル)メトキシ]−5−モルホリノ−ベンゼン−1,2−ジアミン(7.51g、22.80mmol)のメタノール(877mL)溶液に、エチルグリオキサレート(トルエン中50%w/vで9.3mL、45.55mmol)を添加した。得られた溶液を密閉し、65℃で2時間加熱した。固体が反応混合物から沈殿した。反応物を室温に冷却し、水を添加した。固体を濾過によって収集し、水で洗浄し、イソプロパノールと共に研和し、真空下で乾燥させて、生成物の位置異性体混合物(6.34g)を提供した。得られた混合物を、SFCによって精製して[40%エタノール(5mMアンモニア)を使用するIB分取カラム]、所望の位置異性体である8−[(4−メトキシフェニル)メトキシ]−6−モルホリノ−1H−キノキサリン−2−オン(3.48g)、ならびに望ましくない位置異性体である5−[(4−メトキシフェニル)メトキシ]−7−モルホリノ−1H−キノキサリン−2−オン(2.35g)の両方を得た。
8−[(4−メトキシフェニル)メトキシ]−6−モルホリノ−1H−キノキサリン−2−オンのデータ:
5−[(4−メトキシフェニル)メトキシ]−7−モルホリノ−1H−キノキサリン−2−オンのデータ:
ステップ2:1−エチル−8−[(4−メトキシフェニル)メトキシ]−6−モルホリノ−キノキサリン−2−オン
8−[(4−メトキシフェニル)メトキシ]−6−モルホリノ−1H−キノキサリン−2−オン(150mg、0.408mmol)のアセトン(4.3mL)溶液に、炭酸カリウム(273mg、1.975mmol)およびヨードエタン(40μL、0.500mmol)を添加した。得られた反応混合物を密閉し、バイアル中60℃で終夜撹拌した。混合物を酢酸エチルと水に分配した。相を分離し、水相を酢酸エチルでさらに抽出した。合わせた有機物を乾燥させ(Na2SO4)、濾過し、濃縮した。粗残渣を、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィーによって精製して(4gのシリカゲルカートリッジ、0〜10%メタノール/ジクロロメタンの直線勾配)、1−エチル−8−[(4−メトキシフェニル)メトキシ]−6−モルホリノ−キノキサリン−2−オン(55mg、収率32%)を提供した。
ステップ3:1−エチル−8−ヒドロキシ−6−モルホリノ−キノキサリン−2−オン
1−エチル−8−[(4−メトキシフェニル)メトキシ]−6−モルホリノ−キノキサリン−2−オン(50mg、0.1264mmol)のジクロロメタン(およそ1.0mL)溶液に、トリフルオロ酢酸を添加した。得られた赤色の反応溶液を濃縮し、さらに操作することなくそのまま使用した。ESI−MS m/zの計算値275.13、実測値276.14(M+1)。
6−ブロモ−8−[(4−メトキシフェニル)メトキシ]−1−メチル−キノキサリン−2−オン(4g、10.66mmol)の酢酸(56mL)溶液を、100℃に5時間加熱した。反応物を室温に冷却し、終夜静置し、その結果、黄色の沈殿物が形成された。固体を真空濾過によって収集し、ジエチルエーテルで洗浄し、真空下で乾燥させて、6−ブロモ−8−ヒドロキシ−1−メチル−キノキサリン−2−オン(1.92g、収率69%)を提供した。
6−ブロモ−8−ヒドロキシ−1−メチル−キノキサリン−2−オン(312mg、1.223mmol)、6−オキサ−3−アザビシクロ[3.1.1]ヘプタン(塩酸塩、201mg、1.482mmol)、RuPhos−G3−パラダサイクル(52mg、0.062mmol)、およびRuPhos(29mg、0.062mmol)を、密閉バイアル中、窒素中で合わせた。リチウムビス(トリメチルシリル)アミド(1.0Mテトラヒドロフラン溶液3mL、3.000mmol)を添加し、バイアルを65℃に終夜加熱した。反応混合物を室温に冷却し、酢酸エチルで希釈し、濾過した。濾液を濃縮し、粗残渣を、アミノ官能化シリカゲルクロマトグラフィーによって精製して(12gのカートリッジ、0〜10%メタノール/ジクロロメタンの直線勾配)、8−ヒドロキシ−1−メチル−6−(6−オキサ−3−アザビシクロ[3.1.1]ヘプタン−3−イル)キノキサリン−2−オン(214mg、収率64%)を提供した。ESI−MS m/zの計算値273.11、実測値274.24(M+1)。
ステップ1:6−(3,6−ジヒドロ−2H−ピラン−4−イル)−8−((4−メトキシベンジル)オキシ)−1−メチルキノキサリン−2(1H)−オン
6−ブロモ−8−[(4−メトキシフェニル)メトキシ]−1−メチル−キノキサリン−2−オン(4.0g、10.66mmol)、2−(3,6−ジヒドロ−2H−ピラン−4−イル)−4,4,5,5−テトラメチル−1,3,2−ジオキサボロラン(2.72g、12.95mmol)、炭酸ナトリウム(2.0M水溶液8mL、16.00mmol)、およびジオキサン(40mL)の混合物を、窒素ガスを混合物に10分間バブリングすることによって脱気した。[1,1’−ビス(ジフェニルホスフィノ)フェロセン]−ジクロロパラジウム(II)(ジクロロメタン複合体、881mg、1.079mmol)を添加した。得られた反応混合物をさらに5分間脱気し、次に85℃に4時間加熱した。混合物を室温に冷却し、水と酢酸エチルに分配した。層を分離し、水層を酢酸エチルでさらに抽出した。合わせた有機物をブラインで洗浄し、乾燥させ(MgSO4)、濾過し、濃縮した。粗残渣を、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィーによって精製して(330gのシリカゲルカートリッジ、0〜50%酢酸エチル/ヘプタンの直線勾配)、6−(3,6−ジヒドロ−2H−ピラン−4−イル)−8−[(4−メトキシフェニル)メトキシ]−1−メチル−キノキサリン−2−オン(2.81g、収率69%)を黄色の固体として提供した。
ステップ2:6−(3,6−ジヒドロ−2H−ピラン−4−イル)−8−ヒドロキシ−1−メチル−キノキサリン−2−オン
6−(3,6−ジヒドロ−2H−ピラン−4−イル)−8−[(4−メトキシフェニル)メトキシ]−1−メチル−キノキサリン−2−オン(1.81g、4.783mmol)のジクロロメタン(20mL)溶液に、トリフルオロ酢酸(5.0mL、64.90mmol)を添加した。得られた反応溶液を2時間撹拌し、濃縮した。粗残渣を、酢酸エチルと飽和重炭酸ナトリウム水溶液に分配した。層を分離し、水層を酢酸エチルでさらに抽出した。合わせた有機抽出物をブラインで洗浄し、乾燥させ(MgSO4)、濾過し、濃縮した。ジクロロメタンを添加し、その結果、褐色の沈殿物が形成され、それを真空濾過によって収集して、6−(3,6−ジヒドロ−2H−ピラン−4−イル)−8−ヒドロキシ−1−メチル−キノキサリン−2−オン(1.10g、収率82%)を提供した。
セクションII:メシレート中間体の調製
セクションIIには、メシレート中間体の調製のための合成手順を記載する。これらの中間体を、8−ヒドロキシ−1−メチルキノキサリン−2(1H)−オン中間体(セクションIに記載される)を適切に選択すると共に使用して、表Aの化合物を、セクションIIIに記載される方法を使用して調製する。
ステップ1:(1,4−trans)−4−((tert−ブチルジメチルシリル)オキシ)シクロヘキサン−1−オール
(1,4−trans)−シクロヘキサン−1,4−ジオール(70g、602.6mmol)およびイミダゾール(130g、1.910mol)のジクロロメタン(1.5L)溶液に、tert−ブチル−クロロ−ジメチル−シラン(100g、663.5mmol)を一度に添加した。得られた反応混合物を室温に加温し、24時間撹拌し、その時点で、TLC分析によって、出発材料、所望の生成物、およびビス付加生成物の混合物が明らかになった。反応混合物を水(300mL)に注いだ。有機層を分離し、水層を、ジクロロメタン(100mL)で抽出した。合わせた有機抽出物を、水(100mL)およびブライン(100mL)で洗浄し、乾燥させ(Na2SO4)、濾過し、減圧下で濃縮した。粗残渣を、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィーによって精製して(800gのシリカゲルカラム、ヘプタン中0〜50%酢酸エチルの直線勾配)、(1,4−trans)−4−[tert−ブチル(ジメチル)シリル]オキシシクロヘキサノール(58g、41%)を白色の固体として得た。
2℃の(1,4−trans)−4−[tert−ブチル(ジメチル)シリル]オキシシクロヘキサノール(13.7g、58.86mmol)および2−クロロピリミジン(9g、74.65mmol)のN,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(100mL)溶液に、水素化ナトリウム(鉱油中60%w/w懸濁液5g、125.0mmol)を一度に添加した。得られた反応混合物を30分間にわたって室温に加温し、撹拌をさらに10時間継続した。反応混合物を氷冷水(400mL)に注ぎ、その結果、黄褐色の固体が沈殿した。固体を真空濾過によって収集し、水(3×100mL)ですすぎ、真空オーブン中で50℃において16時間乾燥させて、(1,4−trans)−tert−ブチル−ジメチル−(4−ピリミジン−2−イルオキシシクロ−ヘキサオキシ)シラン(18.8g、95%純度、収率98%)を得、それをさらに精製することなく使用した。
テトラヒドロフラン(150mL)およびメタノール(6mL)の混合物中、(1,4−trans)−tert−ブチル−ジメチル−(4−ピリミジン−2−イルオキシシクロヘキサオキシ)シラン(26g、83.44mmol)の溶液に、トリエチルアミントリヒドロフルオリド(40g、248.1mmol)を添加した。得られた反応混合物を、室温で24時間撹拌した。反応混合物を氷浴で0℃に冷却し、水酸化アンモニウム(30%w/wで30g、256.8mmol)水溶液を添加した後、水(100mL)および酢酸エチル(200mL)を添加した。有機層を分離し、水層を酢酸エチル(100mL)でさらに抽出した。合わせた有機抽出物を、水(100mL)およびブライン(100mL)で洗浄し、乾燥させ(Na2SO4)、濾過し、減圧下で濃縮して、(1,4−trans)−4−ピリミジン−2−イルオキシシクロヘキサノール(16.2g、99%)を薄黄色の粘性油状物質として得た。
0℃の(1,4−trans)−4−ピリミジン−2−イルオキシシクロヘキサノール(16.2g、82.6mmol)およびジイソプロピルエチルアミン(40mL、229.6mmol)のジクロロメタン溶液に、塩化メタンスルホニル(8mL、103.4mmol)のジクロロメタン(50mL)溶液を25分間にわたって滴下添加した。得られた反応混合物を0℃で30分間撹拌した。反応混合物を、飽和重炭酸ナトリウム水溶液(100mL)を添加することによってクエンチした。有機層を分離し、水層をジクロロメタン(100mL)でさらに抽出した。合わせた有機物を飽和重炭酸ナトリウム水溶液で洗浄し、乾燥させ(Na2SO4)、濾過し、減圧下で濃縮した。粗残渣を、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィーによって精製して(330gのIscoゴールドカラム、0〜50%酢酸エチル/ジクロロメタンの直線勾配)、(1,4−trans)−(4−ピリミジン−2−イルオキシシクロヘキシル)メタンスルホネート(19.4g、収率85%)を白色の固体として得た。
(1,4−trans)−4−(ピリミジン−2−イルオキシ)シクロヘキシルメタンスルホネートについて上記のものと同じ4ステップ合成手順によって調製した。
ステップ1:4−(((1,4−trans)−4−((tert−ブチルジメチルシリル)オキシ)シクロヘキシル)オキシ)−2−メチルピリミジン
2℃の(1,4−trans)−シクロヘキサン−1,4−ジオール(2g、17.05mmol)および4−クロロ−2−メチル−ピリミジン(1.5g、11.67mmol)のN,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(10mL)溶液に、水素化ナトリウム(鉱油中60%w/w懸濁液で950mg、23.75mmol)を一度に添加した。冷却浴を除去し、反応混合物を60℃に2時間加温した。反応混合物を室温に冷却し、氷冷水(60mL)に注ぎ、その結果、黄褐色の沈殿物が形成された。固体を真空濾過によって収集し、水(2×10mL)ですすぎ、真空オーブン中で60℃において14時間乾燥させて、望ましくないビス付加物である2−メチル−4−[4−(2−メチルピリミジン−4−イル)オキシシクロヘキサオキシ]ピリミジン(1.1g、31%)を得た。真空濾過から得た濾液を、2−メチル−テトラヒドロフラン(4×60mL)で抽出し、合わせた濾液を乾燥させ(Na2SO4)、濾過し、減圧下で濃縮して黄色の油状物質を得、それをシリカゲルクロマトグラフィーによって精製して(0〜100%酢酸エチル/ヘプタンの直線勾配)、所望の生成物である(1,4−trans)−4−(2−メチルピリミジン−4−イル)オキシシクロヘキサノール(1.23g、95%純度、収率48%)を白色の固体として得た。
ステップ2:
tert−ブチル−ジメチル−[4−(2−メチルピリミジン−4−イル)オキシシクロヘキサオキシ]シラン(17.82g、54.70mmol)のイソプロピルアルコール(225mL)溶液を、濃塩酸(12M溶液で16mL、192.0mmol)で処理した。得られた反応混合物を室温で2時間撹拌した。反応混合物を減圧下で濃縮し、残渣を、酢酸エチル(2×200mL)と共沸させて、黄褐色の固体を得た。粗残渣を、メチルtert−ブチルエーテル(100mL)と共に研和することによってさらに精製し、真空オーブン中で50℃において14時間乾燥させて、(1,4−trans)−4−(2−メチルピリミジン−4−イル)オキシシクロヘキサノール(11.57g、98%)を黄褐色の固体として得、それを、さらに精製することなく使用した。
メシレート形成を、(1,4−trans)−4−(ピリミジン−2−イルオキシ)シクロヘキシルメタンスルホネートの調製について上記の手順に従って行った。(1,4−trans)−4−(2−メチルピリミジン−4−イル)オキシシクロヘキサノールを出発材料として使用して、(1,4−trans)−4−((2−メチルピリミジン−4−イル)オキシ)シクロヘキシルメタンスルホネート(収率85%)を黄褐色の固体として提供した。
先に示される合成スキームを介して、このセクションで既に記載されている反応条件を使用して調製した。
ステップ1:(1,4−trans)−4−(ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)シクロヘキサン−1−オール
2−クロロピリミジン(chloropyrimdine)(70.30g、613.8mmol)、およびtrans−1,4−アミノシクロヘキサノール(71.77g、604.5mmol)を、イソプロパノール(400mL)に溶解させた。N,N−ジイソプロピルエチルアミンを添加し(120mL、689mmol)、得られた溶液を終夜加熱還流させた。溶媒を減圧下で蒸発させ、残った固体をジクロロメタンに懸濁させ、シリカゲルプラグを介して濾過した。シリカプラグを、最初にジクロロメタンで溶出して、残留出発材料を溶出し、次に酢酸エチルで所望の生成物を溶出した。酢酸エチル溶出から得た濾液を、減圧下で蒸発させて、(1,4−trans)−4−(ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)シクロヘキサン−1−オールを白色の固体として得た。
0℃のジクロロメタン(727mL)中(1,4−trans)−4−(ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)シクロヘキサン−1−オール(52g、55.53mmol)の懸濁液に、ジイソプロピルエチルアミン(90mL、516.7mmol)を添加した。塩化メタンスルホニル(35mL、452.2mmol)を、内部温度を20℃またはそれ未満に維持できる速度で、シリンジを介して添加した。反応物をさらに1時間撹拌し、ジクロロメタンで希釈し、飽和重炭酸ナトリウム水溶液で洗浄した。有機層を乾燥させ(MgSO4)、シリカゲルのショートプラグを介して濾過した。プラグを、20%酢酸エチル/ジクロロメタンで溶出し、濾液を減圧下で濃縮して、黄褐色の固体を得た。固体を、最少量のジクロロメタンに溶解させた。生成物が結晶化し始めるまで、ペンタンを添加した。混合物を、ドライアイス/アセトン浴中で冷却し、固体を真空濾過によって収集し、ペンタンで洗浄し、減圧下で乾燥させて、(1,4−trans)−4−(ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)シクロヘキシルメタンスルホネート(59.72g、収率82%)を淡黄褐色の固体として得た。
セクションIII:メシレートの置換えを最終ステップとして使用して調製した化合物
セクションIIIに記載される化合物を、8−ヒドロキシ−キノキサリノン(セクションIに記載される)およびメシレート中間体(セクションIIに記載される)を適切に選択することにより、以下の方法を使用して調製した。セクションIIIの方法によって調製した化合物の分析データを、表Aに提供する。
方法A−A
8−ヒドロキシ−1−メチル−6−モルホリノ−キノキサリン−2−オン(7.65g、15.63mmol)のN,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(100mL)溶液に、trans−4−(ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)シクロヘキシルメタンスルホネート(30.34g、111.8mmol)および炭酸セシウム(35.64g、109.4mmol)を添加した。混合物を60℃に終夜加熱した。反応混合物を室温に冷却し、セライトで濾過した。セライトプラグをN,N−ジメチルホルムアミドで洗浄し、濾液を減圧下で蒸発させて、暗色の油状物質を得、それを高真空下で固化させた。固体をジクロロメタンに溶解させ、シリカゲルプラグで濾過し、5%メタノール/酢酸エチルで溶出した。濾液を蒸発させて、褐色がかった黄色の固体を得た。固体をジクロロメタンに溶解させ、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィーによって精製して(330gのシリカゲルカートリッジ、均一濃度の3%メタノール/酢酸エチル)、鮮黄色の固体を得た。固体を、ドライアイス/アセトン浴で予冷した少量の酢酸エチルで洗浄した後、ヘプタンで洗浄した。最後に、材料を高真空下で60℃において乾燥させて、1−メチル−6−モルホリノ−8−(((1,4−cis)−4−(ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)シクロヘキシル)オキシ)キノキサリン−2(1H)−オンを提供した。
方法A−B
8−ヒドロキシ−1−メチル−6−モルホリノ−キノキサリン−2−オン(34.5mg、0.132mmol)のN,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(690μL)溶液に、trans−(4−ピリミジン−2−イルオキシシクロヘキシル)メタンスルホネート(68.0mg、0.247mmol)および炭酸セシウム(215mg、0.660mmol)を添加した。混合物を90℃に5時間加熱した。反応混合物を室温に冷却し、ジクロロメタンと水に分配した。有機相を収集し、蒸発させた。粗残渣を、最少量のDMSOに溶解させ、C18分取HPLCによって精製し(アセトニトリル/水とトリフルオロ酢酸改変剤)、関連する画分を合わせ、濃縮乾固させた。こうして得られた材料をジクロロメタンに溶解させ、飽和重炭酸ナトリウム水溶液で洗浄した。有機相を収集し、乾燥させ(Na2SO4)、濾過し、濃縮して、1−メチル−6−モルホリノ−8−(((1,4−cis)−4−(ピリミジン−2−イルオキシ)シクロヘキシル)オキシ)キノキサリン−2(1H)−オン(16.1mg、収率25%)を提供した。
注記:この方法によって調製した分子を、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィーによっても精製した(メタノール/ジクロロメタン)。
方法A−C
N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(1.1mL)中8−ヒドロキシ−1,3−ジメチル−6−モルホリノ−キノキサリン−2−オン(48.7mg、0.177mmol)および炭酸セシウム(572mg、1.756mmol)の混合物に、(trans)−[4−(ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)シクロヘキシル]メタンスルホネート(147mg、0.542mmol)を添加した。得られた混合物を100℃で終夜撹拌した。反応物を室温に冷却し、メチルtert−ブチルエーテルと水に分配した。相を分離し、水相をメチルtert−ブチルエーテルでさらに抽出した。合わせた有機物をブラインで洗浄し、乾燥させ(Na2SO4)、濾過し、濃縮した。粗残渣を、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィーによって精製して(4gのシリカゲルカートリッジにより、0〜10%メタノール/ジクロロメタンの直線勾配を使用した後、0〜100%酢酸エチル/ヘプタンの直線勾配を使用して第2のシリカゲル精製を行った)、1,3−ジメチル−6−モルホリノ−8−(((1,4−cis)−4−(ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)シクロヘキシル)オキシ)−キノキサリン−2(1H)−オン(17.3mg、収率21%)を提供した。
注記:この方法によって調製した分子を、逆相C18分取HPLC(アセトニトリル/水とトリフルオロ酢酸または水酸化アンモニウム改変剤のいずれか)または逆相C18−誘導体化シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(アセトニトリル/水とトリフルオロ酢酸改変剤)によっても精製した。
方法A−D
6−ブロモ−8−ヒドロキシ−1−メチル−キノキサリン−2−オン(954mg、3.740mmol)および[4−(ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)シクロヘキシル]メタンスルホネート(3.1g、11.42mmol)のジメチルスルホキシド(7.0mL)溶液に、炭酸ルビジウム(2.49g、10.78mmol)を添加した。得られた混合物を80℃で終夜撹拌した。反応混合物を室温に冷却し、ジクロロメタンと水に分配した。相を分離し、水相をジクロロメタンでさらに抽出した。有機物を濃縮し、真空下で終夜乾燥させた。粗残渣を、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィーによって精製して(80gのシリカゲルカートリッジ、0〜5%メタノール/ジクロロメタンの直線勾配)、6−ブロモ−1−メチル−8−[4−(ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)シクロヘキサオキシ]キノキサリン−2−オン(700mg、収率42%)を提供した。
表A. メシレートの置換えを最終ステップとして使用して調製した化合物。
セクションIV:ブロモ−キノキサリノン中間体の調製
セクションIVは、本明細書の他所に記載されていない官能化6−ブロモ−1−メチルキノキサリン−2(1H)−オン中間体を調製するための合成手順を含有する。これらの中間体を、アミンまたはボロン酸エステルカップリングパートナーを適切に選択すると共に使用して、表Bの化合物を調製した。
6−ブロモ−8−ヒドロキシ−1−メチル−キノキサリン−2−オン(299mg、1.172mmol)、(4−ピリミジン−2−イルオキシシクロヘキシル)メタンスルホネート(517mg、1.899mmol)、炭酸セシウム(501mg、1.538mmol)、およびN,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(6.0mL)の混合物を、100℃に4時間加熱した。反応混合物を室温に冷却し、濾過した。濾液を、逆相クロマトグラフィーによって精製した(100gのIsco RediSep Rf C18誘導体化シリカゲルカートリッジ、25〜60%アセトニトリル/水の直線勾配とトリフルオロ酢酸改変剤)。生成物を含有する画分を、酢酸エチルと飽和重炭酸ナトリウムに分配した。相を分離し、水相を酢酸エチルでさらに抽出した。合わせた有機物をブラインで洗浄し、乾燥させ(MgSO4)、濾過し、濃縮して、6−ブロモ−1−メチル−8−(4−ピリミジン−2−イルオキシシクロヘキサオキシ)キノキサリン−2−オン(320.6mg、収率63%)を提供した。
6−ブロモ−1−メチル−8−((1,4−cis)−4−ピリミジン−2−イルオキシシクロヘキサオキシ)キノキサリン−2−オンについて先に記載される手順に類似の手順によって調製した。
6−ブロモ−1−メチル−8−((1,4−cis)−4−ピリミジン−2−イルオキシシクロヘキサオキシ)キノキサリン−2−オンについて先に記載される手順に類似の手順を介して調製した。
6−ブロモ−1−メチル−8−((1,4−cis)−4−ピリミジン−2−イルオキシシクロヘキサオキシ)キノキサリン−2−オンについて先に記載される手順に類似の手順によって調製した。
セクションV:BUCHWALDカップリングまたは鈴木カップリングを最終ステップとして使用して調製した化合物
このセクションに記載される化合物を、官能化6−ブロモ−1−メチルキノキサリン−2(1H)−オン(セクションIVに記載される)およびアミン(Buchwaldカップリングの場合)またはボロン酸エステル(鈴木カップリングの場合)を適切に選択することにより、下記の方法を使用して調製した。このセクションの化合物の分析データを、表Bに提供する。
方法B−A
6−ブロモ−1−メチル−8−[4−(ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)シクロヘキシルオキシ]キノキサリン−2−オン(74mg、0.167mmol)、6−オキサ−3−アザビシクロ[3.1.1]ヘプタン(塩酸塩、61mg、0.450mmol)、炭酸セシウム(263mg、0.807mmol)、RuPhos−G3−パラダサイクル(30mg、0.036mmol)、RuPhos(17mg、0.036mmol)、およびジオキサン(700μL)の混合物を、100℃で終夜撹拌した。反応混合物を室温に冷却し、酢酸エチルと水に分配した。相を分離し、水層を酢酸エチルでさらに抽出した。合わせた有機物を乾燥させ(Na2SO4)、濾過し、濃縮した。粗残渣を、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィーによって精製して(12gのシリカゲルカートリッジ、0〜5%メタノール/ジクロロメタンの直線勾配)、6−(6−オキサ−3−アザビシクロ[3.1.1]ヘプタン−3−イル)−1−メチル−8−(((1,4−cis)−4−(ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)シクロヘキシル)オキシ)キノキサリン−2(1H)−オン(17.0mg、収率22%)を提供した。
注記:この方法によって調製した分子を、C18分取HPLCによっても精製した(アセトニトリル/水とトリフルオロ酢酸または水酸化アンモニウム改変剤のいずれか)。
方法B−B
6−ブロモ−1−メチル−8−[4−(ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)シクロヘキサオキシ]キノキサリン−2−オン(62mg、0.140mmol)、2−(3,6−ジヒドロ−2H−ピラン−4−イル)−4,4,5,5−テトラメチル−1,3,2−ジオキサボロラン(44mg、0.209mmol)、炭酸ナトリウム(2M水溶液を207μL、0.414mmol)、およびジオキサン(1.1mL)の混合物に、[1,1’−ビス(ジフェニルホスフィノ)フェロセン]−ジクロロパラジウム(II)(ジクロロメタン複合体、10mg、0.014mmol)を添加した。得られた反応混合物を100℃で2時間撹拌した。反応混合物を濾過し、濾液を、C18分取HPLCによって直接的に精製し(アセトニトリル/水とトリフルオロ酢酸改変剤)、関連する画分を合わせ、濃縮乾固させた。こうして得られた材料をジクロロメタンに溶解させ、飽和重炭酸ナトリウム水溶液で洗浄した。有機相を収集し、乾燥させ(Na2SO4)、濾過し、濃縮し、蒸発させて、6−(3,6−ジヒドロ−2H−ピラン−4−イル)−1−メチル−8−(((1,4−cis)−4−(ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)シクロヘキシル)オキシ)キノキサリン−2(1H)−オン(30mg、収率47%)を提供した。
注記:この方法によって調製した分子を、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィーによっても精製した(酢酸エチル/ジクロロメタン)。
方法B−C
ジオキサン(1.0mL)中6−ブロモ−1−メチル−8−(4−ピリミジン−2−イルオキシシクロヘキサオキシ)キノキサリン−2−オン(80mg、0.186mmol)および炭酸セシウム(195mg、0.599mmol)の懸濁液を、窒素ガスを混合物に5分間バブリングすることによって脱気した。RuPhos(9mg、0.019mmol)および酢酸パラジウム(II)(2mg、0.009mmol)を添加し、反応物をさらに5分間脱気した。最後に、6−オキサ−3−アザビシクロ[3.1.1]ヘプタン(31mg、0.313mmol)を添加し、バイアルを密閉し、100℃に3時間加熱した。反応混合物を室温に冷却し、濾過し、濃縮した。粗残渣を、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィーによって精製して(12gのシリカゲルカートリッジにより均一濃度の酢酸エチルを使用した)、1−メチル−6−(6−オキサ−3−アザビシクロ[3.1.1]ヘプタン−3−イル)−8−((1,4−cis)−4−ピリミジン−2−イルオキシシクロヘキサオキシ)キノキサリン−2−オン(36.5mg、収率43%)を提供した。
表B. Buchwaldカップリングを最終ステップとして使用して調製した化合物。
実施した実験および達成された結果を含めた以下の実施例は、単に例示目的で提供され、本開示を制限すると解釈されるべきではない。
(実施例1)
材料および方法
DNA−PK阻害剤はBECにおいてHDR遺伝子編集率を改善する
DNA−PK阻害剤はCD34+細胞においてHDR遺伝子編集率を改善する
DNA−PK阻害剤はiPSCにおいてHDR遺伝子編集率を改善する
ECmaxにおける遺伝子編集速度の決定
EC50における遺伝子編集速度の決定
BECにおいて遺伝子編集構成成分が脂質媒介トランスフェクションにより送達された場合、DNA−PK阻害剤はHDR率を改善する
Claims (75)
- 式(I)の化合物
Xは、OまたはNRであり、Rは、HまたはC1〜C4アルキルであり、
Yは、結合、O、またはNRであり、Rは、HまたはC1〜C4アルキルであり、
R1は、C1〜C4アルキルであり、
R2は、
a)N、O、およびSからなる群から選択される1個もしくは2個のヘテロ原子を含有する5員もしくは6員のアリールもしくはヘテロアリール環(ここで、前記アリールおよび前記ヘテロアリール環は、CN、ハロ、C1〜C4−アルキル、C3〜C6シクロアルキル、C1〜C4−ハロアルキル、C1〜C4−アルコキシ、C1〜C4−ハロアルコキシ、C(=O)NHR1’、および5員もしくは6員のヘテロシクロアルキルもしくはヘテロアリール環からなる群から独立して選択される0、1、2もしくは3個の置換基R3によって置換されていてよく、各環は、N、O、およびSから選択される1、2もしくは3個のヘテロ原子を含有し、R1’は、C1〜C4アルキルであり、または前記アリールもしくはヘテロアリール環の隣接する炭素原子に結合している2個のR3基は、O、N、およびSから選択されるヘテロ原子を含有し得る5員もしくは6員の縮合環を形成することができる)、または
b)COOR4(ここで、R4は、C1〜C4−アルキルまたはベンジルである)
であり、
各C1〜C4−アルキル、C1〜C4−ハロアルキル、C1〜C4−アルコキシ、およびC1〜C4−ハロアルコキシは、OR5またはNR6R7でさらに置換されていてよく、R5、R6、およびR7のそれぞれは、独立して、H、C1〜C4アルキルもしくはC3〜C6シクロアルキルであり、またはR6およびR7、ならびにそれらが結合する窒素原子は、N、O、およびSから選択される0個もしくは1個のさらなるヘテロ原子を含有し得る5員もしくは6員の飽和環を形成し、環は、C1〜C4−アルキルによってさらに置換されていてよく、
環Aは、
- R2が、N、O、およびSからなる群から選択される1個または2個のヘテロ原子を含有する5員または6員のアリールまたはヘテロアリール環であり、前記アリールおよび前記ヘテロアリール環が、CN、ハロ、C1〜C4−アルキルもしくはC3〜C6−シクロアルキル、C1〜C4−ハロアルキル、C1〜C4−アルコキシ、C1〜C4−ハロアルコキシ、およびC(=O)NHR1’からなる群から独立して選択される0、1もしくは2個の置換基R3によって置換されていてよく、R1’が、C1〜C4−アルキルであり、または前記アリールもしくはヘテロアリール環の隣接する炭素原子に結合している2個のR3基が、O、N、およびSから選択されるヘテロ原子を含有し得る5員の縮合環を形成することができる、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- mおよびnのそれぞれが、2である、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の化合物。
- R1が、メチルである、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の化合物。
- mおよびnのそれぞれが、2であり、Yが、結合であり、R1が、メチルであり、R2が、COOR4であり、R4が、C1〜C4−アルキルまたはベンジルである、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の化合物。
- oが、0、1、または2であり、各R3が、CN、ハロ、NO2、C1〜C2−アルキル、C1〜C4−ハロアルキル、C1〜C2−アルコキシ、C1〜C2−ハロアルコキシ、およびC(=O)NHR1’からなる群から独立して選択され、R1’が、C1〜C2アルキルである、請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の化合物。
- 前記アリールまたはヘテロアリール環の隣接する炭素原子に結合している2個のR3基が、O、N、およびSから選択されるヘテロ原子を含有し得る5員の縮合環を形成することができる、請求項1〜14のいずれかに記載の化合物。
- 1つまたは複数の標的ゲノム領域を編集する方法であって、
1つまたは複数の標的ゲノム領域を含む1つまたは複数の細胞に、ゲノム編集システムおよび請求項1〜16のいずれか一項に記載の化合物または薬学的に許容されるその塩もしくは共結晶を投与することを含み、
前記1つまたは複数の標的ゲノム領域が編集される、方法。 - 相同組換え修復(HDR)経路を介して1つまたは複数の標的ゲノム領域のDNA切断を修復する方法であって、
1つまたは複数の標的ゲノム領域を含む1つまたは複数の細胞に、ゲノム編集システムおよび請求項1〜16のいずれか一項に記載の化合物または薬学的に許容されるその塩もしくは共結晶を投与することを含み、
前記ゲノム編集システムが、前記標的ゲノム領域の核酸(複数可)と相互作用して、DNA切断をもたらし、前記DNA切断が、HDR経路を介して少なくとも部分的に修復される、
方法。 - 非相同末端結合(NHEJ)経路を介した1つまたは複数の標的ゲノム領域のDNA切断の修復を阻害または抑制する方法であって、
1つまたは複数の標的ゲノム領域を含む1つまたは複数の細胞に、ゲノム編集システムおよび請求項1〜15のいずれか一項に記載の化合物または薬学的に許容されるその塩もしくは共結晶を投与することを含み、
前記ゲノム編集システムが、前記1つまたは複数の標的ゲノム領域の核酸(複数可)と相互作用して、DNA切断をもたらし、NHEJ経路を介した前記DNA切断の修復が、阻害または抑制される、
方法。 - 1つまたは複数の遺伝子またはタンパク質の発現を改変する方法であって、
1つまたは複数の標的ゲノム領域を含む1つまたは複数の細胞に、ゲノム編集システムおよび請求項1〜16のいずれか一項に記載の化合物または薬学的に許容されるその塩もしくは共結晶を投与することを含み、
前記ゲノム編集システムが、標的遺伝子(複数可)の前記1つまたは複数の標的ゲノム領域の核酸(複数可)と相互作用して、前記1つまたは複数の標的ゲノム領域の編集をもたらし、前記編集が、前記標的遺伝子(複数可)に関連する下流遺伝子(複数可)および/またはタンパク質(複数可)の発現を改変する、
方法。 - 前記DNA切断が、DNA二本鎖切断(DSB)を含む、請求項18または19に記載の方法。
- 前記1つまたは複数の細胞において前記標的ゲノム領域を編集する効率が、前記化合物が存在しないこと以外の点では同一である1つまたは複数の細胞と比較して増加する、請求項17に記載の方法。
- HDR経路を介した前記1つまたは複数の細胞の前記標的ゲノム領域における前記DNA切断の修復の効率が、前記化合物が存在しないこと以外の点では同一である1つまたは複数の細胞と比較して増加する、請求項18に記載の方法。
- NHEJ経路を介した前記1つまたは複数の細胞の前記標的ゲノム領域における前記DNA切断の修復を阻害または抑制する効率が、前記化合物が存在しないこと以外の点では同一である1つまたは複数の細胞と比較して増加する、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記効率が、前記化合物が存在しないこと以外の点では同一である1つまたは複数の細胞と比較して少なくとも2倍、3倍、4倍、5倍、10倍、15倍、20倍、25倍、30倍、40倍、50倍、または100倍増加する、請求項22〜24のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記効率が、標的化されたポリヌクレオチド組込みの頻度により測定される、請求項22〜24のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記効率が、標的化された突然変異導入の頻度により測定される、請求項22〜24のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記標的化された突然変異導入が、点突然変異、欠失、および/または挿入を含む、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 前記標的遺伝子(複数可)に関連する下流遺伝子(複数可)および/またはタンパク質(複数可)の発現が、前記投与前の前記1つまたは複数の細胞におけるベースライン発現レベルと比較して増加する、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記発現が、前記投与前の前記1つまたは複数の細胞におけるベースライン発現レベルと比較して、少なくとも10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%、1倍、1.5倍、2倍、2.5倍、3倍、3.5倍、4倍、4.5倍、5倍、または10倍増加する、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 前記標的遺伝子(複数可)に関連する下流遺伝子(複数可)および/またはタンパク質(複数可)の発現が、前記投与前の前記1つまたは複数の細胞におけるベースライン発現レベルと比較して低減する、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記遺伝子発現が、前記投与前の前記1つまたは複数の細胞におけるベースライン発現レベルと比較して、少なくとも10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%、95%、96%、97%、98%、または99%低減する、請求項31に記載の方法。
- 前記標的遺伝子(複数可)に関連する下流遺伝子(複数可)および/またはタンパク質(複数可)の発現が、前記1つまたは複数の細胞において実質的に消失する、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞が、SまたはG2細胞周期フェーズにおいて同期化される、請求項17〜33のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記化合物を投与されたまたは接触させられた前記1つまたは複数の細胞が、前記化合物を投与されても、接触させられてもいない1つまたは複数の細胞と比較して生存期間の増加を有する、請求項17〜34のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ゲノム編集システムおよび前記化合物が、前記1つまたは複数の細胞に同時に投与される、請求項17〜35のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ゲノム編集システムおよび前記化合物が、前記1つまたは複数の細胞に逐次的に投与される、請求項17〜36のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ゲノム編集システムが、前記化合物の前に、前記1つまたは複数の細胞に投与される、請求項37に記載の方法。
- 前記化合物が、前記ゲノム編集システムの前に、前記1つまたは複数の細胞に投与される、請求項37に記載の方法。
- 前記1つまたは複数の細胞が、培養細胞である、請求項17〜39のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記1つまたは複数の細胞が、生物内のin vivo細胞である、請求項17〜39のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記1つまたは複数の細胞が、生物由来のex vivo細胞である、請求項17〜39のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記生物が哺乳動物である、請求項41または42に記載の方法。
- 前記生物がヒトである、請求項41または42に記載の方法。
- 前記ゲノム編集システムおよび前記化合物が、同じ経路を介して投与される、請求項17〜44のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ゲノム編集システムおよび前記化合物が、異なる経路を介して投与される、請求項17〜44のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ゲノム編集システムが、静脈内投与され、前記化合物が、経口投与される、請求項46に記載の方法。
- 前記ゲノム編集システムが、メガヌクレアーゼベースのシステム、ジンクフィンガーヌクレアーゼ(ZFN)ベースのシステム、転写活性因子様エフェクターベースのヌクレアーゼ(TALEN)システム、CRISPRベースのシステム、またはNgAgoベースのシステムから選択される、請求項17〜47のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ゲノム編集システムが、CRISPRベースのシステムである、請求項48に記載の方法。
- 前記CRISPRベースのシステムが、CRISPR−CasシステムまたはCRISPR−Cpfシステムである、請求項49に記載の方法。
- 前記CRISPRベースのシステムが、CRISPR−Casシステムであり、前記CRISPR−Casシステムが、(a)以下を含む少なくとも1つのガイドRNAエレメント:(i)前記1つもしくは複数の標的ゲノム領域におけるヌクレオチド配列に実質的に相補的なヌクレオチド配列を含むターゲッターRNA、または前記ターゲッターRNAをコードするヌクレオチド配列(複数可)を含む核酸、(ii)および前記ターゲッターRNAとのハイブリッド形成が可能なヌクレオチド配列を含むアクチベーターRNA、または前記アクチベーターRNAをコードするヌクレオチド配列(複数可)を含む核酸、ならびに(b)Casタンパク質を含むCasタンパク質エレメントまたは前記Casタンパク質をコードするヌクレオチド配列(複数可)を含む核酸を含む、請求項50に記載の方法。
- 前記ターゲッターRNAおよびアクチベーターRNAが、単一分子として融合される、請求項51に記載の方法。
- 前記Casタンパク質が、II型Cas9タンパク質である、請求項51に記載の方法。
- 前記Cas9タンパク質が、SaCas9、SpCas9、SpCas9n、Cas9−HF、Cas9−H840A、FokI−dCas9、またはD10Aニッカーゼ、またはこれらの任意の組合せである、請求項53に記載の方法。
- 前記CRISPRベースのシステムが、CRISPR−Cpfシステムであり、前記CRISPR−Cpfシステムが、(a)少なくとも1つのガイドRNAエレメントまたは前記ガイドRNAエレメントをコードするヌクレオチド配列(複数可)を含む核酸であって、前記ガイドRNAが前記1つまたは複数の標的ゲノム領域におけるヌクレオチド配列に実質的に相補的なヌクレオチド配列を含むターゲッターRNAを含む、ガイドRNAエレメントまたは核酸、および(b)Cpfタンパク質を含むCpfタンパク質エレメントまたは前記Cpfタンパク質をコードするヌクレオチド配列を含む核酸を含む、請求項50に記載の方法。
- 前記ゲノム編集システムが、1つまたは複数のベクターにより送達される、請求項17〜55のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記1つまたは複数のベクターが、ウイルスベクター、プラスミド、またはssDNAから選択される、請求項56に記載の方法。
- 前記ウイルスベクターが、レトロウイルス、レンチウイルス、アデノウイルス、アデノ随伴ウイルスおよび単純ヘルペスウイルスのベクターからなる群から選択される、請求項57に記載の方法。
- 前記ゲノム編集システムが、合成RNAにより送達される、請求項17〜58のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ゲノム編集システムが、ナノ製剤により送達される、請求項17〜58のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 1つまたは複数の標的ゲノム領域を編集するためのキットまたは組成物であって、
ゲノム編集システム、および請求項1〜16のいずれか一項に記載の化合物または薬学的に許容されるその塩もしくは共結晶
を含む、キットまたは組成物。 - 前記ゲノム編集システムが、メガヌクレアーゼベースのシステム、ジンクフィンガーヌクレアーゼ(ZFN)ベースのシステム、転写活性因子様エフェクターベースのヌクレアーゼ(TALEN)システム、CRISPRベースのシステム、またはNgAgoベースのシステムである、請求項61に記載のキットまたは組成物。
- ゲノム編集システムが、CRISPRベースのシステムである、請求項62に記載のキットまたは組成物。
- 前記CRISPRベースのシステムが、CRISPR−CasシステムまたはCRISPR−Cpfシステムである、請求項63に記載のキットまたは組成物。
- 前記CRISPRベースのシステムが、CRISPR−Casシステムであり、前記CRISPR−Casシステムが、(a)以下を含む少なくとも1つのガイドRNAエレメント:(i)前記1つもしくは複数の標的ゲノム領域におけるヌクレオチド配列に実質的に相補的なヌクレオチド配列を含むターゲッターRNA、または前記ターゲッターRNAをコードするヌクレオチド配列(複数可)を含む核酸、(ii)および前記ターゲッターRNAとのハイブリッド形成が可能なヌクレオチド配列を含むアクチベーターRNA、または前記アクチベーターRNAをコードするヌクレオチド配列(複数可)を含む核酸、ならびに(b)Casタンパク質を含むCasタンパク質エレメントまたは前記Casタンパク質をコードするヌクレオチド配列(複数可)を含む核酸を含む、請求項64に記載のキットまたは組成物。
- 前記Casタンパク質が、II型Cas9タンパク質である、請求項65に記載のキットまたは組成物。
- 前記Cas9タンパク質が、SaCas9、SpCas9、SpCas9n、Cas9−HF、Cas9−H840A、FokI−dCas9、またはD10Aニッカーゼ、またはこれらの任意の組合せである、請求項66に記載のキットまたは組成物。
- 前記CRISPRベースのシステムが、CRISPR−Cpfシステムであり、前記CRISPR−Cpfシステムが、(a)前記1つもしくは複数の標的ゲノム領域におけるヌクレオチド配列に実質的に相補的なヌクレオチド配列を含むターゲッターRNA、または前記ターゲッターRNAをコードするヌクレオチド配列(複数可)を含む核酸、および(b)Cpfタンパク質を含むCpfタンパク質エレメントまたは前記Cpfタンパク質をコードするヌクレオチド配列(複数可)を含む核酸を含む、請求項64に記載のキットまたは組成物。
- 前記ゲノム編集システムが、1つまたは複数のベクターに含まれるまたはパッケージされる、請求項61〜68のいずれか一項に記載のキットまたは組成物。
- 前記1つまたは複数のベクターが、ウイルスベクター、プラスミド、またはssDNAから選択される、請求項69に記載のキットまたは組成物。
- 前記ウイルスベクターが、レトロウイルス、レンチウイルス、アデノウイルス、アデノ随伴ウイルスおよび単純ヘルペスウイルスのベクターからなる群から選択される、請求項70に記載のキットまたは組成物。
- 請求項1〜16のいずれか一項に記載の化合物および薬学的に許容される賦形剤を含む、医薬組成物。
- 細胞を、DNA傷害を誘発する治療剤または疾患状態に対して感受性化させる方法であって、前記細胞を、請求項1〜16のいずれか一項に記載の化合物、または前記化合物を含む医薬組成物と接触させるステップを含む、方法。
- 患者のがんを処置するための治療レジメンを増強する方法であって、前記患者に、有効量の請求項1〜16のいずれか一項に記載の化合物、または前記化合物を含む医薬組成物を投与するステップを含む、方法。
- 患者におけるがんを処置する、またはがん細胞の成長を阻害する方法であって、前記患者に、有効量の請求項1〜16のいずれか一項に記載の化合物、または前記化合物を含む医薬組成物を単独で、または1つもしくは複数の追加の治療剤と組み合わせて投与することを含む、方法。
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AU2019209292A1 (en) | 2020-09-03 |
EA202091707A1 (ru) | 2020-12-02 |
MA51623A (fr) | 2021-04-14 |
CN111770921B (zh) | 2024-03-22 |
CA3088791A1 (en) | 2019-07-25 |
ES2940786T3 (es) | 2023-05-11 |
WO2019143677A1 (en) | 2019-07-25 |
CN111770921A (zh) | 2020-10-13 |
IL276081A (en) | 2020-08-31 |
IL276081B2 (en) | 2023-10-01 |
US20200361877A1 (en) | 2020-11-19 |
EP3740483A1 (en) | 2020-11-25 |
BR112020013626A2 (pt) | 2020-12-01 |
EP3740483B1 (en) | 2023-01-11 |
KR20200110687A (ko) | 2020-09-24 |
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IL276081B1 (en) | 2023-06-01 |
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