JP2021160117A - 積層体、金属めっき液、および積層体の製造方法 - Google Patents
積層体、金属めっき液、および積層体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2021160117A JP2021160117A JP2020061864A JP2020061864A JP2021160117A JP 2021160117 A JP2021160117 A JP 2021160117A JP 2020061864 A JP2020061864 A JP 2020061864A JP 2020061864 A JP2020061864 A JP 2020061864A JP 2021160117 A JP2021160117 A JP 2021160117A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- laminate
- film
- plating solution
- interface layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 226
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 213
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 title claims description 89
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 claims description 52
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.[Cu+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N saccharin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C2=C1 CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940081974 saccharin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019204 saccharin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000901 saccharin and its Na,K and Ca salt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 162
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 105
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 48
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 20
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000329 molecular dynamics simulation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000004520 agglutination Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- -1 ZnF Chemical compound 0.000 description 3
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004523 agglutinating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052961 molybdenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003470 tongbaite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910020515 Co—W Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017709 Ni Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003267 Ni-Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018104 Ni-P Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003262 Ni‐Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018536 Ni—P Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WINXNKPZLFISPD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Saccharin sodium Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C2=C1 WINXNKPZLFISPD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Natural products NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013475 authorization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000361 cobalt sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940044175 cobalt sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- UIIIBRHUICCMAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-ene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC=C UIIIBRHUICCMAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000615 substance of very high concern Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- YOUIDGQAIILFBW-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrachlorotungsten Chemical compound Cl[W](Cl)(Cl)Cl YOUIDGQAIILFBW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004736 wide-angle X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/48—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 not containing phosphates, hexavalent chromium compounds, fluorides or complex fluorides, molybdates, tungstates, vanadates or oxalates
- C23C22/52—Treatment of copper or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/73—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals characterised by the process
- C23C22/77—Controlling or regulating of the coating process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
- C25D3/562—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of iron or nickel or cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
- C25D5/12—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium
- C25D5/14—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium two or more layers being of nickel or chromium, e.g. duplex or triplex layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
- C25D5/615—Microstructure of the layers, e.g. mixed structure
- C25D5/617—Crystalline layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
- C25D5/50—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明に係る積層体の一例を示す概略断面模式図である。図1に示したように、積層体は、基材2表面に皮膜積層部1が形成されている。ここでは、皮膜積層部1は、金属皮膜3と金属皮膜4との2層が積層されている。
本発明に係る積層体を製造するためのめっき液について説明する。本発明の積層体の製造方法(皮膜積層部の製膜方法)としては、湿式処理(例えば、電気めっき)や乾式処理(例えば、スパッタリング)などの処理方法を利用できるが、量産性の観点からは、電気めっきが好ましい形態である。
本発明に係る積層体の製造方法について説明する。上述の通り、本発明の積層体の製造方法(皮膜積層部の製膜方法)としては、湿式処理(例えば、電気めっき)や乾式処理(例えば、スパッタリング)などの処理方法を利用できるが、量産性の観点から電気めっきが好ましい形態であるため、以下に電気めっきで積層体を製造する方法について記載する。
本発明に係る積層体の製造方法の一例である電気めっきプロセスを以下に示す。
1.金属皮膜3のめっき処理ステップ
2.界面層5を形成するための処理ステップ
3.金属皮膜4のめっき処理ステップ
4.水洗ステップ
5.乾燥ステップ
6.アニール処理ステップ。
<実施例1、比較例1>
実施例1、比較例1では、界面層5に適用する金属元素として金属単体を検討した。さらに、本実施例2として、界面層5に複数の元素が混在する場合について検討を行った。
実施例3では、実施例1同様に金属皮膜38および48としてNiを選択し、界面層58に同じ金属元素であるNiに加えて、凝集エネルギーの小さいCu、Sが混在する構造モデル図8を構築した。実施例1同様にせん断を与えたところ、図8に示すようにすべり変形が生じて内部破壊が抑制されることが分かった。これは、実施例1同様に、せん断時に界面層58でせん断が発生するせん断応力(155MPa)の方が金属皮膜38および48であるNi層内部の引張応力(116MPa)よりも大きいために、金属皮膜38および48では引張変形がほとんど起こらず、界面層5でせん断されたためと考えられる。
<実施例4〜10、比較例2〜4>
(積層体の製造方法)
皮膜積層部1を形成する基材として、表面を機械研磨により算術平均粗さRa<0.05μmに仕上げたSUS303材(50mm×70mm×3mm)を用いた。金属皮膜3および4の製膜には、ワット浴を基本とした表1に示すNi−P電気めっき液を用いた。この電気めっき液中に、界面層5を形成するための添加剤として表1に示す化合物を添加した。凝集エネルギーの小さい金属元素としては、Cu、Sn、Zn、Mn、Bi、Inを検討した。耐摩耗性や光沢性の向上のためのS源としては、サッカリンを用いた。また、比較例として、界面層5を形成しない添加剤がないめっき液も作製した。
(積層体の評価方法)
本実施例では、凝集エネルギーの小さい金属元素としてCuを選択し、Cuの望ましい添加量について検討を行った。また、めっき液を変化したこと以外は、実施例4〜10に示す方法と同一の手法にて検討を実施した。
本実施例では、実施例12のめっき液を用いて金属皮膜3および4の厚みを変えた検討の実施例を示す。金属皮膜の厚みに関しては、電解時間によって表3に示す厚みになるように調整した。その他の条件に関しては、実施例4〜10と同一である。
金属皮膜の厚みを調整した実施例15〜18および、界面層5を形成するための処理ステップを実施しない比較例5の結果を表3に示す。
これらに示すように、凝集エネルギーの小さい金属元素を多く含む界面層5を導入した皮膜積層部12を有する実施例15と、界面層5を導入しない単層膜11を有する比較例5では、耐摩耗試験後の表面の摩耗状態が異なることが分かる。表面剥離発生箇所の観察の結果、実施例15(図12)では、摺動面70に対し、剥離部が均一に横に伸びていて、皮膜積層部12中にあまりクラックが進展していないことが判明した。すなわち、実施例1を支持した結果であり、界面層の存在によってクラックの内部進展が抑制されることで耐摩耗性が向上したことが確認できた。一方、比較例5(図11)では、摺動面70に対し、剥離部が下方向に深くなっており、単層膜11中の剥離の内部進展が進行する傾向にあった。
2…基材
3,4…金属皮膜
5…界面層
35、45…Ni、55…Cu
36、46…Ni、56…W
37、47…Ni、57…Cu、S
38、48…Ni、58…Ni、Cu、S
11…単層膜
60…埋め込み用樹脂
70…摺動面
12…皮膜積層部
Claims (21)
- 基材と、金属皮膜を二層以上積層した皮膜積層部とよりなる積層体であって、
隣接する前記前記金属皮膜の間に界面層を有し、
前記皮膜積層部は、Ni、Cr、Co、Wの少なくとも一つの元素を主成分である第一の金属元素と、前記第一の金属元素よりも凝集エネルギーが小さい金属元素である第二の金属元素とを含み、
前記界面層に含まれる前記第二の金属元素の含有比は、前記隣接する金属皮膜に含まれる第二の金属元素の含有比よりも多い、ことを特徴とする積層体。 - 請求項1に記載の積層体において、
前記第二の金属元素は、Cu、Sn、Zn、Ag、Mn、Bi、In、Sbから選ばれる少なくとも一つであることを特徴とする積層体。 - 請求項1または2に記載の積層体において、
前記第二の金属元素は、前記金属皮膜の析出電位よりも貴であることを特徴とする積層体。 - 請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の積層体において、
前記第二の金属元素は、Cuであることを特徴とする積層体。 - 請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の積層体において、
前記界面層は、Sを含むことを特徴とする積層体。 - 請求項1乃至5のいずれかに記載の積層体において、
前記界面層の厚みは、100nm以下であることを特徴とする積層体。 - 請求項1乃至6のいずれかに記載の積層体において、
前記界面層の厚みは、10nm以下であることを特徴とする積層体。 - 請求項1乃至7のいずれかに記載の積層体において、
前記金属皮膜は、Niを含むことを特徴とする積層体。 - 請求項1乃至8のいずれかに記載の積層体において、
前記金属皮膜は、さらにP、Bの少なくともいずれかを含むことを特徴とする積層体。 - 請求項1乃至9のいずれかに記載の積層体において、
前記金属皮膜は、結晶質であることを特徴とする積層体。 - 請求項10に記載の積層体において、
前記金属皮膜中に析出している結晶は(100)配向であることを特徴とする積層体。 - 請求項10または11に記載の積層体において、
前記金属皮膜中に析出している結晶の結晶子径は、10nm以下であることを特徴とする積層体。 - 請求項1乃至12のいずれかに記載の積層体において、
前記金属皮膜の厚みは、8nm以上500nm以下であることを特徴とする積層体。 - 請求項1乃至13のいずれかに記載の積層体において、
前記基材の主成分は銅であることを特徴とする積層体。 - 請求項1に記載積層体の製造方法であって、
複数回の金属皮膜のめっき処理ステップを有し、めっき処理ステップの間にめっき処理停止ステップを有することを特徴とする積層体の製造方法。 - 少なくとも金属塩と、錯化剤と,pH調整剤、支持塩、添加剤、を含むめっき液であって、
前記金属塩には、Ni、Cr、Co、Wから選ばれる少なくとも一つの元素が含まれ、
且つ前記元素よりも凝集エネルギーの小さい金属元素が含まれることを特徴とするめっき液。 - 請求項16に記載のめっき液であって、
前記凝集エネルギーの小さい金属元素を含む金属塩は、Cu、Sn、Zn、Ag、Mn、Bi、In、Sbから選ばれる少なくとも一つを含む金属塩であることを特徴とするめっき液。 - 請求項16または17に記載のめっき液であって、
前記凝集エネルギーの小さい金属元素を含む金属塩は、Cuを含む金属塩であることを特徴とするめっき液。 - 請求項16乃至18のいずれかに記載のめっき液であって、
前記めっき液は、Niを含む金属塩と、Cuを含む金属塩と、リン含有化合物と、硫黄含有化合物とを含むことを特徴とするめっき液。 - 請求項16乃至19のいずれかに記載のめっき液であって、
前記めっき液は、Niを含む金属塩と、Cuを含む金属塩と、ホスホン酸と、サッカリンとを含むことを特徴とするめっき液。 - 請求項16乃至20のいずれかに記載のめっき液であって、
前記めっき液におけるCuを含む金属塩の濃度が、硫酸銅五水和物換算で、0.02mg/L以下であることを特徴とするめっき液。
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2020061864A JP2021160117A (ja) | 2020-03-31 | 2020-03-31 | 積層体、金属めっき液、および積層体の製造方法 |
US17/915,409 US20230143193A1 (en) | 2020-03-31 | 2020-10-07 | Laminate, metal plating solution, and manufacturing process of laminate |
CN202080099280.XA CN115362060A (zh) | 2020-03-31 | 2020-10-07 | 叠层体、金属镀敷液和叠层体的制造方法 |
EP20929210.1A EP4130346A4 (en) | 2020-03-31 | 2020-10-07 | LAMINATE, ELECTROPLATING LIQUID, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING LAMINATE |
PCT/JP2020/038064 WO2021199468A1 (ja) | 2020-03-31 | 2020-10-07 | 積層体、金属めっき液、および積層体の製造方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2020061864A JP2021160117A (ja) | 2020-03-31 | 2020-03-31 | 積層体、金属めっき液、および積層体の製造方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2021160117A true JP2021160117A (ja) | 2021-10-11 |
JP2021160117A5 JP2021160117A5 (ja) | 2022-10-07 |
Family
ID=77927150
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2020061864A Pending JP2021160117A (ja) | 2020-03-31 | 2020-03-31 | 積層体、金属めっき液、および積層体の製造方法 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20230143193A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP4130346A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2021160117A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN115362060A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2021199468A1 (ja) |
Family Cites Families (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3288574A (en) * | 1964-04-10 | 1966-11-29 | Harshaw Chem Corp | Metal laminates and method of forming by electroplating |
US3480522A (en) * | 1966-08-18 | 1969-11-25 | Ibm | Method of making magnetic thin film device |
JPS5377840A (en) * | 1976-12-21 | 1978-07-10 | Mishima Kosan Co Ltd | Preparation of mold for slab |
JPS63105990A (ja) | 1986-10-23 | 1988-05-11 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 多層ニツケル合金めつきおよびその形成方法 |
JP3830758B2 (ja) * | 2000-12-20 | 2006-10-11 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Ni−Cu合金複合メッキ液 |
JP3833892B2 (ja) * | 2000-12-20 | 2006-10-18 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Ni−Cu合金メッキ被膜 |
BRPI1010877B1 (pt) * | 2009-06-08 | 2020-09-15 | Modumetal, Inc | Revestimento de multicamadas resistente à corrosão e método de eletrodeposição |
TWI452094B (zh) * | 2010-09-02 | 2014-09-11 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corp | Conductive, excellent corrosion resistance of the coated metal plate |
JP2014082350A (ja) * | 2012-10-17 | 2014-05-08 | Takamatsu Mekki:Kk | Led用ウエハおよびその製造方法 |
CN106460217B (zh) * | 2014-06-23 | 2021-05-04 | 奥野制药工业株式会社 | 多层镀膜及具有该多层镀膜的物品 |
TWI593548B (zh) * | 2015-01-09 | 2017-08-01 | Jx Nippon Mining & Metals Corp | Attached to the metal substrate |
WO2016178372A1 (ja) * | 2015-05-07 | 2016-11-10 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 耐食皮膜を有する積層体とその製造方法 |
JP6601692B2 (ja) * | 2015-08-03 | 2019-11-06 | 株式会社タンガロイ | 被覆切削工具 |
KR101693514B1 (ko) * | 2015-12-24 | 2017-01-06 | 주식회사 포스코 | 전기강판용 Fe-Ni-P 합금 다층 강판 및 이의 제조방법 |
JP6781922B2 (ja) * | 2016-04-30 | 2020-11-11 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 鋳型の再生方法 |
WO2018189901A1 (ja) * | 2017-04-14 | 2018-10-18 | Ykk株式会社 | めっき材及びその製造方法 |
JP7121881B2 (ja) * | 2017-08-08 | 2022-08-19 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | 銀皮膜付端子材及び銀皮膜付端子 |
JP6813692B2 (ja) * | 2017-09-27 | 2021-01-13 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 皮膜積層体及びその製造方法 |
-
2020
- 2020-03-31 JP JP2020061864A patent/JP2021160117A/ja active Pending
- 2020-10-07 EP EP20929210.1A patent/EP4130346A4/en active Pending
- 2020-10-07 US US17/915,409 patent/US20230143193A1/en active Pending
- 2020-10-07 CN CN202080099280.XA patent/CN115362060A/zh active Pending
- 2020-10-07 WO PCT/JP2020/038064 patent/WO2021199468A1/ja unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP4130346A4 (en) | 2023-12-20 |
EP4130346A1 (en) | 2023-02-08 |
CN115362060A (zh) | 2022-11-18 |
US20230143193A1 (en) | 2023-05-11 |
WO2021199468A1 (ja) | 2021-10-07 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Sahoo et al. | Tribology of electroless nickel coatings–a review | |
Aliofkhazraei et al. | Development of electrodeposited multilayer coatings: A review of fabrication, microstructure, properties and applications | |
Shakoor et al. | Properties of electrodeposited Ni–B–Al2O3 composite coatings | |
Ünal et al. | Production and characterization of electrodeposited Ni-B/hBN composite coatings | |
US20090155479A1 (en) | Lubricant-hard-ductile nanocomposite coatings and methods of making | |
US8431238B2 (en) | Protective coating for metallic seals | |
Li et al. | Ni-W/BN (h) electrodeposited nanocomposite coating with functionally graded microstructure | |
Banthia et al. | Cu, Cu-SiC functionally graded coating for protection against corrosion and wear | |
Hashemi et al. | Effect of SiC nanoparticles on microstructure and wear behavior of Cu-Ni-W nanocrystalline coating | |
Xu et al. | Design and properties investigation of NiMo composite coating reinforced with duplex nanoparticles | |
Dilek et al. | Pulse electro co-deposition of submicron-sized TiC reinforced Ni–W coatings: tribological and corrosion properties | |
Mahdavi et al. | Characteristics and properties of Cr coatings electrodeposited from Cr (III) baths | |
Tripathi et al. | Synergistic role of carbon nanotube and yttria stabilised zirconia reinforcement on wear and corrosion resistance of Cr-based nano-composite coatings | |
Maharana et al. | Manifestation of Hall–Petch breakdown in nanocrystalline electrodeposited Ni-MoS2 coating and its structure dependent wear resistance behavior | |
Murugesan et al. | Extending the lifetime of oil and gas equipment with corrosion and erosion-resistant Ni-B-nanodiamond metal-matrix-nanocomposite coatings | |
Anwar et al. | Zn composite corrosion resistance coatings: What works and what does not work? | |
Ünal et al. | Effect of trimethylamine borane (TMAB) bath concentration on electrodeposited Ni–B/TiC nanocomposite coatings | |
Matsui et al. | Improvement in tensile ductility of electrodeposited bulk nanocrystalline Ni–W by sulfamate bath using propionic acid | |
JP2016517808A (ja) | 研削鋸引きワイヤとその製造方法および利用 | |
Morshed Behbahani et al. | A new method for electroplating of crack-free chromium coatings | |
WO2021199468A1 (ja) | 積層体、金属めっき液、および積層体の製造方法 | |
Firdouz et al. | Effect of carbonaceous reinforcements on anticorrosive and magnetic properties of Ni-Cu based composite coatings prepared by pulsed electrodeposition | |
Shinohara et al. | An effective strategy for improving the performance of electrodeposited Fe-W alloy plating: Tailoring microstructure by graphene incorporation | |
KR102043505B1 (ko) | 강판용 전기 도금액 및 이를 이용한 강판의 전기 도금 방법 | |
Das et al. | Electroless nickel-phosphorus deposits |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
RD02 | Notification of acceptance of power of attorney |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7422 Effective date: 20211119 |
|
RD04 | Notification of resignation of power of attorney |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7424 Effective date: 20211126 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20220929 |
|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20220929 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20231010 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20231201 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20240213 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20240405 |