JP2021140999A - 導電材、およびこれを利用した導電膜ならびに太陽電池 - Google Patents
導電材、およびこれを利用した導電膜ならびに太陽電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2021140999A JP2021140999A JP2020039321A JP2020039321A JP2021140999A JP 2021140999 A JP2021140999 A JP 2021140999A JP 2020039321 A JP2020039321 A JP 2020039321A JP 2020039321 A JP2020039321 A JP 2020039321A JP 2021140999 A JP2021140999 A JP 2021140999A
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- Non-Insulated Conductors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明に係る実施形態1の導電材6、および当該導電材6で構成される導電膜7の製造工程の概略図を、図1に示す。
本発明に係る実施形態2について、図2を用いて説明する。実施形態1の方法において、PSS酸を用いずにスチレンスルホン酸(SS酸)を用いて、導電材6を製造する。
本発明に係る実施形態3について、図3を用いて説明する。各種方法で作製された、膜状、パターン膜状、線状、スポンジ状等の任意の形状をしたCNT部材と、PSS酸を溶媒に溶かしたPSS酸溶液を準備し、CNT部材とPSS酸溶液を複合化して溶媒を除去することで、CNT-PSS酸導電材6を製造する。
本発明に係る実施形態4について、図4を用いて説明する。各種方法で作製された、膜状、パターン膜状、線状、網状、スポンジ状等の任意の形状をしたCNT部材と、SS酸を溶媒に溶かしたSS酸溶液を準備し、CNT部材とSS酸溶液を複合化して溶媒を除去することで、CNT-SS酸複合材を得る。さらにSS酸を重合することで、CNT-PSS酸導電材6を製造する。
本実施例では、CNTの分散および製膜処理の一例として、図5に概略的に示されるようにして、CNTの分散および製膜処理を行った。FCCVDで製造された1 mgのCNTの凝集体1(MEIJO eDIPS、EC grade、株式会社名城ナノカーボン、名古屋市、日本)を、30 mLのPSS酸水溶液2(ポリ(p-スチレンスルホン酸)、2 wt%、Wako、東京都、日本)に分散させた。CNTをPSS酸水溶液2中で分散させるために、2時間しっかりと撹拌し、その後、浴型超音波洗浄機(VS-50R、VELVO-CLEAR、東京都、日本)内で、0〜60分間、超音波処理を行った。超音波処理後、4000 rpmで10分間、遠心分離を行った。次工程の吸引濾過による膜製造のために上澄み3を使用し、沈殿物4を次のサイクルの分散工程で使用した。
本実施例のPSS酸ドープCNT膜7は、吸引濾過法によって製造された。50〜200 μLのCNT分散液と、15 mLの純水とを混合し、親水性のセルロースエステルメンブレンフィルタ5(VCWP、0.1 μmの細孔直径、Merck Millipore、Darmstadt、ドイツ)上に吸引濾過した。PSS酸ドープCNT膜7の厚さは、懸濁液の濾過量を変えることにより制御した。メンブレンフィルタ5は、その後、導電膜7が乾燥する前に、注意深く純水に浸された。導電膜7はメンブレンフィルタ5から分離されて水の上に浮いた。その後、導電膜7はポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)膜(38 μm厚、帝人フィルムソリューション株式会社、東京都、日本)、石英ガラスまたはSiの基板上に移された。最後に、基板上の導電膜7を、ホットプレート上で、70℃で10分間、乾燥した。
比較例として、PEDOT:PSS膜、および、硝酸(HNO3)ドープCNT膜を作製した。PEDOT:PSS膜は、PEDOT:PSS(500 S/cm、Heraeus Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG、レバークーゼン、ドイツ)溶液を、2000 rpmで1分間スピンコートし、続けて135℃で10分間アニーリングして形成した。
上澄み3のCNT濃度は、紫外線可視分光測光装置(UV-vis;V-630、日本分光株式会社, 東京都, 日本)を使用して光学的吸収を測定し、較正直線を使用して決定した。
CNTは、上述の分散-製膜処理により、PSS酸水溶液2に分散させた(図5)。PSS酸は、水中におけるCNTの分散剤として優れた性能を示し、撹拌しただけでCNTの一部の分散を実現した。CNT-PSS酸水溶液の超音波処理を行った後、分散したCNTの量が増えた濃い色の溶液が得られた。図6は、本実施例のPSS酸ドープCNT膜7の透過率スペクトルを示し、550 nmで91.8%の高い透明度を示している。図7に示すSEM写真図は、塊のないCNT束のランダムなネットワークを示している。また、分散-製膜処理において、分散溶液の沈殿物4をCNTの凝集体1として再利用し、上澄み3を利用して高品質の導電材6および導電膜7を製造する繰り返しプロセスの有用性も分かった。
<厚さの異なるPSS酸ドープCNT膜の製造>
Ch. Laurent, et al., Carbon 2010, 48, 2989.
PSS酸の密度は1.11 g/cm3である。これは以下のURLのWebサイトを参照できる。
https://www.chemicalbook.com/chemicalproductproperty_en_cb2307202.htm
実施例(<PSS酸ドープCNT膜の製造>)より、この膜はCNTを61質量%、PSS酸を39質量%含むと見積もられ、この膜1 cm3あたりCNTを0.26 g、0.17 cm3、PSS酸を0.17 g、0.15 cm3含むと計算できるため、空隙は0.68 cm3、空隙率は68体積%と見積もられる。
T. Ishida, et al., J. Soc. Mater. Sci. Jpn. 2007, 56, 1005.
これより、ナフィオン塗工時にCNT-PSS酸膜の空隙にナフィオンが3.4 μg/cm2浸透し、CNT 0.7 μg/cm2、PSS酸0.4 μg/cm2、ナフィオン3.4 μg/cm2からなりナフィオンを76質量%含むCNT-PSS酸-ナフィオン複合膜を形成したと見積もられる。その上に、余剰の約48 μg/cm2のナフィオンが厚さ約250 nmのナフィオン層を形成したと見積もられる。作製した実施例たるナフィオンコート・PSS酸ドープCNT膜/n-Siヘテロ接合太陽電池の発電特性を、ソーラーシミュレーター(分光計器株式会社製CEP-2000MLQ、キセノンランプ、AM1.5G、100 mW/cm2)および太陽電池評価システム(日本分光株式会社製YQ-2000)を用いて評価した。
2 PSS酸水溶液
3 上澄み
4 沈殿物
5 メンブレンフィルタ
6 導電材、CNT-PSS酸導電材
7 導電膜、CNT-PSS酸導電膜、PSS酸ドープCNT膜
8 太陽電池
9 Si基板
10 熱酸化膜(SiO2)
11 Au膜
12 Al膜
Claims (5)
- カーボンナノチューブ(CNT)とポリスチレンスルホン酸(PSS酸)との混合物を含む導電材。
- 前記混合物中の硫黄(S)と炭素(C)の元素比(S/C比)が原子数比で0.001以上0.1以下である請求項1に記載の導電材。
- 前記混合物中において、CNTとPSS酸とを合わせた含有率が10 wt%以上である請求項1または2に記載の導電材。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の導電材で構成され、CNTの面積載量が1 mg/m2以上10000 mg/m2以下である導電膜。
- 請求項4に記載の導電膜を半導体表面に備える太陽電池。
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