JP2021127769A - Small-sized water turbine device for hydraulic power generation - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a small-sized water turbine device for hydraulic power generation capable of operating a siphon phenomenon without providing a special device, and capable of rotationally driving a water turbine with high efficiency.SOLUTION: In a small-sized water turbine device for hydroelectric power generation, a plurality of blades 3b protruding outward in a spiral manner is formed inside a pressure pipe 1a formed in a cylindrical manner, and at the same time, a cylindrical water turbine 3a with a shaft 4 attached to one end side is rotatably arranged and transmitted to a generator. An inflow port 2a formed on one end side of the pressure pipe 1a is formed so as to incline so that an opening surface faces downward, a joint on the other end side of the pressure pipe 1a in which the cylindrical water turbine 3a is arranged is provided, and a head drop is provided on the downstream side of the inflow port 2a to arrange a pressure pipe 1b.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a small hydropower turbine device that is installed in an irrigation canal or the like to drive a generator.

In the past, water turbines and pipes were installed in flowing water such as irrigation canals, and the head was used to generate electricity at the downstream part of the pipes. Sufficient power generation cannot be achieved due to insufficient hydropower to generate power due to unstable water volume or small heads. This is because the water pressure and the amount of water for driving the turbine are small because the head of the irrigation canal is small. In order to improve the power generation efficiency even when the head is small, a hydroelectric power generation device applying the siphon principle has been proposed.

As a siphon type hydroelectric power generation device, for example, as shown in Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-184382, the water of the water source is guided to the water turbine of the power generation device by a siphon pipe, and an air reservoir is provided on the upper surface of the uppermost portion of the siphon pipe. It has been shown that by installing them in series, the air mixed in the water flow and flowing into the siphon pipe is collected, the water level is detected, and the air is automatically exhausted by a vacuum pump. As described above, in the conventional general siphon type hydroelectric power generation device, the siphon phenomenon is made to function by exhausting the air accumulated in the uppermost part of the siphon tube by a vacuum pump or the like and removing the air inside the siphon tube.

Jitsukaisho 59-184382A Gazette

In the siphon type hydraulic power generator, as shown in Patent Document 1, in order to make the siphon phenomenon function, the air at the uppermost part of the siphon pipe is exhausted, and in order to fill the inside of the siphon pipe with water, a vacuum pump or the like is used. There was a problem that it was necessary to install an exhaust device, which made the device complicated and expensive.

Further, a water turbine that rotates by a water flow guided into a siphon pipe is generally a propeller type or a spiral type, but the configuration is complicated and it is not suitable for a siphon pipe having a predetermined inner diameter. There is a problem that the efficiency of is not obtained.

Furthermore, when installed in an irrigation canal or the like, floating debris and pebbles often flow into the siphon pipe, which sometimes brakes the water turbine and makes it impossible to generate electricity.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a small hydraulic water turbine device capable of rotating and driving a water turbine with high efficiency by allowing a siphon phenomenon to operate without providing a special device due to a simple configuration. To do.

In order to solve the above problems, the small hydraulic power turbine device according to the present invention includes a pressure pipe formed in a cylindrical shape and having an inflow port formed on one end side inclined so that the opening surface faces downward. The cylindrical water turbine is provided with a cylindrical water turbine that is rotatably arranged inside the pressure pipe, forms a plurality of blades protruding outward and inward, and has a shaft attached to one end side. A small hydroelectric turbine for rotationally driving the cylindrical water turbine by arranging the other end side of the arranged pressure pipe with a drop on the downstream side of the inflow port and allowing running water to flow in from the inflow port of the pressure pipe. The gist of the blade is that the blades formed on the cylindrical water turbine are formed on the peripheral surface of the cylinder at an oblique distance in a spiral manner toward the outside or inward.

Further, the blades formed in the cylindrical water turbine are formed by dividing the peripheral surface of the cylinder by an odd number and bending it outward in a spiral shape. The same thing is rotated half a turn to form the blades so that they face each other, and the water flow in the pressure pipe is efficiently transmitted to the generator as a cylindrical water turbine.

Further, it is desirable to install an intake basin on one end side where the inflow port of the pressure pipe is formed. A separated and doubled wall is formed at the top, the upper end on the upstream side is higher than the flowing water surface, the wall on the downstream side is lower than the flowing water surface, and the bottom of the upstream side and the downstream side of the wall on the upstream side. Is opened to allow water to flow in.

According to the water turbine for small hydraulic power generation of the present invention, the inflow port formed on one end side of the pressure pipe formed in a cylindrical shape is formed by inclining so that the opening surface faces downward. When the inlet faces downward, the water surface is pressed by atmospheric pressure, and since the water below the water surface has buoyancy, the inflow port directed downward is pressed by atmospheric pressure, and the action of flowing water due to the buoyancy of water and the gravitational acceleration in the pressure pipe. Furthermore, due to the water pressure from the upstream, the water flow in the pressure pipe pushes out the air in the pressure pipe, causing a siphon phenomenon. The conditions under which the siphon phenomenon occurs are that the inlet of the pressure pipe is below the surface of the water and that the outlet on the downstream side is open to the atmosphere. As a result, the inside of the pressure pipe becomes a vacuum state, so that the flow velocity becomes faster than the flow velocity of the irrigation canal and the hydraulic power increases. It is possible to efficiently drive the connected generators to generate electricity.

Further, the blades formed on the cylindrical water turbine are formed by bending the peripheral surface of the cylinder in a spiral shape in the axial direction and the circumferential direction diagonally outward, so that the configuration is simple and a plurality of blades are formed. The wings can be easily manufactured. Since the water flow is driven in the rotation direction by the plurality of blades, the cylindrical water turbine can be rotated efficiently.

It is a side view which shows the water turbine apparatus for small hydroelectric power generation of this invention. It is a top view of the water turbine apparatus for small hydroelectric power generation shown in FIG. It is a development view which formed the blade of a cylindrical water turbine in a spiral shape. It is a front view which shows the blade bent to the outside of a cylindrical water turbine. It is a front view which shows the blade bent inward of a cylindrical water turbine. It is a front view showing the blade bent in the outer direction of the cylindrical water turbine. It is explanatory drawing which shows the siphon phenomenon by a pressure tube. It is explanatory drawing which shows the movement of the water of an intake basin.

The small hydraulic water turbine according to the present invention has a pressure pipe formed in a cylindrical shape and having an inflow port formed on one end side inclined so that the opening surface faces downward, and a rotatable inside of the pressure pipe. In addition to the pressure pipe in which the cylindrical water turbine is arranged, the pressure pipe is provided with a cylindrical water turbine having a shaft attached to one end side while forming a plurality of blades protruding outward or inward. A small hydraulic water turbine in which the end side is arranged on the downstream side of the inflow port and the running water flows in from the inflow port of the pressure pipe to rotate and drive the cylindrical water turbine. The blades formed in the above are spirally spaced diagonally on the peripheral surface of the cylinder and are formed toward the outside or inward.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 and 2 show a small hydroelectric water turbine device according to the present invention. A weir with a hole for piping the pressure pipe 1a is provided in an irrigation canal or the like to retain water, secure the amount of water, and install an intake basin in the water. The pressure pipe 1a to be piped to the intake basin is formed of a cylindrical pipe made of vinyl chloride and having a length of approximately 1.5 m, and an inflow port 2a is formed on one end side on the right side of the drawing. As shown in the figure, the inflow port 2a is formed so as to be inclined so that the cut end of the opening surface faces downward, and the opening area m of the elliptical inflow port 2a is larger than the inner diameter of the pressure pipe 1a. There is. Further, the inclination angle of the pressure pipe is an angle such that the shaft 4 attached to the cylindrical water turbine 3a, which will be described later, is led out by lowering the inclination angle of the pressure pipe slightly downstream with respect to the upper surface of the pressure pipe 1a so that air does not remain in the pipe. It is desirable to set to. On the other hand, when the other end side of the pressure pipe 1a is provided with a joint for connecting to the pressure pipe 1b and connected to the pressure pipe 1b, the height difference between the inflow port 2a of the pressure pipe 1a and the other end side is increased. It is desirable to connect an additional pressure tube to the other end side of the pressure tube 1b. The inclination angle of the pressure pipe 1b may be any angle as long as a head is provided from the inflow port 2a, as long as the outflow port 2b is open to the atmosphere.

A cylindrical water turbine 3a is arranged inside the pressure pipe 1a. Like the pressure pipe 1a, the cylindrical water turbine 3a is formed in a cylindrical shape by a pipe made of vinyl chloride and having a length of about 1 m. Further, the outer shape of the blade of the cylindrical water turbine 3a is smaller than the inner diameter of the pressure pipe 1a, and is set so that it can freely rotate in the pressure pipe 1a.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a plurality of blades 3b are formed on the outer surface of the cylindrical water turbine 3a so as to project outward. These blades 3b are formed by being bent diagonally outward in an axial direction 14 and a circumferential direction 15 with respect to the peripheral surface of the cylindrical water turbine 3a. These blades 3b are bent into a quadrangle. The shape of the blade 3b may be formed in a triangular shape, a trapezoidal shape, or a semicircular shape in addition to a quadrangle. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the blade 3b calculates the dimensions of the blade of the water turbine based on the coordinates obtained by dividing the outer circumference of the cylinder into five and setting the axial direction 14 and the circumferential direction 15. Calculate with a gap of (2), (3), and (4) so that the blade (1) and the blade (5) do not overlap in the axial direction. Copy the calculated blade dimensions to a cylinder and bend ▲ 1 ▼ ▲ 5 ▼ ▲ 9 ▼ ▲ 13 ▼ ▲ 17 ▼ to the outer method. The calculated value is rotated half a turn, and the blades are spirally curved slightly outward so that the blades face each other, and then bent. By increasing the distance between the wings, the rotational force can be transmitted to the cylindrical turbine 3a without reducing the hydraulic force in the pressure pipe. The inflow port of the pressure pipe 1a of the cylindrical water turbine 3a 2. A shaft 4 connected to the generator 5 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is attached to a. Then, power is generated by rotationally driving the generator 5 via the shaft 4 by the rotation of the cylindrical water turbine 3a.

FIG. 5 is a front view of the blades bent inward of the cylindrical water turbine. The outer circumference of the cylinder is divided into 13 parts, and ▲ 1 ▼ ▲ 5 ▼ ▲ 9 ▼ ▲ 13 ▼ ▲ 17 ▼ is bent inward. It is important that the central part of the cylindrical turbine does not have large blades so as not to interfere with the flow velocity due to the gravitational acceleration in the pressure pipe. FIG. 6 shows the blades of a cylindrical turbine suitable for a high head and a large amount of water. The outer circumference of the cylinder is divided into five parts, and ▲ 1 ▼ ▲ 3 ▼ ▲ 5 ▼ ▲ 7 ▼ ▲ 9 ▼ is bent by the outer method.

On the other hand, an intake basin 6 is installed at the inflow port 2a of the pressure pipe 1a, and water flows into the inflow port 2a through the intake basin 6. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the intake basin 6 is formed in a substantially pentagonal box shape with the upstream side as the apex in, for example, an irrigation canal, and the walls 6a and 6b are separated from the apex on the upstream side. Is doubly formed. The upper end of the upstream wall 6a is higher than the river running surface 8, the downstream wall 6b is formed lower than the flowing water surface 8, and the bottom between the upstream and downstream walls 6a and 6b. Is open and open, this intake basin 6 is made of concrete or plastic. It may be either a metal plate or a wooden plate.

Next, the movement of water for rotating the small hydropower turbine 3a according to the present invention will be described. As shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 7, and 8, the small water turbine 3a for power generation is installed in an irrigation canal in which water is retained or in an intake basin immersed in a river. At this time, as shown in the figure, the inflow port of the hydraulic pressure pipe 1a 2. The outlet of the pressure pipe 1b is installed with a head on the downstream side of the pressure pipe 1b.

The water flowing from the irrigation canal or the river 7 first flows into the intake basin 6 from the bottom between the outer wall 6a and the inner wall 6b of the intake basin, and then flows into the inflow port 2a of the pressure pipe 1a. At this time, since the pressure pipe 1a is immersed in the water surface 7, the inflow port 2. a is below the surface of the water. As shown in FIG. 7, while the water surface 8 is pressed by the atmospheric pressure 9, the water pressure 17 from the upstream and the buoyancy 10 as a reaction force are generated in the water. Inflow port of pressure pipe 1a 2. As shown in the figure, a has an opening area m in which the cut end of the opening surface is inclined downward, so that a buoyancy 10 is generated in the upper portion of the vertical opening of the inflow port 2a. The water that rises and hits the upper part of the inner surface and the buoyancy is blocked is sucked into the running water with increased water pressure 17 from the upstream and the gravitational acceleration G11 of the water flowing through the water pressure pipe 1b, and pushes out the air. This phenomenon is the same as the above-mentioned exhausting of the air ruin at the rear end of the siphon tube in the generally known siphon type hydroelectric power generation device, and the siphon phenomenon occurs in a vacuum state in which the air is excluded. As a result, the water of the river 7 flows into the inflow port 2a of the pressure pipe 1a with increasing momentum.

The water that has increased its momentum and flows into the pressure pipe 1a also flows into the cylindrical water turbine 3a. Since water flows into the inside of the cylindrical turbine 3a, the inside of the inner tube becomes the core of the turbine because there is no load on the flowing water due to the gravitational acceleration G11, and the outside spirals outward in the axial direction. A rotational driving force can be obtained by pressing a plurality of blades 3b formed so as to project in an inclined square shape with hydraulic force. It is rotationally driven by the generator 5 via the shaft 4 by the rotation of the cylindrical water turbine 3a.

Inflow port of pressure pipe 1a 2. Water flows into a via the intake basin 6. As described above, the intake basin 6 is formed in a substantially pentagonal box shape, and the outer wall 6a and the inner wall 6b are double formed at the top on the upstream side, and the upper end of the outer wall 6a on the upstream side is formed. , The inner wall 6b on the downstream side is formed lower than the flowing water surface 8 of the river, the bottom portion between the walls 6a6b is opened on the upstream side and the downstream side, and both sides are open. Solids such as floating matter 12 and pebbles 13 of various species flow in a river 7 such as an irrigation canal, and if they invade the cylindrical water turbine 3a, an accident of non-rotation occurs. For example, when the suspended matter 12 flows on the water surface 8 of the river 7, the upper end of the outer wall 6a on the upstream side of the intake basin 6 is made higher than the water surface 8 of the river 7, and the top is formed like an arrow. Therefore, the suspended matter 12 is distributed to either the left or right side of the outer wall 6a on the upstream side and flows in the downstream direction.

On the other hand, since the solid matter 13 such as pebbles has a large specific gravity and precipitates, the top is distributed to either the left or right by the outer surface of the inner wall 6b on the downstream side formed like an arrow, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 8. .. Since both sides between the outer wall 6a on the upstream side and the inner wall 6b on the downstream side are open, the solid matter 13 is swept along the outer surface of the wall 6b and flows out to the outside of the intake basin 6. Therefore, the solid matter 13 is also prevented from reaching the pressure pipe 1a.

In this way, the intake basin 6 removes the floating matter 12 by the outer wall 6a on the upstream side and the solid matter 13 such as pebbles by the inner wall 6b on the downstream side. Only the flowing water of the water turbine is allowed to flow, and the pressure pipe 1a can cause a siphon phenomenon. As a result, the cylindrical water turbine 3a can be rotationally driven with maximum efficiency.

Although the whole picture of the present invention has been specifically described above, it is needless to say that the present invention is not limited and the species can be deformed without departing from the gist thereof. For example, the inclination angle of the inflow port of the pressure pipe may be an acute angle or an obtuse angle than the angle shown in the figure, and the opening surface may be curved instead of straight. Further, the shape of the intake basin may be changed as appropriate according to the condition of the river.

1a Pressure pipe 1b Pressure pipe 2a Inflow port 2b Outlet 3a Cylindrical turbine 3b Cylindrical turbine blade 4 Shaft 5 Generator 6 Intake basin 6a Intake basin outer wall 6b Intake basin inner wall 7 River, irrigation channel 7a Weir 8 Flow surface 9 Atmospheric pressure 10 Buoyancy 11 Flowing water due to gravitational acceleration 12 Floating matter 13 Pebbles 14 Axial 15 Circumferential direction 16 Water flow 17 Water pressure from upstream

Claims (1)

A pressure tube formed by inclining an inflow port formed in a cylindrical shape and formed on one end side so that the opening surface faces downward, and a pressure tube rotatably arranged inside the pressure tube to the outside and inside. A plurality of blades protruding toward the surface are formed, and a cylindrical water turbine having a shaft attached to one end side is provided, and the other end side of the pressure pipe in which the cylindrical water turbine is arranged is located downstream of the inflow port. It is a water turbine device that is arranged with a head and allows running water to flow in from the inflow port of the pressure pipe to rotate and drive the cylindrical water turbine.
A small hydraulic water turbine device characterized in that the blades formed on the cylindrical water turbine are formed on the peripheral surface of the cylinder at an oblique distance in a spiral shape toward the outside or inward.

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