JP7048004B2 - Water turbine device for small hydroelectric power generation - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a small hydropower turbine for driving a generator by installing it in an irrigation canal or the like having a small height difference.

In the past, water turbines and pipes were installed in flowing water such as irrigation canals, and the head was used to generate electricity at the downstream part of the pipes. Sufficient power generation cannot be achieved due to insufficient hydropower to generate power due to unstable water volume or a small head. This is because the water pressure and the amount of water for driving the turbine are small because the head of the irrigation canal is small. It is a hydroelectric power generation device that applies the siphon principle in order to improve the power generation efficiency even when the head is small.

As a siphon-type hydroelectric power generation device, for example, as shown in Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-184382, the water of the water source is guided to the water wheel of the power generation device by a siphon pipe, and an air reservoir is provided on the upper surface of the uppermost portion of the siphon pipe. It has been shown that the continuous installation collects the air mixed in the water flow and flows into the siphon pipe, detects the water level, and automatically exhausts it by a vacuum pump. As described above, in the conventional general siphon type hydroelectric power generation device, the siphon phenomenon is made to function by exhausting the air accumulated in the uppermost part of the siphon tube by a vacuum pump or the like and removing the air inside the siphon tube.

Jitsukaisho 59-184382A Gazette

In the siphon type hydraulic power generation device, as shown in Patent Document 1, in order to make the siphon phenomenon function, the air at the uppermost part of the siphon tube is exhausted, and in order to fill the inside of the siphon tube with water, a vacuum pump or the like is used. There was a problem that it was necessary to install an exhaust device, which made the device complicated and expensive.

In addition, the water turbine that rotates by the water flow guided into the siphon pipe is generally a propeller type or a spiral type, but the configuration is complicated and it is not suitable for a siphon pipe with a predetermined inner diameter. There is a problem that the specified efficiency cannot be obtained.

Furthermore, when installed in an irrigation canal or the like, floating debris and pebbles often flow into the siphon pipe, which may cause the water turbine to stop or brake, making it impossible to generate electricity.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a small hydropower turbine that can operate a siphon with a simple configuration without providing a special device and can rotate and drive the turbine with high efficiency. It is in.

In order to solve the above problems, the small hydroelectric turbine according to the present invention has a cylindrical pressure pipe and a plurality of blades rotatably arranged inside the pressure pipe and protruding inward. A small hydroelectric turbine equipped with a cylindrical water turbine having a shaft connected to a generator on one end side, and flowing water from the inlet of the pressure pipe to rotate and drive the cylindrical water turbine. The inflow port formed on one end side of the pressure pipe is immersed in a river so as to be below the water surface, and is formed by inclining the opening surface of the inflow port so as to face downward. The gist is that the other end side of the pressure pipe in which the water turbine is arranged is placed below the river bottom side from the inflow port.

Further, it is desirable that the blades formed in the cylindrical water turbine are formed into a triangular shape by making cuts in the circumferential direction and the circumferential direction of the peripheral surface of the cylinder and bending them inward.

Further, an intake basin is installed on one end side where the inflow port of the pressure pipe is formed, and the intake basin is formed in a substantially pentagonal box shape with the upstream side of the flowing water as the top, and is formed on the top of the upstream side. Is separated to form a double wall, the upper end of the upstream wall is higher than the water surface, the downstream wall is lower than the running water surface, and the bottom between the upstream and downstream walls is It is desirable to open it.

According to the water turbine for small hydroelectric power generation of the present invention, the inflow port formed on one end side of the pressure pipe formed in a cylindrical shape is immersed in the river to be below the water surface, and the opening surface of the inflow port is on the lower side. Since it is formed so as to be inclined toward, the water flowing into the inflow port is pushed toward the pressure pipe, and moreover, air such as air bubbles contained in the water rises from the inside of the inflow port, so that the inside of the pressure pipe is formed. The siphon phenomenon occurs because the air is excluded. As a result, since the inside of the pressure pipe becomes a vacuum state, the flow velocity becomes faster than the flow velocity of the irrigation canal, and the cylindrical water turbine rotatably arranged inside the pressure pipe can be rotationally driven at a higher speed and connected to the cylindrical water wheel. It is possible to efficiently drive the generated generator to generate electricity.

In addition, the blades formed in the cylindrical water turbine are formed in a triangular shape by making notches in the axial and circumferential directions on the peripheral surface of the cylinder and bending the diagonal inward, so the configuration is simple. Moreover, multiple blades can be easily manufactured. Moreover, since the water flow is driven in the rotational direction by a plurality of blades formed in a triangular shape, the cylindrical water turbine can be efficiently rotated.

Furthermore, the intake basin arranged on one end side where the inflow port of the pressure pipe is formed changes the height of the double wall separated from each other so that water can flow in from the bottom side of the pipe of the two walls. Therefore, it is possible to prevent floating dust on the wall on the upstream side and block the inflow of pebbles on the wall of the downstream river, and it is possible to prevent the cylindrical water turbine from stopping due to floating dust and pebbles.

It is a side view which shows the Example of the water turbine for small hydroelectric power generation of this invention. It is a top view of the water turbine for small hydroelectric power generation shown in FIG. It is a front view which shows the cylindrical water wheel. It is explanatory drawing which shows the siphon phenomenon by a pressure tube. It is explanatory drawing which shows the same left of the intake basin.

The small hydraulic water turbine according to the present invention has a cylindrical pressure tube and a rotatably arranged inside the pressure tube to form a plurality of blades protruding inward and one end side. A small hydroelectric turbine having a cylindrical water turbine to which a shaft connected to a generator is attached, and flowing water from the inlet of the pressure pipe to rotate and drive the cylindrical water turbine. The inflow port formed on one end side of the water turbine is immersed in a river so as to be below the water surface, and the opening surface of the inflow port is inclined so as to face downward , and the cylindrical water turbine is arranged. The other end of the pressure pipe is placed below the inflow port to the bottom of the river.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 and 2 show an example of a small hydroelectric water turbine according to the present invention. The pressure pipe 1 is made of vinyl chloride and is formed in a cylindrical shape by a plastic such as a pipe having a length of about 1 m to 4 m, and an inflow port 1a is formed on one end side on the right side of the drawing. As shown in the figure, the inflow port 1a is formed so as to be inclined so that the cut end of the opening surface faces downward, and the opening area M of the elliptical inflow port 1a is larger than the inner diameter of the pressure pipe 1. There is. The inclination angle is approximately 30 to 60 degrees with respect to the upper surface of the pressure pipe 1, but it is desirable to set the angle so that the shaft 3 attached to the cylindrical water turbine 2 described later is derived. On the other hand, the other end side of the pressure tube 1 is formed at a right angle. When increasing the height difference between the inflow port 1a of the pressure pipe 1 and the other end side, it is desirable to connect an additional pressure pipe 1 to the other end side of the pressure pipe 1.

Inside the pressure pipe 1, a cylindrical water turbine 2 is rotatably arranged. Like the pressure pipe 1, the cylindrical water turbine 2 is made of vinyl chloride and is formed in a cylindrical shape by plastic such as a pipe having a length of about 1 m to 4 m. Further, the outer shape of the cylindrical water turbine 2 is smaller than the inner diameter of the pressure pipe 1, and is set so that it can freely rotate in the pressure pipe 1.

As shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of blades 2a are formed on the inner surface of the cylindrical water turbine 2 so as to project inward. The blades 2a make one cut in each of the axial direction and the circumferential direction with respect to the peripheral surface of the cylindrical water turbine 2, and bend a straight line diagonally toward the inside of the cylindrical water turbine 2. As a result, it is formed in a triangular shape, and the tip side of the triangular shape is projected inward. It is desirable that the blades 2a are set to an arbitrary number as needed, and the positions in the circumferential direction to be formed are such that 2 to 4 blades 2a are arranged at equal intervals in consideration of rotational balance. The plurality of blades 2a may be arranged spirally while being displaced in the axial direction, even if they are not on the same circle.

A shaft 3 connected to the generator 4 shown in FIG. 1 is attached to the inflow port 1a side of the pressure pipe 1 of the cylindrical water turbine 2. Then, power is generated by rotationally driving the generator 4 via the shaft 3 by the rotation of the cylindrical water turbine 2.

On the other hand, an intake basin 5 is installed at the inflow port 1a of the pressure pipe 1, and water flows into the inflow port 1a through the intake basin 5. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and 5, the intake basin 5 is formed in a substantially pentagonal box shape with the upstream side of the river 6 as the apex, such as an irrigation canal, and is separated from the apex on the upstream side. The walls 5a and 5b are doubly formed. The upper end of the upstream wall 5a is formed higher than the flowing water surface 6a of the river 6, the downstream wall 5b is formed lower than the flowing water surface 6a, and the bottom portion between the upstream side and the downstream side wall 5a5b is formed. The intake basin 5 is made of plastic, which is open and is open without any walls on both sides. Either a metal plate or wood may be used.

Next, the operation of the small hydroelectric water turbine according to the present invention will be described. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the small water turbine is immersed in, for example, an irrigation canal. At this time, as shown in the figure, the other end side of the pressure pipe 1 is lowered to the riverbed on the downstream side of the inflow port 1a.

The water flowing from the river 6 such as the irrigation canal first flows into the intake basin 5 and then flows into the inflow port 1a of the pressure pipe 1. At this time, since the pressure pipe 1 is immersed in the river 6, the inflow port 1a is below the water surface of the water surface 6a. While the water surface 6a is pressed by atmospheric pressure, buoyancy as a reaction force is generated in the water. As shown in the figure, the inflow port 1a of the pressure pipe 1 has an opening area M in which the cut end of the opening surface is inclined downward. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, the inflow port 1a has an opening area M. At the upper part of the vertical opening, the buoyant water rises to the upper part of the inner surface of the inflow port 1a as shown by the arrow. This phenomenon is the same as the above-mentioned exhausting of the air source at the uppermost part of the siphon pipe in the conventionally known siphon type hydroelectric power generation device, and since the inflow port 1a is inclined, the opening area M The upper part of the opening is in a vacuum state where air is excluded. At this time, in places other than the opening of the inflow port 1a, the rise of water is blocked by the peripheral surface of the pressure pipe 1 as shown by the dotted line. As a result, the water of the river 6 flows into the inflow port 1a of the pressure pipe 1 with increasing momentum.

The water that has flowed into the pressure pipe 1 with increasing momentum flows into the cylindrical water turbine 2. The water flows into the inside of the cylindrical water turbine 2 and rotates by pressing a plurality of blades 2a formed so as to project inward. Since the plurality of blades 2a are formed in a triangular shape inclined with respect to the axial direction, a rotational driving force can be obtained by the blades 2a. On the other hand, water also flows into the inner surface of the pressure pipe 1 and the inner surface of the cylindrical water turbine 2. At this time, buoyancy is generated in the surroundings by the rotation of the cylindrical water turbine 2, and a function equivalent to that of a kind of dynamic pressure bearing is generated, so that the contact load is significantly reduced. In this way, the rotation of the cylindrical water turbine 2 is rotationally driven by the generator 4 via the shaft 3.

Water flows into the inflow port 1a of the pressure pipe 1 via the intake basin 5. As described above, the intake basin 5 is formed in a box shape having a substantially pentagonal shape, and walls 5a and 5b are doubly formed at the top of the upstream side at a distance, and the upper end of the wall 5a on the upstream side is formed. The wall 5b on the downstream side is formed higher than the water surface 6a of the river 6 and lower than the water surface 6a, and the bottom between the wall 5a5b is opened on the upstream side and the downstream side, and both sides are open. .. A kind of floating matter 7 and a solid matter 8 such as pebbles flow in a river 6 such as an irrigation canal, and if they invade the cylindrical water turbine 2, an accident of non-rotation occurs. For example, when the suspended matter 7 flows on the water surface 6a of the river 6, the upper end of the wall 5a on the upstream side of the intake basin 5 is made higher than the water surface 6a of the river 6 and the top is formed like an arrow. Therefore, the suspended matter 7 is distributed to either the left or right side of the wall 5a on the upstream side and flows in the downstream direction.

On the other hand, since the solid matter 8 such as pebbles has a large specific gravity and precipitates, the top is distributed to either the left or right by the outer surface of the wall 5b on the downstream side formed like an arrow, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 5. .. Since both sides between the upstream wall 5a and the downstream wall 5b are open, the solid 8 is swept along the outer surface of the wall 5b and flows out of the intake basin 5. Therefore, the solid matter 8 is also prevented from reaching the pressure tube 1.

In this way, the intake basin 5 eliminates the floating matter 7 by the upstream wall 5a and the solid matter 8 such as pebbles by the downstream wall 5b, so that the river 6 is at the inflow port 1a of the pressure pipe 1. Only the running water of the water turbine is allowed to flow, and the pressure pipe 1 can cause a siphon phenomenon. As a result, the cylindrical water turbine 2 can be rotationally driven with maximum efficiency.

Although the present invention has been specifically described above based on the examples, it is needless to say that the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned examples and can be transformed into species within a range not deviating from the gist thereof. For example, in the above-described embodiment, the inclination angle of the inflow port of the pressure tube may be an acute angle or an obtuse angle than the angle shown in the figure, and the opening surface may be curved instead of a straight line. Furthermore, the shape of the intake basin may be changed as appropriate according to the state of the river.

1 Pressure pipe 1a Inflow port 2 Cylindrical water wheel 2a Blade 3 Shaft 4 Generator 5 Intake basin 5a Wall 5b Wall 6 River 6a Flow surface 7 Floating matter 8 Pebbles

Claims (3)

A pressure tube formed in a cylindrical shape and a shaft rotatably arranged inside the pressure tube to form a plurality of blades protruding inward, and a shaft connected to a generator is attached to one end side. A small hydroelectric turbine that is provided with a cylindrical water turbine and is driven by rotating water by flowing water from the inflow port of the pressure pipe. The inflow port formed on one end side of the pressure pipe is , Immersed in a river so that it is below the water surface, and is formed by inclining so that the opening surface of the inflow port faces downward, and the other end side of the pressure pipe in which the cylindrical water turbine is arranged is from the inflow port. A small hydroelectric turbine that is characterized by being placed down on the bottom of the river. The blade formed in the cylindrical water turbine according to claim 1 is formed in a triangular shape by making a notch in the circumferential direction of the cylinder in the axial direction and the circumferential direction and bending the diagonal line inward. The described small hydropower turbine An intake basin is installed on one end side where the inflow port of the pressure pipe is formed, and the intake basin is formed in a substantially pentagonal box shape with the upstream side of the flowing water as the apex, and is separated from the apex on the upstream side. A doubled wall was formed, the upper end of the upstream wall was higher than the water surface, the downstream wall was lower than the running water surface, and the bottom between the upstream and downstream walls was opened. The small hydroelectric water turbine according to claim 1.

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