JP7131752B2 - Water turbine device for small hydroelectric power generation - Google Patents

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a water turbine for small hydroelectric power generation installed in an irrigation channel or the like to drive a generator.

In the past, water turbines were placed in flowing water such as irrigation canals, or pipes were installed to generate electricity downstream of the pipes using the difference in head. Sufficient power generation is not possible due to insufficient water power for generating power due to unstable water volume and small head. This is because the water pressure and amount of water required to drive the water turbine are small due to the small head of the irrigation canal. Hydraulic generators that apply the siphon principle have been proposed in order to increase power generation efficiency even when the head is small.

As a siphon-type hydroelectric generator, for example, as shown in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 59-184382, water from a water source is guided to a water wheel of the generator using a siphon pipe, and an air reservoir is provided on the upper surface of the highest part of the siphon pipe. It is shown that the continuous installation collects the air mixed with the water flow and flowed into the siphon pipe, detects the water level, and automatically exhausts the air with a vacuum pump. In this way, conventional general siphon type hydroelectric generators function the siphon phenomenon by evacuating the air accumulated in the highest part of the siphon pipe with a vacuum pump or the like to remove the air inside the siphon pipe.

Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 59-184382

A siphon type hydraulic power generator, as shown in Patent Document 1, in order to make the siphon phenomenon work, exhausts the air at the top of the siphon pipe and fills the inside of the siphon pipe with water, using a vacuum pump or the like. of exhaust equipment, the equipment becomes complicated and expensive.

In general, propeller-type and spiral-type water turbines are often used for water turbines that are rotated by the water flow introduced into the siphon pipe. There is a problem that the efficiency of

Furthermore, when installed in an irrigation channel, etc., floating debris and pebbles often flow into the siphon pipe, which can brake the water wheel and prevent power generation.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a water turbine device for small-sized hydroelectric power generation, which can cause a siphon phenomenon with a simple structure without providing a special device, and can rotationally drive the water turbine with high efficiency. to do.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a water turbine device for small hydroelectric power generation according to the present invention includes: a pressure pipe formed in a cylindrical shape and having an inlet formed at one end thereof with an opening inclined downward; A cylindrical water wheel is rotatably disposed inside the pressure pipe, and has a plurality of blades protruding outward and inward, and a shaft is attached to one end of the water wheel. A water turbine for small hydroelectric power generation, in which the other end side of the pressure pipe is arranged with a head downstream of the inlet, and water flows in from the inlet of the pressure pipe to rotationally drive the cylindrical water turbine. The gist of the invention is that the blades formed on the cylindrical water turbine are spirally formed on the peripheral surface of the cylinder with oblique intervals and directed outwardly or inwardly.

Further, the blades formed on the cylindrical water wheel are formed by dividing the peripheral surface of the cylinder by an odd number and bending them spirally outward. The same one is rotated halfway to form a cylindrical water wheel so that the blades face each other to efficiently transmit the rotational motion of the water flow in the pressure pipe to the generator.

Furthermore, it is desirable to install a water intake pit on the one end side where the inlet of the pressure pipe is formed. The top is formed with spaced apart double walls, the upper end of the upstream side is higher than the flowing water surface, the downstream wall is lower than the flowing water surface, and the bottoms of the upstream side of the upstream and downstream walls are is opened to allow water to flow in.

According to the water turbine for small hydroelectric power generation of the present invention, the inlet formed at one end of the pressure pipe formed in a cylindrical shape is formed so that the opening faces downward, so that the flow When the inlet faces downward, the water surface is pressed down by the atmospheric pressure, and since the water below the surface has buoyancy, the inlet facing downward is pressed by the atmospheric pressure, and the buoyancy of the water and the gravitational acceleration in the pressure tube act on the flowing water. Furthermore, the water pressure from the upstream causes the water flow in the pressure pipe to push out the air in the pressure pipe, causing a siphon phenomenon. Siphoning occurs under the condition that the inlet of the pressure pipe is below the surface of the water and the downstream outlet is open to the atmosphere. As a result, the inside of the pressure pipe becomes a vacuum, so the flow speed is faster than that of the irrigation channel, and the water power increases. It is possible to efficiently drive the connected generators to generate power.

In addition, the blades formed on the cylindrical water turbine are formed by protruding outward and inward so that a plurality of blades form a spiral on the peripheral surface of the cylinder, and the plurality of blades do not overlap in the axial direction. By spacing the blades like this, the hydraulic force in the pressure pipe passes through the spaced blades and is applied to the blades on the downstream side. can tell This vane is simple in construction and can be easily manufactured in multiple vanes. Since the water flow is driven in the rotational direction by the plurality of blades, the cylindrical water turbine can be efficiently rotated.

It is a side view showing a water turbine device for small hydroelectric power generation of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a plan view of the water turbine device for small hydroelectric power generation shown in FIG. 1 ; FIG. 2 is a development view of spirally formed blades of a cylindrical water turbine. FIG. 4 is a front view showing outwardly bent blades of the cylindrical water turbine; FIG. 4 is a front view showing the inwardly bent blades of the cylindrical water turbine; FIG. 4 is a front view showing blades bent outwardly of a cylindrical water turbine; It is an explanatory view showing a siphon phenomenon caused by a pressure tube. It is explanatory drawing which shows the movement of the water of a water intake pit.

A water turbine for small hydroelectric power generation according to the present invention comprises a pressure tube formed in a cylindrical shape and having an inflow port formed at one end thereof inclined so that the opening faces downward; A cylindrical water wheel having a plurality of blades protruding outward and inward and having a shaft attached to one end side, the pressure pipe in which the cylindrical water wheel is arranged. A water turbine for small hydroelectric power generation in which the end side is arranged with a drop downstream from the inlet, and the cylindrical water turbine is rotationally driven by flowing water from the inlet of the pressure pipe. The blades are formed on the peripheral surface of the cylinder in a helical manner with oblique intervals and directed outward and inward.

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. 1 and 2 show a water turbine device for small hydroelectric power generation according to the present invention. A weir with a hole for piping the pressure pipe 1a is provided in an irrigation channel or the like to retain water and secure a water volume, and a water intake basin is installed in the water. A pressure pipe 1a connected to the water intake basin is formed of a vinyl chloride cylindrical pipe having a length of approximately 1.5 m, and an inlet 2a is formed at one end on the right side of the drawing. As shown in the figure, the inflow port 2a is inclined so that the cut end of the opening faces downward, and the opening area m of the elliptical inflow port 2a is larger than the inner diameter of the pressure pipe 1a. there is In addition, the inclination angle of the pressure pipe is such that the downstream side is slightly lowered with respect to the upper surface of the pressure pipe 1a so that air does not remain in the pipe, and the shaft 4 attached to the cylindrical water turbine 3a described later is led out. should be set to On the other hand, the other end of the pressure pipe 1a is connected to the pressure pipe 1b by providing a joint for connecting to the pressure pipe 1b. , it is desirable to connect an additional pressure pipe to the other end of the pressure pipe 1b. The angle of inclination of the pressure pipe 1b may be any angle as long as a head is provided from the inflow port 2a, and the outflow port 2b may be open to the atmosphere.

A cylindrical water turbine 3a is arranged inside the pressure pipe 1a. Like the pressure pipe 1a, the cylindrical water turbine 3a is formed in a cylindrical shape by a vinyl chloride pipe having a length of approximately 1 m. Furthermore, the outer shape of the blades of the cylindrical water wheel 3a is smaller than the inner diameter of the pressure tube 1a, and is set so as to be freely rotatable within the pressure tube 1a.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a plurality of blades 3b are formed on the outer surface of the cylindrical water wheel 3a so as to protrude outward. These blades 3b are formed by spirally bending obliquely outward in the axial direction 14 and the circumferential direction 15 with respect to the peripheral surface of the cylindrical water turbine 3a. These blades 3b are bent into a quadrilateral shape. The shape of the blades 3b may be rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal, or semicircular. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 3, for the blades 3b, the dimensions of the blades of the water turbine are calculated from the coordinates in the axial direction 14 and the circumferential direction 15 obtained by dividing the outer circumference of the cylinder into five. The blades (1) and (5) are not overlapped in the axial direction, and the intervals (2), (3), and (4) are provided for calculation. Transfer the calculated dimensions of the blade onto a cylinder, and bend (1), (5), (9), (13), and (17) outward . The calculated blades are rotated half a turn, and the blades are spirally curved and bent outward so that the blades face each other. By increasing the interval between the blades , it is possible to transmit the rotational force to the cylindrical water turbine 3a without reducing the hydraulic power in the pressure pipe. The inlet 2 of the pressure pipe 1a of this cylindrical water turbine 3a. A shaft 4 connected to the generator 5 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is attached to a. Electric power is generated by rotating the generator 5 through the shaft 4 by the rotation of the cylindrical water turbine 3a.

FIG. 5 is a front view of the inwardly bent blades of the cylindrical water turbine. The outer periphery of the cylinder is divided into 13 parts, and (1), (5), (9), (13), and (17) are bent inward. It is important not to make the blades large in the central part of the cylindrical water turbine so as not to hinder the flow velocity due to the gravitational acceleration in the pressure pipe. FIG. 6 shows the blades of a cylindrical water turbine suitable for high head and high water flow. The outer circumference of the cylinder is divided into 5 parts, and (1), (3), (5), (7), and (9) are bent outward .

On the other hand, a water intake pit 6 is installed at the inlet 2a of the pressure pipe 1a, and water flows into the inlet 2a through the water intake pit 6. As shown in FIG. As shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 8, the water intake pit 6 is formed in, for example, an irrigation channel or the like in a substantially pentagonal box shape with the top portion on the upstream side. is formed in duplicate. The upper end of the wall 6a on the upstream side is higher than the flowing water surface 8 of the river, the wall 6b on the downstream side is formed lower than the flowing water surface 8, and the bottom portion between the upstream and downstream walls 6a and 6b is formed to be lower than the flowing water surface 8. is opened and released, this intake basin 6 is made of concrete or plastic. Either a metal plate or wood may be used.

Next, the movement of water for rotating the water turbine 3a for small hydroelectric power generation according to the present invention will be described. As shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 7 and 8, the small water turbine 3a for power generation is installed in an irrigation channel in which water is retained or in a water intake pit immersed in a river. At this time, as shown in the figure, the inlet 2. of the water pressure pipe 1a is closed. The outflow port of the pressure pipe 1b is installed with a drop on the downstream side of a.

Water flowing from the irrigation channel or the river 7 first flows into the water intake basin 6 from the bottom between the outer wall 6a and the inner wall 6b of the water intake basin, and then flows into the inlet 2a of the pressure pipe 1a. At this time, since the pressure pipe 1a is immersed under the water surface 7, the inflow port 2.a. a is below the water surface. As shown in FIG. 7, the water surface 8 is pressed by the atmospheric pressure 9, while the water pressure 17 from upstream and the buoyancy 10 as a reaction force are generated in the water. Inlet of pressure tube 1a2. As shown in the drawing, a has an opening area m in which the cut end of the opening surface is inclined downward, so a buoyancy force 10 is generated at the upper part of the vertical opening of the inlet 2a. The water, which rises and hits the upper part of the inner surface and whose buoyancy is blocked, is sucked by the water pressure 17 from the upstream and the water flowing in the water pressure pipe 1b with an increased gravitational acceleration G11 and pushes out the air. This phenomenon is the same as exhausting the air at the rear end of the siphon tube in the conventionally known siphon type hydroelectric power generator, and a vacuum state is created in which the air is removed and the siphon phenomenon occurs. As a result, the water of the river 7 flows into the inlet 2a of the pressure pipe 1a with increased momentum.

The water that flows into the pressure pipe 1a with increased momentum also flows into the cylindrical water turbine 3a. As the water flows into the cylindrical water turbine 3a, the inner side of the inner tube becomes the core of the water turbine because there is no load on the flowing water due to the gravitational acceleration G11, and the outer side spirals outward in the axial direction. A rotational driving force can be obtained by hydraulically pressing a plurality of blades 3b formed to protrude in an inclined quadrangular shape. The rotation of the cylindrical water wheel 3a drives the generator 5 to rotate through the shaft 4. As shown in FIG.

Inlet of pressure tube 1a2. Water flows into a through the water intake basin 6 . As described above, the water intake pit 6 is formed in a substantially pentagonal box shape, and has an outer wall 6a and an inner wall 6b that are separated from each other at the top of the upstream side. , the inner wall 6b on the downstream side is formed lower than the flowing water surface 8, the bottom between the walls 6a and 6b on the upstream side and the downstream side is open, and both sides are open. Floating matter 12 and solid matter such as pebbles 13 flow in the river 7 like an irrigation channel, and when these matter enter the cylindrical water turbine 3a, an accident that prevents rotation occurs. For example, when the floating matter 12 flows on the water surface 8 of the river 7, the upper end of the outer wall 6a on the upstream side of the intake basin 6 is higher than the flowing water surface 8 of the river 7, and the top is formed like an arrow. Therefore, the floating matter 12 is distributed to either the left or right side of the outer wall 6a on the upstream side and flows in the downstream direction.

On the other hand, since the solid matter such as pebbles 13 has a large specific gravity and settles, it is distributed to either the left or right side as shown in FIGS. . Since both sides between the upstream outer wall 6a and the downstream inner wall 6b are open, the solid matter 13 is swept along the outer surface of the wall 6b and flows out of the intake basin 6. For this reason, the solid matter 13 is also prevented from reaching the pressure pipe 1a.

In this way, the water intake basin 6 removes floating matter 12 by the outer wall 6a on the upstream side and solid matter 13 such as pebbles by the inner wall 6b on the downstream side. Only the flowing water is allowed to flow, and a siphon phenomenon can be caused in the pressure pipe 1a. As a result, the cylindrical water turbine 3a can be rotationally driven with maximum efficiency.

Although the entire aspect of the present invention has been specifically described above, it goes without saying that the present invention is not limited and can be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, the angle of inclination of the inlet of the pressure tube may be more acute or obtuse than shown, and the opening surface may be curved rather than straight. Furthermore, the shape of the water intake pit may be appropriately changed according to the state of the river.

1a Pressure pipe 1b Pressure pipe 2a Inlet 2b Outlet 3a Cylindrical water wheel 3b Cylindrical water wheel blades 4 Shaft 5 Generator 6 Water intake basin 6a Outer wall of water intake basin 6b Inner wall of water intake basin 7 River, irrigation channel 7a Weir 8 Flowing water surface 9 Atmospheric pressure 10 Buoyancy 11 Flowing water due to gravitational acceleration 12 Floating objects 13 Pebbles 14 Axial direction 15 Circumferential direction 16 Water flow 17 Water pressure from upstream

Claims (1)

A pressure pipe formed in a cylindrical shape with an inflow port formed at one end inclined so that the opening surface faces downward; and a cylindrical water wheel having a shaft attached to one end side, and the other end side of the pressure pipe in which the cylindrical water wheel is arranged is positioned downstream of the inlet A water turbine device that is arranged with a head and rotates the cylindrical water turbine by allowing running water to flow in from the inlet of the pressure pipe,
The cylindrical water turbine is formed by protruding outward and inward so that a plurality of blades spirally form on the peripheral surface of the cylinder, and between the blades so that the blades do not overlap in the axial direction. A water turbine device for small hydroelectric power generation, characterized in that it is spaced apart .

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