JP2023021882A - Small hydroelectric power generation water turbine device - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a small hydroelectric power generation water turbine device capable of increasing a flow speed in a pressure pipe to increase the rotation speed of a water turbine, with a simple configuration.SOLUTION: A small hydroelectric power generation water turbine device comprises a first cylindrical pressure pipe 1 in which a cylindrical water turbine formed with a plurality of blades is rotatably arranged, where an inflow port 1a formed at one end side of the first pressure pipe 1 is formed so that an opening surface is inclined downward. One end side of a second pressure pipe 8 having an inner diameter larger than that of the first pressure pipe 1 is connected to the other end of the first pressure pipe 1.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a water turbine device for small hydroelectric power generation installed in an irrigation channel or the like with a small height difference to drive a generator.

In the past, water turbines were placed in flowing water such as irrigation canals, or pipes were installed to generate electricity downstream of the pipes using the difference in head. Sufficient power generation is not possible due to insufficient water power for power generation due to unstable water volume and small head. This is because the head of the irrigation channel and the like is small, so the water pressure and the amount of water for driving the water turbine are small. In order to increase power generation efficiency even when the head is small, there is a hydraulic power generator that applies the principle of a siphon.

As a siphon-type hydroelectric power generator, for example, as shown in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 59-184382, water from a water source is guided to a water wheel of the power generator through a siphon pipe, and an air pipe is placed on the upper surface of the highest part of the siphon pipe. It is shown that the air mixed with the water flow and flowed into the siphon pipe is collected by connecting the pipes, the water level is detected, and the air is automatically exhausted by the vacuum pump. In this way, conventional general siphon type hydroelectric generators function the siphon phenomenon by evacuating the air accumulated at the highest part of the siphon pipe with a vacuum pump or the like and removing the air inside the siphon pipe.

The siphon type hydroelectric power generator shown in Patent Document 1 exhausts the air at the top of the siphon pipe in order to make the siphon phenomenon work, and exhausts the vacuum pump or the like in order to fill the inside of the siphon pipe with water. There was a problem that it was necessary to install a device, which made the device complicated and expensive. In general, propeller-type and spiral-type water turbines, which are rotated by the flow of water introduced into a siphon tube, are not suitable for a siphon tube with a small inner diameter, in addition to being complicated in structure. However, there is a problem that the desired efficiency cannot be obtained. Furthermore, when installed in an irrigation channel or the like, floating debris and pebbles often flow into the siphon pipe, which may stop or brake the water wheel, making it impossible to generate electricity.

Therefore, the applicant has proposed a water turbine for small hydroelectric power generation, which can act as a siphon and can be driven to rotate with high efficiency, as shown in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2019-183825 (Patent Document 1). . This water turbine for small hydroelectric power generation includes a pressure tube formed in a cylindrical shape, a plurality of blades rotatably arranged inside the pressure tube, protruding inward, and a shaft at one end side. is attached to the cylindrical water wheel, and the cylindrical water wheel is rotationally driven by flowing water from the inlet of the pressure pipe. The inlet formed at one end of the pressure pipe is inclined so that the opening surface faces downward, and the other end of the pressure pipe in which the cylindrical water turbine is arranged is positioned from the inlet. It is configured so that it is also lowered.

According to this water turbine for small hydroelectric power generation, the inflow port formed at one end of the pressure pipe formed in a cylindrical shape is formed so that the opening face is inclined downward, so that the inside of the pressure pipe is Siphoning occurs due to the exclusion of air. As a result, the inside of the pressure pipe becomes a vacuum state, so that the flow speed becomes faster than that of the irrigation channel, and the cylindrical water turbine rotatably arranged inside the pressure pipe can be driven to rotate at a higher speed.

JP 2019-183825 A

As described above, the water turbine for small hydroelectric power generation disclosed in Patent Document 1 can cause the siphon phenomenon to increase the flow velocity in the pressure pipe, so that the water turbine in the pressure pipe rotates at high speed. efficiency can be increased. However, in order to further increase the efficiency of the power generator, it is necessary to rotate the water turbine at a higher speed. For this reason, it is required to increase the flow rate in the pressure pipe as well as the flow velocity. I had a problem that I couldn't do it.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a water turbine apparatus for small hydroelectric power generation that can increase the flow velocity in the pressure pipe and rotate the water turbine at a high speed with a simple configuration.

In order to solve the above problems, a water turbine device for small hydroelectric power generation according to the present invention comprises a cylindrical first pressure pipe in which a cylindrical water turbine having a plurality of blades is rotatably disposed, A water turbine device in which the inlet formed at one end of the pressure pipe is inclined so that the opening surface faces downward, and the second pressure pipe has an inner diameter larger than the inner diameter of the first pressure pipe The gist is that one end of the pressure pipe is connected to the other end of the first pressure pipe.

Further, it is possible to connect one end side of a third pressure pipe having an inner diameter larger than that of the second pressure pipe to the other end of the second pressure pipe.

Furthermore, one end side of the first pressure pipe is submerged in running water, and the other end side of the second pressure pipe or the third pressure pipe is separated from the running water.

According to the water turbine device for small hydroelectric power generation of the present invention, the inlet formed at one end of the pressure pipe formed in a cylindrical shape is inclined so that the opening surface faces downward, thereby reducing the pressure. Air is removed from the inside of the pipe to generate a siphon phenomenon, and as a result, the flow velocity increases by creating a vacuum inside the pressure pipe, and the cylindrical water wheel installed in the pressure pipe can be driven to rotate at a higher speed. You can inherit the action that you can do as it is. Furthermore, by connecting one end side of a second pressure pipe having an inner diameter larger than the inner diameter of the second pressure pipe to the other end of the first pressure pipe, the volume of the second pressure pipe in a vacuum state can be reduced to As it increases, the flow rate in the first pressure tube can be increased by drawing water volume from the first pressure tube in an attempt to fill this second pressure tube. As a result, the rotation speed of the water wheel arranged in the first pressure pipe increases, and the water wheel rotated at high speed rotates the connected generator at high speed, so that it is possible to generate power more efficiently.

Further, by connecting one end side of the third pressure pipe having an inner diameter larger than that of the second pressure pipe to the other end of the second pressure pipe, the capacity of the third pressure pipe can be increased. can. As a result, the amount of water corresponding to the increased volume of the third pressure pipe, which is in a vacuum state, is drawn from the first pressure pipe, further accelerating the flow velocity of the first pressure pipe, so that the first pressure The water turbine arranged in the pipe can be rotated at a higher speed, and the power generation efficiency can be further improved.

Furthermore, one end side of the first pressure pipe is submerged in running water, and the other end side of the second pressure pipe or the third pressure pipe is separated from the running water, thereby creating a vacuum state and filling the inside. Since the water flow inside the second pressure pipe or the third pressure pipe is released all at once from the other end side, the water flow from the first pressure pipe to the second pressure pipe or the third pressure pipe stagnates. It is possible to circulate at high speed without

1 is a side view showing an embodiment of a water turbine device for small hydroelectric power generation according to the present invention; FIG. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a main part of the water turbine device for small hydroelectric power generation shown in FIG. 1; It is an explanatory view showing a siphon phenomenon caused by a pressure tube. It is a front view which shows a cylindrical water turbine. FIG. 4 is a side view showing another embodiment of the water turbine device for small hydroelectric power generation of the present invention;

A water turbine device for small hydroelectric power generation according to the present invention comprises a first cylindrical pressure pipe in which a cylindrical water turbine having a plurality of blades is rotatably disposed, and one end of the first pressure pipe has A water turbine device in which the formed inlet is inclined so that the opening surface faces downward, and one end side is connected to the second pressure pipe having an inner diameter larger than the inner diameter of the first pressure pipe. It is connected to the other end of the first pressure pipe.

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. 1 and 2 show an embodiment of a water turbine for small hydroelectric power generation according to the present invention. The first pressure pipe 1 is formed in a cylindrical shape from plastic such as a vinyl chloride pipe having a length of approximately 1 m to 4 m, and an inlet 1a is formed at one end on the right side of the drawing. As shown in the figure, the inflow port 1a is formed so that the cut end of the opening surface is inclined downward. It's getting bigger. In addition, the inclination angle is approximately 30 to 60 degrees with respect to the upper surface of the first pressure pipe 1, but the angle should be set so that the shaft 3 attached to the cylindrical water turbine 2 described later can be led out. is desirable. On the other hand, the other end side of the first pressure tube 1 is formed at a right angle. If the height difference between the inlet 1a of the first pressure pipe 1 and the other end is increased, an additional first pressure pipe 1 may be connected to the other end of the first pressure pipe 1. is preferred.

A cylindrical water wheel 2 is rotatably arranged inside the first pressure pipe 1 . The cylindrical water turbine 2 is formed in a cylindrical shape from plastic such as a vinyl chloride pipe having a length of approximately 1 m to 6 m. Furthermore, the outer shape of the cylindrical water turbine 2 is smaller than the inner diameter of the first pressure pipe 1 and is set so that it can rotate freely within the first pressure pipe 1 .

As shown in FIG. 4, the inner surface of the cylindrical water wheel 2 is formed with a plurality of blades 2a protruding inward. These blades 2a are formed by making one notch in the circumferential direction and one in the circumferential direction on the peripheral surface of the cylindrical water turbine 2, and bending the diagonal straight lines toward the inside of the cylindrical water turbine 2. It is formed in a triangular shape, and the tip side of the triangular shape protrudes inward. The number of blades 2a is set to an arbitrary number as necessary, and it is desirable that two to four blades 2a are arranged at equal intervals in consideration of rotational balance. The efficiency is further enhanced by arranging the plurality of blades 2a while displacing them in the axial direction in a helical fashion.

A shaft 3 connected to a generator 4 shown in FIG. The rotation of the cylindrical water turbine 2 rotates the generator 4 via the shaft 3 to generate power. In addition, as described above, when the first pressure pipe 1 is elongated, it is desirable to connect a plurality of cylindrical water turbines 2 according to the length of the first pressure pipe 1 .

On the other hand, a water intake pit 5 is installed at the inlet 1a of the first pressure pipe 1, and water flows into the inlet 1a through the water intake pit 5. As shown in FIG. The water intake pit 5 is, for example, formed in a substantially pentagonal box shape with a top portion on the upstream side of a river 6 such as an irrigation channel, and on the top portion on the upstream side, walls 5a and 5b are formed to be separated from each other. there is The upper end of the wall 5a on the upstream side is higher than the water surface 6a of the river 6, and the wall 5b on the downstream side is formed lower than the water surface 6a. The bottom is open and the sides are also open without walls. The water intake basin 5 may be made of plastic, metal plate, or wood.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 1, the inlet 1a of the water turbine for small hydroelectric power generation is connected to a water intake pit 5 immersed in the irrigation channel. The other end side of the first pressure pipe 1 is located above the flowing water surface 6a of the river 6. As shown in FIG. For this reason, it is desirable to install a weir 7 downstream of the inflow port 1a of the first pressure pipe 1 to the left in the drawing to form a drop between the first pressure pipe 1 and the other end side of the first pressure pipe 1. . Note that the weir 7 is not necessary when the system is installed in a river 6 having a head as topography.
In this manner, one end of the first pressure pipe 1 is submerged in running water, and the other end of a second pressure pipe 8 or a third pressure pipe 9, which will be described later, is removed from the running water, thereby creating a vacuum state. Since the water flow inside the first pressure pipe 1 to the third pressure pipe 9 filled inside is released at once from the other end side, the first pressure pipe 1 to the third pressure pipe It is possible to allow the water flow in 9 to circulate at high speed without stagnation.

Water flowing from a river 6 such as an irrigation channel first flows into the intake basin 5 and into the inlet 1 a of the first pressure pipe 1 . At this time, as shown in FIG. 3, since the inlet 1a of the first pressure pipe 1 is immersed in the river 6, it is pressed against the water surface 6a by the atmospheric pressure, while the buoyant force acts as a reaction force on the water. occurs. Since the inlet 1a of the first pressure pipe 1 has an opening area M in which the cut end of the opening surface is inclined downward as shown in the figure, the vertical opening of the inlet 1a At 7, the buoyant water rises to the upper inner surface of the inlet 1a as indicated by the arrow. This phenomenon is the same as exhausting air from the highest part of the siphon pipe in a conventionally known siphon type hydroelectric generator. A vacuum state is created above the opening from which air is removed. At this time, the water is prevented from rising by the peripheral surface of the first pressure pipe 1, as indicated by the dotted arrows, at locations other than the opening of the inlet 1a. As a result, since the inlet 1a of the first pressure pipe 1 is in a vacuum state, water from the river 6 flows into the inlet 1a with increased momentum.

Water flowing into the first pressure pipe 1 with increasing force flows into the cylindrical water turbine 2 . When the water flows into the cylindrical water turbine 2, it rotates by pressing a plurality of blades 2a formed to protrude inward. Since the plurality of blades 2a are formed in a triangular shape inclined with respect to the axial direction, the blades 2a provide rotational driving force. On the other hand, water also flows into the inner surface of the first pressure pipe 1 and the inner surface of the cylindrical water turbine 2 . At this time, the rotation of the cylindrical water turbine 2 generates buoyancy around it, and a function equivalent to a kind of hydrodynamic bearing is generated, so the contact load is greatly reduced. Thus, the rotation of the cylindrical water turbine 2 drives the generator 4 to rotate through the shaft 3 .

On the other hand, a second pressure pipe 8 is connected to the other end of the first pressure pipe 1, as shown in FIGS. The inner diameter D2 of the second pressure pipe 8 is about 1.2 to 2 times larger than the inner diameter D1 of the first pressure pipe 1. As shown in FIG. The connecting portion between the first pressure pipe 1 and the second pressure pipe 8 is sealed so as not to leak water or air. Also, the length of the second pressure pipe 8 is preferably the same as or longer than that of the first pressure pipe 1 .

Since the second pressure pipe 8 is connected in a sealed state, the inside is kept in a vacuum state, like the first pressure pipe 1 described above. Since the inner diameter D2 is large, the internal volume of the second pressure pipe 8 is greatly increased. Therefore, the second pressure pipe 8 acts to fill the inside of the first pressure pipe 1 with the water that has flowed in, and a large amount of water is drawn. As a result, the amount of water flowing into the inside of the first pressure pipe 1 increases and the flow velocity also increases. The water thus accelerated accelerates the rotational speed of the cylindrical water turbine 2 . Since the power generation amount and power generation efficiency of the power generator 4 increase in proportion to the rotation speed, by connecting the second pressure pipe 8, a highly efficient hydraulic power generation apparatus can be obtained.

FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of a water turbine device for small hydroelectric power generation. In this embodiment, a third pressure pipe 9 is further connected to the other end of the second pressure pipe 8 mentioned above. The inner diameter D3 of the third pressure pipe 9 is larger than the inner diameter D2 of the second pressure pipe 8 by about 1.2 to 2 times. The connecting portion of the second pressure pipe 8 and the third pressure pipe 9 is in a sealed state so as not to leak water or air. Therefore, the inside of the third pressure tube 9 is kept in a vacuum state, like the first pressure tube 1 and the second pressure tube 8 . By connecting the third pressure pipe 9 in this way, in addition to the internal volume of the second pressure pipe 8, the internal volume of the third pressure pipe 9 increases. Acting to fill with water, more water is drawn in. As a result, the amount of water flowing into the inside of the first pressure pipe 1 is further increased and the flow velocity is increased. The water thus accelerated further accelerates the rotational speed of the cylindrical water turbine 2 .

A fourth pressure pipe 10 may be continuously connected to the third pressure pipe 9 . The inner diameter D4 of the fourth pressure pipe 10 is larger than the inner diameter D3 of the third pressure pipe 9 by about 1.2 to 2 times. The connecting portion of the third pressure pipe 9 and the fourth pressure pipe 10 is in a sealed state so as not to leak water or air. Therefore, the inside of the fourth pressure pipe 10 is also kept in a vacuum state like the first pressure pipe 1 to the third pressure pipe 9 .

However, if the second pressure pipe 8 to the third pressure pipe 9 are continuously connected to the first pressure pipe 1, immediately after installing this water turbine device for small hydroelectric power generation in the river 6, the third pressure pipe It is difficult for the inside of the pressure tube 9 to become a vacuum state, and air may remain in the upper portion. For this reason, it is desirable to provide an air vent 11 for venting accumulated air at the top of the fourth pressure pipe 10 . The air vent 11 is opened to release air when the water turbine device for small hydroelectric power generation is installed in the river 6, filled with water, and sealed after the water leaks out from the air vent 11 to remove the air inside. can be eliminated.

Although the present invention has been specifically described above based on the embodiments, it is needless to say that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and can be variously modified without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, in the embodiments described above, the angle of inclination of the inlet of the pressure tube may be more acute or obtuse than shown, and the opening surface may be curved rather than straight. Furthermore, another pressure pipe may be connected to the other end of the third pressure pipe.

1 First pressure pipe 1a Inlet 2 Cylindrical water turbine 2a Blades 3 Shaft 4 Generator 5 Water intake basin 5a Wall 5b Wall 6 River 6a Flowing water surface 7 Second pressure pipe 8 Third pressure pipe

Claims (3)

A cylindrical first pressure pipe in which a cylindrical water wheel having a plurality of blades is rotatably disposed; A water turbine device formed by inclining toward the side,
A small water turbine for hydroelectric power generation, wherein one end of a second pressure pipe having an inner diameter larger than that of said first pressure pipe is connected to the other end of said first pressure pipe. 2. The water turbine apparatus for small hydroelectric power generation according to claim 1, wherein one end of a third pressure pipe having an inner diameter larger than that of said second pressure pipe is connected to the other end of said second pressure pipe. 3. Water for small hydroelectric power generation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein one end side of said first pressure pipe is submerged in running water, and the other end side of said second pressure pipe or third pressure pipe is separated from said running water. car equipment.

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